scholarly journals Multiple Micronutrients, Including Zinc, Selenium and Iron, Are Positively Associated with Anemia in New Zealand Aged Care Residents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Sue O. MacDonell ◽  
Jody C. Miller ◽  
Michelle J. Harper ◽  
Malcolm R. Reid ◽  
Jillian J. Haszard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anemia is a significant comorbidity for older adults not fully attributable to iron deficiency. Low-grade inflammation and other micronutrient deficiencies also contribute. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between nutrient and non-nutrient factors with hemoglobin and anemia in 285 residents (>65 years) of 16 New Zealand aged-care facilities. Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, ferritin, sTfR, hepcidin, zinc, selenium, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), (with ferritin, sTfR, zinc and selenium adjusted for inflammation). Linear regression models examined the relationships between micronutrient biomarkers (iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin B-12 and D), age, sex, and health factors with hemoglobin. Thirty-two percent of participants exhibited anemia, although <2% had either depleted iron stores or iron deficiency. Plasma zinc and selenium deficiencies were present in 72% and 38% of participants, respectively. Plasma zinc and total body iron (TBI) were positively associated (p < 0.05) with hemoglobin, while gastric acid suppressing medications, hepcidin, and interleukin-6 were inversely associated. These relationships were maintained after the application of anemia cut-offs. These findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple micronutrient deficiencies as risk factors for anemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Cluster of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Schoolchildren: Results from a Large Survey in Southwest Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Nagel ◽  
Kilian Rapp ◽  
Martin Wabitsch ◽  
Gisela Büchele ◽  
Anja Kroke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

Abstract Background: Obesity is associated with substantial metabolic changes and subclinical inflammation. We explored associations between body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic biomarkers and their clustering in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study among 450 children 10 years old, we measured adiponectin, leptin, inflammatory markers, apolipoprotein (apo) AI and B, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Except for adiponectin and apoAI (10th percentile) the 90th percentile was used as cutoff point. Body weight was categorized in age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles and overweight and obesity according to International Obesity Task Force definitions. Results: In linear regression models, all cardiometabolic markers except apoB were statistically significantly associated with overweight. In logistic regression models, compared with the reference category (25th–75th percentile of BMI), overweight was associated with increased concentrations of leptin [odds ratio (OR) 59.80; 95% CI 16.68–214.39], C-reactive protein (6.30; 2.95–13.45), fibrinogen (2.82; 1.33–6.01), and low apoAI (2.62; 1.19–5.75). Overweight was positively associated with interleukin-6, Lp-PLA2, and apoB concentrations and inversely with adiponectin concentrations. Most importantly, in obese children 35% showed one, 20% two, 10% three, and 15% four or more abnormal cardiometabolic biomarkers. The number of abnormal cardiometabolic markers increased in overweight (ptrend &lt;0.001) and obese (ptrend &lt;0.001) children. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity in children are associated with complex metabolic changes and a low-grade inflammatory response, and thus might not only accelerate cardiovascular disease later on, but may also be associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis in early life.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein in obese adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Michael Kasenda ◽  
Suryadi Tantura ◽  
Sarah Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory State

Background Childhood obesity is a major health concern.Obesity is due to an expansion of adipose tissue mass. This tissueproduces pro􀁞inflarmnatory cytokines, such as interleukin􀁞6 (IL--6).IL􀁞6 is considered to be the chief stimulator of the production ofhighly sensitive C􀁞reactive protein (hsCRP) in the liver. Bothmolecules are responsible for the chronic low􀁞grade inflammatorystate in obese individuals.Objective To assess a correlation between IL􀁞6 and hsCRP inobese adolescents.Methods This cross􀁞sectional study was conducted from Marchto June 2011 in Manado. Subjects were obese and normal bodymass index (BMI) teens aged 13􀁞18 years. Serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SOOT) and serum glutamic pyruvictransaminase (SOPT) levels were measured to rule out liverimpairment. IL􀁞6 and hsCRP levels were also measured. Data wasanalyzed by Pearson's correlation and linear regression to test forcorrelation between IL--6 and hsCRP levels.Results There was a strongly positive correlation between IL􀁞6and hsCRP levels in obese adolescents (r=0.79 with P<O.OOl).IL--6 and hsCRP levels were not significantly associated in subjectswith normal BMI.Conclusions There was a strongly positive correlation betweenIL--6 and hsCRP levels in obese adolescents, suggestive of anongoing, chronic, low􀁞grade inflammatory state. [PaediatrIndanes.2012;52:219-22].

scholarly journals Soluble transferrin receptor levels in obese and non obese adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Zul Febrianti ◽  
Fadil Oenzil ◽  
Firman Arbi ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Mean

