scholarly journals A Positive Relationship between Betel Nut Chewing and Significant Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD Subjects, but Not in Non-NAFLD Ones

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Yu-Tsung Chou ◽  
Chung-Hao Li ◽  
Zih-Jie Sun ◽  
Wei-Chen Shen ◽  
Yi-Ching Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

Background: Betel nut chewing is associated with oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore the association of betel nut chewing with liver fibrosis in subjects with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method: A total of 5967 subjects were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. Betel nut chewing was classified into non-chewing, ex-chewing, and current chewing, and cumulative dosages were calculated. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet ratio index and NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS) were calculated for evaluation of liver fibrosis. Results: NAFLD increased the associated risk of liver fibrosis in those with (odds ratio (OR): 5.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.09–9.80) and without betel nut chewing (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.64–3.29). In subjects without NAFLD, betel nut chewing was not associated with liver fibrosis (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.44–2.86). In subjects with NAFLD, cumulative betel nut chewing and ex- and current chewing were positively associated with NFS and significant liver fibrosis. Conclusions: In subjects with NAFLD, betel nut chewing, even ex-chewing, was associated with a higher risk of liver fibrosis, where higher cumulative levels were found to increase the risk of significant liver fibrosis. However, the associated risk of liver fibrosis due to betel nut chewing was insignificant in subjects without NAFLD.

scholarly journals Usefulness of collagen type IV in the detection of significant liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 100253
Author(s):  
José Tadeu Stefano ◽  
Laura Vilar Guedes ◽  
Arthur Alencar Arrais de Souza ◽  
Denise Siqueira Vanni ◽  
Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Collagen Type Iv ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk is Elevated in Lean Subjects With Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuna Kim ◽  
Eugene Han ◽  
Jae Seung Lee ◽  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
Beom Kyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Lean Nafld ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

Abstract BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity are independently associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the leading cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. Many NAFLD patients are lean, but their ASCVD risk compared to obese subjects with NAFLD is unclear.MethodsData from the 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database were analysed (n = 4,786). NAFLD was defined as a comprehensive NAFLD score of ≥40 or a liver fat score of ≥–0.640. ASCVD risk was evaluated using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. A high probability of ASCVD was defined as an ASCVD risk of >10%.ResultsThe frequency of subjects without NAFLD, with obese NAFLD, and with lean NAFLD was 62.4% (n = 2,987), 26.6% (n = 1,274), and 11.0% (n = 525), respectively. Subjects with lean NAFLD had a significantly higher ASCVD score and prevalence of a high ASCVD risk (mean 15.6 ± 14.0 and 51.6%) than those with obese NAFLD and without NAFLD (mean 11.2 ± 11.4 and 39.8%; 7.9 ± 10.9 and 25.5%, all P < 0.001). Subjects with lean NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis showed a significantly higher odds ratio for a high risk for ASCVD than those with obese NAFLD with or without significant liver fibrosis (odds ratio = 2.60 vs. 1.93; P = 0.023).ConclusionsDespite a more favourable metabolic profile, subjects with lean NAFLD had a significantly higher ASCVD score and prevalence of high ASCVD risk than those with obese NAFLD. Similarly, lean subjects with significant liver fibrosis had a higher probability of ASCVD than obese subjects in the subpopulation with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Association between noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and coronary artery calcification progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Hwi Seung Kim ◽  
Yun Kyung Cho ◽  
Eun Hee Kim ◽  
Min Jung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fibrosis Score ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Advanced Liver Fibrosis

Abstract Advanced liver fibrosis and coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression has been reported to correlate with cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the association between noninvasive liver fibrosis score and CAC progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We included 1173 asymptomatic adults with CAC scores from 2007–2013. CAC progression was defined as newly incident CAC or a ≥ 2.5-unit increase in the final CAC score square root. Liver fibrosis was assessed using fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) score and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). A total of 293 (25.0%) subjects developed CAC. Mean baseline FIB-4 score was significantly higher in subjects with CAC. CAC progressed in 20.5% of subjects without NAFLD, 27.5% of those with NAFLD and low FIB-4 scores, and 35.9% of those with NAFLD and intermediate/high FIB-4 scores. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for CAC progression was 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.58) for subjects with NAFLD plus intermediate/high FIB-4 scores versus those without NAFLD. In the sensitivity analysis, the odds ratio for CAC progression was 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.44) for subjects with NAFLD plus an intermediate/high NFS versus those without NAFLD. Advanced liver fibrosis stage assessed using noninvasive markers is associated with a higher risk of CAC progression in subjects with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Liver Fibrosis and Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult US Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciardullo ◽  
Rosa Cannistraci ◽  
Simone Mazzetti ◽  
Andrea Mortara ◽  
Gianluca Perseghin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
History Of

