scholarly journals Self-Reported DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy and Its Association with Obesity or Gestational Diabetes in Relation to DHA Concentration in Cord and Maternal Plasma: Results from NELA, a Prospective Mother-Offspring Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Antonio Gázquez ◽  
María Giménez-Bañón ◽  
María Prieto-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen Martínez-Graciá ◽  
Clara Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Offspring Cohort ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

Maternal supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy has been recommended due to its role in infant development, but its effect on materno-fetal DHA status is not well established. We evaluated the associations between DHA supplementation in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal and neonatal DHA status. Serum fatty acids (FA) were analyzed in 641 pregnant women (24 weeks of gestation) and in 345 venous and 166 arterial cord blood samples of participants of the NELA cohort. Obese women (n = 47) presented lower DHA in serum than those lean (n = 397) or overweight (n = 116) before pregnancy. Linoleic acid in arterial cord was elevated in obese women, which indicates lower fetal retention. Maternal DHA supplementation (200 mg/d) during pregnancy was associated with enhanced maternal and fetal DHA levels regardless of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), although higher arterial DHA in overweight women indicated an attenuated response. Maternal DHA supplementation was not associated with cord venous DHA in neonates of mothers with GDM. The cord arteriovenous difference was similar for DHA between GDM and controls. In conclusion, maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy enhanced fetal DHA status regardless of the pre-pregnancy BMI while GDM may reduce the effect of DHA supplementation in newborns.

Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Shima Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Shiva Borzouei ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: One of the most common complications of pregnant women is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress can play an important role in GDM. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers in GDM. Method: Twenty pregnant women with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women with normal blood glucose test participated in this study. Five mL of unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Spectrophotometric assay was carried out for sialochemical analysis. Stata software was used for data analysis. Results: The GDM group exhibited no significant difference in salivary total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde compared to the healthy control group. All of antioxidants markers, the uric acid, total antioxidant, peroxidase and catalase, decreased in GDM group that the difference of peroxidase and catalase was statistically significant. All of oxidative stress markers, the salivary malondyaldehid, total oxidative stress and total thiol, increased in GDM group. GDM group exhibited significantly higher salivary total oxidative stress levels. Conclusion: Catalase level was significantly lower and total oxidative stress was significantly higher. These two markers might have significant importance and might exhibit early changes compared to other factors in GDM. . Some of salivary antioxidants might have diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic implications in GDM. Other studies with large sample size on salivary and blood samples need to be done to confirm this properties and salivary samples using instead of blood samples in GDM biomarkers changes.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of Information-Motivation and Behavioral skills (IMB) model of self-care in early pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus in Iranian overweight and obese women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Sadat Motahari-Tabari ◽  
Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽  
Marjan Ahmad Shirvani ◽  
Afsaneh Bakhtiari ◽  
Shabnam Omidvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Imb Model ◽  
Behavioral Skills

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy and as overweight and obesity are of the major risk factors, this study aimed to determine the effect of Information-Motivation and Behavioral skills (IMB) model-based counseling on preventing gestational diabetes in overweight and obese pregnant women. Methods: A randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving pregnant women who are overweight (BMI >25 to 29.9 k/gm2) or obese (BMI >30 k/gm2), at the 12 to 16 weeks gestation and recruited from the Prenatal Clinic of Rohani Educational Hospital in Babol medical university, Iran, women in the intervention group will receive a program informed four sessions by the Information-Motivation and Behavioral skills. The control group received routine care. Blood glucose was measured before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, frequency, t-test, chi-square and ANCOVA were used. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes was lower in the intervention group than the routine care group (10% and 29.9%, respectively, RR=0.33, CI 95% (0.15- 0.74) p=0.004) as well as mean fasting blood glucose (d=0.28, P=0.07), and glucose tolerance test at the first and second hour (d= 0.41 and d=0.73, respectively, p<0.01). Conclusions: Our data suggest that women that IMB model-based counseling on self-care in early pregnancy in overweight and obese pregnant women can be effective in preventing gestational diabetes. Keywords: Gestational Diabetes, Obesity, Overweight, Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Name of the registry: Comparison of the effectiveness of counseling based on health promoting behaviors on fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test in pregnant and overweight and obese women IRCT registration number: IRCT20120125008822N3Registration date: 2018-07-05, 1397/04/14Registration timing: prospective https://en.irct.ir/trial/32150