Background Iron deficiency in children and adolescents maybe dueto an inadequate supply of iron as well as increased iron requirementsfor growth and developmental processes. The incr easing prevalence ofobesity puts children at risk of iron deficiency. Studies on the effectsof obesity on iron deficiency have focused on low grade systemicinflammation as well as examining soluble transferrin receptor levels(sTfR) as an indicator ofiron deficiency.Objective To compare sT fR levels in obese and non-obeseadolescents, assess for correlations between BMI, sTfR and obesity,and determine the risk of iron deficiency in obese adolescents .Method T his cross sectional study was conducted on 20 obeseand 20 non-obese adolescents aged 15-17 in East Aceh District,from September to December 20 11. Subject were chosen throughcluster sampling. The obese subjects had BMI > 95th percentileand the non-obese subjects had BMI s:851h percentile based onthe 2000 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Exclusioncriteria were blood disorders, chronic diseases, and a history ofbleeding. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and T test witha significance level of P < 0.05, and Pearson's correlation.Results The mean s TfR levels in obese adolescents was higher thanin non-obese adolescents, [2.59 (SD 0.76) vs 2.14 (SD 0.45) μg/mL(P = 0.030)]. Iron deficiency (sTfR> 2.5 μgimL) was more commonin obese than in non-obese adolescents [ (55% vs . 15%, respectively,(P = 0.019) ]. Analysis of the relationship between obesity accordingto BMI andsTfRrevealedan OR of 6.93; 95% CI 1.53 to3 1.38. Ther elationship between the BMI and sTfR levels indicated a positive,moderate strength of association (r = 0.392) .Conclusion The mean sT fR levels in obese adolescents is significantlyhigher than in non-obese individuals. Obese adolescentshave a 6.93 times higher risk of iron deficiency than non-obeseadolescents. Body mass index has a positive and moderate associationwith sTfR.

scholarly journals Assessing Nurses’ Satisfaction with Continuity of Care and the Case Management Model as an Indicator of Quality of Care in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6609
Author(s):  
Gloria Reig-Garcia ◽  
Rosa Suñer-Soler ◽  
Susana Mantas-Jiménez ◽  
Anna Bonmatí-Tomas ◽  
Maria Carmen Malagón-Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Chronic diseases are treated and cared for in different healthcare settings. Continuity of care and the case management model facilitate the integration of processes and care levels. However, there is little evidence regarding the satisfaction of nurses with this model. The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ satisfaction with continuity of care and the case management model. A cross-sectional study was conducted. An ad hoc questionnaire was administrated to 437 Spanish nurses from the three health care settings that responded. This included items on socio-demographics, employment relationship, and satisfaction with continuity of care and case management. Descriptive analysis and linear regression models were performed. In total, 96.1% of the nurses expressed a high level of satisfaction with continuity of care and 80.7% with the case management model. Nurses in a primary care setting reported the greatest satisfaction with the case management model (B = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.139–0.694, p = 0.003). The nurses’ higher perception of patient satisfaction was associated with greater satisfaction with continuity of care (B = 0.466, 95% CI = −0.367–0.533, p < 0.000). Nurses identified the case management model as an optimal facilitator of continuity of care. While satisfaction with continuity is high, strategies are needed to improve it in primary care centers and aged care homes.

A High Prevalence of Zinc- but not Iron-Deficiency among Women in Rural Malawi: a Cross-Sectional Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin W. P. Siyame ◽  
Rachel Hurst ◽  
Anna A. Wawer ◽  
Scott D. Young ◽  
Martin R. Broadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Molar Ratios