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).AimTo evaluate whether this can be attributed to the link between NAFLD and known CVD risk factors or to an independent contribution of liver steatosis and fibrosis.MethodsThis is an analysis of data from the 2017-2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We included participants older than 40 years with available data on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and without viral hepatitis and significant alcohol consumption. Steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed by the median value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. History of CVD was self-reported and defined as a composite of coronary artery disease and stroke/transient ischemic attacks.ResultsAmong the 2734 included participants, prevalence of NAFLD was 48.6% (95% CI 45.1-51.4), 316 participants (9.7%, 95% CI 8.1-11.6) had evidence of significant liver fibrosis and 371 (11.5%, 95% CI 9.5-13.9) had a history of CVD. In univariate analysis, patients with CVD had a higher prevalence of steatosis (59.6% vs 47.1%, p=0.013), but not fibrosis (12.9% vs 9.3%, p=0.123). After adjustment for potential confounders in a multivariable logistic regression model, neither steatosis nor significant fibrosis were independently associated with CVD and heart failure.ConclusionsIn this population-based study, we did not identify an independent association between steatosis and fibrosis and CVD. Large prospective cohort studies are needed to provide a more definitive evidence on this topic.

Prevalence, Predictors, and Severity of Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. e694-e701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cervo ◽  
Jovana Milic ◽  
Giovanni Mazzola ◽  
Filippo Schepis ◽  
Salvatore Petta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lean Nafld ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

Abstract Background The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NAFLD is associated with obesity; however, it can occur in normoweight (lean) patients. We aimed to investigate lean NAFLD in patients living with HIV. Methods We included patients living with HIV mono-infection from 3 prospective cohorts. NAFLD was diagnosed by transient elastography (TE) and defined as controlled attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m, in absence of alcohol abuse. Lean NAFLD was defined when a body mass index was &lt;25 kg/m2. Significant liver fibrosis was defined as TE ≥7.1 kPa. The presence of diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia defined metabolically abnormal patients. Results We included 1511 patients, of whom 57.4% were lean. The prevalence of lean NAFLD patients in the whole cohort was 13.9%. NAFLD affected 24.2% of lean patients. The proportions of lean NAFLD patients who were metabolically abnormal or had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were higher than among those who were lean patients without NAFLD (61.9% vs 48.9% and 36.7% vs 24.2%, respectively). Lean NAFLD patients had a higher prevalence of significant liver fibrosis than lean patients without NAFLD (15.7% vs 7.6%, respectively). After adjusting for sex, ethnicity, hypertension, CD4 cell count, nadir CD4 &lt;200µ/L, and time since HIV diagnosis, predictors of NAFLD in lean patients were age (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.59), high triglycerides (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11–1.63), and high ALT (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05–1.26), while a high level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was protective (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, .26–.77). Conclusions NAFLD affects 1 in 4 lean patients living with HIV mono-infection. Investigations for NAFLD should be proposed in older patients with dyslipidemia and elevated ALT, even if normoweight.

scholarly journals Independent Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lu ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
Lingling Zou ◽  
Shunkui Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely correlated with insulin resistance and several metabolic syndrome features, but whether it could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease remains undefined. To assess the association between NAFLD and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, we systematically searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database (1947 to October 2012) by using Medical Subject Heading search terms and a standardized protocol. Randomized controlled trials, case-control, and prospective studies carried out in human adults, in which the unadjusted and multivariate adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular disease with NAFLD were reported. The search yielded 4 cross-sectional studies and 2 prospective cohort studies including 7,042 participants. The pooled effects estimate showed that NAFLD was a predictor of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio 1.88, 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.01; ). The random effects summary estimate indicated that NAFLD retained a significant association with cardiovascular outcomes independent of conventional risk factors after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratio 1.50, 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.87; ). These results indicate that NAFLD is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and may play a central role in the cardiovascular risk of metabolic syndrome.

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