scholarly journals The comparison of plasma fibronectin in term and preterm delivery: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Zahra Moradi ◽  
Parvin Moradi ◽  
Mohamad Hassan Meshkibaf ◽  
Mehrnoosh Aleosfoor ◽  
Mehdi Sharafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Plasma Fibronectin ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Maternal Serum Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Preterm delivery is one of the main causes of infant death. Therefore, prediction of preterm delivery may eliminate a large number of prenatal complications. Objectives: The present study aimed to understand if preterm delivery can be predicted by assessing maternal plasma fibronectin concentration. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 105 pregnant women participating in this study were collected. The plasma fibronectin were measured at 24-28 wk of gestation and again at 32-36 wk of gestation. Unfortunately, only 65 of the 105 pregnant women, returned for the second sampling. The plasma fibronectin was analyzed using ELISA method and its concentration in term and preterm deliveries was compared. The delivery dates of all the women were also recorded. Results: Out of 105 pregnant women, 28 delivered preterm (26.7%). The Plasma fibronectin concentrations in women with preterm delivery were higher than in those who delivered at term (p = 0.001). Accordingly, Plasma fibronectin concentrations were significantly higher in the second serum samples (p = 0.01). Plasma fibronectin concentrations was also higher in obese women and in those suffering from preeclampsia (p = 0.12) and gestational diabetes (p = 0.81). Conclusion: Plasma fibronectin concentrations test could be used as an optional screening test for preterm delivery at 28 to 34 wk of gestation in pregnant women who prefer to avoid vaginal sampling. Key words: Premature birth, Fibronectin, Maternal serum screening tests.

scholarly journals Association of WISP1/CCN4 with Risk of Overweight and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jiajin Hu ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Ningning Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Complement C1q

Background. Obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher risk of adverse outcomes than women with obesity or GDM alone. Our study is aimed at investigating the discriminatory power of circulatory Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), a novel adipocytokine, on the copresence of prepregnancy overweight/obesity and GDM and at clarifying the relationship between the WISP1 level and clinical cardiometabolic parameters. Methods. A total of 313 participants were screened from a multicenter prospective prebirth cohort: Born in Shenyang Cohort Study (BISCS). Subjects were examined with a 2×2 factorial design for body mass index BMI≥24 and GDM. Between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, follow-up individuals underwent an OGTT and blood sampling for cardiometabolic characterization. Results. We observed that the WISP1 levels were elevated in prepregnancy overweight/obesity patients with GDM, compared with nonoverweight subjects with normal blood glucose (3.45±0.89 vs. 2.91±0.75 ng/mL). Multilogistic regression analyses after adjustments for potential confounding factors revealed that WISP1 was a strong and independent risk factor for prepregnancy overweight/obesity with GDM (all ORs>1). In addition, the results of the ROC analysis indicated that WISP1 exhibited the capability to identify individuals with prepregnancy overweight/obesity and GDM (all AUC>0.5). Finally, univariate and multivariate linear regression showed that WISP1 level was positively and independently correlated with fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, and aspartate aminotransferase and was negatively correlated with HDL-C and complement C1q. Conclusions. WISP1 may be critical for the prediction, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies against obesity and GDM in pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Concentration of Circulating Corticotropin-releasing Hormone mRNA in Maternal Plasma Is Increased in Preeclampsia

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enders K O Ng ◽  
Tse N Leung ◽  
Nancy B Y Tsui ◽  
Tze K Lau ◽  
Nirmal S Panesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Plasma Rna