Background: Zinc deficiency is often associated with nutritional iron deficiency (ID), and may be exacerbated by low selenium status. Aim: To investigate risk of iron and zinc deficiency in women with contrasting selenium status. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 1-day diet composites and blood samples were collected from self-selected Malawian women aged 18−50 years from low- (Zombwe) (n=60) and high-plant-available soil selenium (Mikalango) (n=60) districts. Diets were analyzed for trace elements and blood for biomarkers. Results: Zinc deficiency (>90 %) was greater than ID anemia (6 %), or ID (5 %), attributed to diets low in zinc (median 5.7 mg/day) with high phytate:zinc molar ratios (20.0), but high in iron (21.0 mg/day) from soil contaminant iron. Zombwe compared to Mikalango women had lower (p<0.05) intakes of selenium (6.5 vs. 55.3 µg/day), zinc (4.8 vs. 6.4 mg/day), iron (16.6 vs. 29.6 mg/day), lower plasma selenium (0.72 vs. 1.60 µmol/L), and higher body iron (5.3 vs. 3.8 mg/kg), although plasma zinc was similar (8.60 vs. 8.87 µmol/L). Body iron and plasma zinc were positive determinants of hemoglobin. Conclusion: Risk of zinc deficiency was higher than ID and was shown not to be associated with selenium status. Plasma zinc was almost as important as body iron as a hemoglobin determinant.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perceptions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation amongst New Zealand podiatrists: a web-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Brenton-Rule ◽  
Daniel Harvey ◽  
Kevin Moran ◽  
Daniel O’Brien ◽  
Jonathon Webber
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background Podiatrists in New Zealand have a duty of care to assist patients in an emergency, and current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification is a requirement for registration. However, it is unknown how competent and confident podiatrists are in administering CPR and how they would respond in an emergency. Having a health professional who has a competent knowledge of CPR and skills in basic life support, can improve survival rates from sudden cardiac arrest. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey New Zealand podiatrists to determine their CPR knowledge and qualifications; beliefs about the application of CPR; and perceptions of their competency in CPR. Methods This cross-sectional study used a web-based survey. Participants were New Zealand registered podiatrists with a current annual practising certificate. The 31-item survey included questions to elicit demographic information, CPR practice and attitudes, and CPR knowledge. Responses were collected between March and August 2020. Results 171 podiatrists responded to the survey. 16 % of the podiatrists (n = 28) had performed CPR in an emergency, with a 50 % success rate. Participants were predominantly female (n = 127, 74 %) and working in private practice (n = 140,82 %). Nearly half of respondents were younger than 40 years (n = 75,44 %) and had less than 10 years of clinical experience (n = 73, 43 %). Nearly all (n = 169,97 %) participants had received formal CPR training in the past two years, with 60 % (n = 105) receiving training in the past 12 months. Most respondents (n = 167,98 %) self-estimated their CPR ability as being effective, very effective, or extremely effective. Participants’ knowledge of CPR was variable, with the percentage of correct answers for CPR protocol statements ranging between 20 and 90 %. Conclusions This study provides the first insight into New Zealand podiatrists’ CPR knowledge and perceptions. Podiatrists were found to have high levels of CPR confidence but demonstrated gaps in CPR knowledge. Currently, New Zealand registered podiatrists require biennial CPR re-certification. However, resuscitation authorities in New Zealand and overseas recommend an annual update of CPR skills. Based on this study’s findings, and in line with Australia and the United Kingdom, the authors recommend a change from biennial to annual CPR re-certification for podiatrists in New Zealand. Trial registration The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001144909).

scholarly journals Associations between multimorbidity and glycaemia (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional study in Australian general practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039625
Author(s):  
Jason I Chiang ◽  
John Furler ◽  
Frances Mair ◽  
Bhautesh D Jani ◽  
Barbara I Nicholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Australian General Practice

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of multimorbidity as well as individual and combinations of long-term conditions (LTCs) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) attending Australian general practice, using electronic health record (EHR) data. We also examine the association between multimorbidity condition count (total/concordant(T2D related)/discordant(unrelated)) and glycaemia (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAustralian general practice.Participants69 718 people with T2D with a general practice encounter between 2013 and 2015 captured in the MedicineInsight database (EHR Data from 557 general practices and >3.8 million Australian patients).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of multimorbidity, individual and combinations of LTCs. Multivariable linear regression models used to examine associations between multimorbidity counts and HbA1c (%).ResultsMean (SD) age 66.42 (12.70) years, 46.1% female and mean (SD) HbA1c 7.1 (1.4)%. More than 90% of participants with T2D were living with multimorbidity. Discordant conditions were more prevalent (83.4%) than concordant conditions (69.9 %). The three most prevalent discordant conditions were: painful conditions (55.4%), dyspepsia (31.6%) and depression (22.8%). The three most prevalent concordant conditions were hypertension (61.4%), coronary heart disease (17.1%) and chronic kidney disease (8.5%). The three most common combinations of conditions were: painful conditions and hypertension (38.8%), painful conditions and dyspepsia (23.1%) and hypertension and dyspepsia (22.7%). We found no associations between any multimorbidity counts (total, concordant and discordant) or combinations and HbA1c.ConclusionsMultimorbidity was common in our cohort of people with T2D attending Australian general practice, but was not associated with glycaemia. Although we did not explore mortality in this study, our results suggest that the increased mortality in those with multimorbidity and T2D observed in other studies may not be linked to glycaemia. Interestingly, discordant conditions were more prevalent than concordant conditions with painful conditions being the second most common comorbidity. Better understanding of the implications of different patterns of multimorbidity in people with T2D will allow more effective tailored care.

scholarly journals Starchy Vegetables and Metabolic Syndrome in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽  
Karen E. Peterson ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Only a few studies primarily examined the associations between starchy vegetables (other than potatoes) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between starchy vegetables consumption and MetS in a population-based sample of Costa Rican adults. We hypothesized that a higher overall intake of starchy vegetables would not be associated with higher MetS prevalence. In this cross-sectional study, log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of MetS across quintiles of total, unhealthy, healthy starchy vegetables, and individual starchy vegetables (potatoes, purple sweet potatoes, etc.), among 1881 Costa Rican adults. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from linear regression models were estimated for each MetS component by categories of starchy vegetable variables. Higher intakes of starchy vegetables were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in crude models, but no significant trends were observed after adjusting for confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between total starchy and healthy starchy vegetables consumption and fasting blood glucose. In this population, starchy vegetables might be part of a healthy dietary pattern.

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