Abstract Background: Increased fetal DNA in maternal plasma/serum has been reported in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. We hypothesize that fetal RNA may also be increased in maternal plasma in preeclampsia. Methods: We developed a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay to measure the concentration of the mRNA of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) locus. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from healthy pregnant women both before and 2 h after delivery. Peripheral blood samples were also obtained from women suffering from preeclampsia and controls matched for gestational age. Plasma was harvested from these samples, and RNA was extracted. Plasma RNA was subjected to analysis by the reverse transcription-PCR assay. Results: CRH mRNA was detected in the plasma of 10 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester. CRH mRNA was found to be cleared very rapidly after cesarean section, with no detectable signal by 2 h postpartum. Plasma CRH mRNA concentrations were 1070 and 102 copies/mL, respectively, in 12 preeclamptic women and 10 healthy pregnant women matched for gestational age (Mann–Whitney test, P &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Plasma CRH mRNA represents a new molecular marker for preeclampsia. Maternal plasma RNA is gender- and polymorphism-independent and may allow noninvasive gene-expression profiling of an unborn fetus.

scholarly journals Distinct Metabolic Profile in Early Pregnancy of Overweight and Obese Women Developing Gestational Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Mokkala ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Outi Pellonperä ◽  
Noora Houttu ◽  
Ella Koivuniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Characteristic Analysis

ABSTRACT Background Reliable biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) would be beneficial in the early prevention of adverse metabolic outcomes during pregnancy and beyond. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate whether the early pregnancy serum metabolic profile differs in women developing GDM from those remaining healthy. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of these metabolites to act as predictive markers for GDM. Methods This was a prospective study investigating overweight and obese [prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 and &gt;30, respectively] pregnant women (prepregnancy median BMI: 28.5; IQR: 26.4–31.5; n = 357). Fasting serum samples were analyzed with a targeted NMR approach in early pregnancy (median: 14.3 weeks of gestation). GDM was diagnosed on the basis of a 2-h, 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test at a median of 25.7 weeks of gestation. Results In early pregnancy, 78 lipid metabolites differed in women who later developed GDM (n = 82) compared with those who remained healthy (n = 275) (ANCOVA, adjusted for confounding factors and corrected for multiple comparisons; false discovery rate &lt;0.05). Higher concentrations of several-sized VLDL particles and medium- and small-sized HDL particles, and lower concentrations of very large-sized HDL particles, were detected in women developing GDM. Furthermore, concentrations of amino acids including 2 branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine and leucine, and GlycA, a marker for low-grade inflammation, were higher in women who developed GDM. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the most predictive marker for GDM was a higher concentration of small-sized HDL particles (AUC: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.77; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions We identified a distinct early pregnancy metabolomic profile especially attributable to small HDL particles in women developing GDM. The aberrant metabolic profile could represent a novel way to allow early identification of this most common medical condition affecting pregnant women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01922791.

scholarly journals Measurement of Homocysteine Levels in Pregnant Women with and Without Preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Narjes Noori ◽  
Aida Najafian ◽  
Samaneh Saberi ◽  
Marzieh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Introduction: Homocysteine is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, and elevated concentrations of homocysteine have been found in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine homocysteine levels in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This descriptive study conducted on pregnant women with preeclampsia (n = 39) and controls (n = 43) was evaluated by the convenience sampling and data were collected through a questionnaire and paraclinical findings. In the present study, 5cc blood samples were taken from the patients after 8 hours of fasting and sent to the laboratory to determine homocysteine and related metabolites levels. Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS 25.0 and Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results: The moderate concentrations of homocysteine and uric acid were significantly higher than the control group in maternal plasma with preeclampsia (0.0001). Conclusion: We found that the blood homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared with the Controls group. Measuring uric acid and blood homocysteine levels in pregnancy may be helpful as diagnostic tests in the early detection of high risk individuals.

scholarly journals Expression level of miRNAS in patients with gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senay Balci ◽  
Aysegul Gorur ◽  
Didem Derici Yıldırım ◽  
Filiz Cayan ◽  
Lulufer Tamer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Pancreatic Development ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which has been identified for the first time during pregnancy and is defined as glucose intolerance of varying degrees, is one of the prediabetes states that are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with pregnancy complications and are even necessary for the regulation of pancreatic development and glucose-induced insulin secretion. This study aims to investigate miRNAs expressed in maternal plasma to detect the availability as a biomarker in the diagnosis of GDM.MethodsIn this study, 30 pregnant women with GDM diagnosed according to GDM American Diabetes Association criteria and 30 healthy pregnant women were included and miRNA expression levels were investigated. Circulating 39 miRNAs were analyzed by qRT-PCR using 96.96 Dynamic Array IFCs.ResultsThe findings showed that the expression level of miR-7-5p significantly upregulated when compared with healthy pregnant women with gestational diabetes (fold change:2.3, p<0.05).ConclusionsThere is controversy about what is the most appropriate test for GDM screening. Therefore, supported by further studies, miR-7-5p can be used for the diagnosis of GDM.

scholarly journals Effects of Blood-Processing Protocols on Fetal and Total DNA Quantification in Maternal Plasma

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossa W K Chiu ◽  
Leo L M Poon ◽  
Tze K Lau ◽  
Tse N Leung ◽  
Eric M C Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Dna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Processing ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Total P

Abstract Background: Recently, apoptotic cells have been found in plasma obtained by centrifugation of blood from pregnant women, raising the question of what constitutes plasma and whether plasma is truly cell free. We compared the effects of different blood-processing protocols on the quantification, DNA composition, and day-to-day fluctuation of fetal and total DNA in maternal plasma. Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant women. The blood sample from each individual was simultaneously processed by different means, including the following: Percoll separation, centrifugation, microcentrifugation, and filtration. The resulting plasma aliquots were subjected to real-time quantitative amplification of the β-globin (for total DNA) and SRY (for fetal DNA) genes. The differences in the β-globin and SRY DNA concentrations and the degree of variation between the various plasma aliquots were assessed statistically. Results: Different protocols of blood processing significantly affected the quantification and the day-to-day fluctuation of total (P &lt;0.001), but not fetal (quantification, P = 0.336; fluctuation, P = 0.206), DNA in maternal plasma. The quantitative difference could be attributed to the fact that efficacies of different protocols for generating cell-free plasma vary. Processing blood samples by centrifugation followed by filtration or microcentrifugation is effective in producing cell-free plasma. Conclusions: Standardization in plasma-processing protocols is needed for maternal plasma DNA analysis, especially for quantification of total DNA in maternal plasma. Such preanalytic factors may also affect other applications of plasma DNA analysis.

scholarly journals Association of Methylation-Related Nutrient Intake and Status with Offspring DNA Methylation in Pregnant Women with and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016
Author(s):  
Xinyin Jiang ◽  
Chauntelle Jack-Roberts ◽  
Kaydine Edwards ◽  
Ella Gilboa ◽  
Ikhtiyor Djuraev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Objectives Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with alterations in DNA methylation in the placenta and offspring tissues. Nutrients participating in the methionine cycle (e.g., choline, betaine, folate, vitamin B12, methionine) influence the supply of methyl groups. The objective of this research was to determine whether maternal intake and status of these nutrients during pregnancy may interact with the GDM status to shape the offspring epigenome. Methods We conducted 3-day dietary recalls and collected blood samples from pregnant women with and without GDM (n = 22/group) to quantify methylation-related nutrient intakes and status. At delivery, we collected cord blood samples and measured global DNA methylation. Results GDM was associated with a 25% increase (P = 0.041) in global DNA methylation in the cord blood. Maternal choline intake (r = −0.602, P = 0.006) as well as cord blood methionine (r = −0.553, P = 0.014) and betaine (r = −0.566, P = 0.011) levels were negatively correlated with cord blood DNA methylation only in non-GDM women, while intakes and maternal blood levels of other methylation-related nutrients were not related to cord blood DNA methylation. Conclusions GDM and methyl nutrient intake/status interact to modify offspring DNA methylation in humans. Funding Sources Egg Nutrition Center.

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