scholarly journals Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Milk of Gestational Diabetic Mothers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Jolanta Lis-Kuberka ◽  
Marta Berghausen-Mazur ◽  
Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Care ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of having a high-care newborn and has an impact on maternal wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the effect of GDM on the lactoferrin (LF), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional milk samples of hyperglycemic (n = 53) and normoglycemic (n = 49) mothers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of milk lactoferrin and SIgA, but not IgG and IgM, from hyperglycemic and normoglycemic mothers, showed a similar negative correlation with lactation from the first to the fifteenth day. Apart from early colostral IgG, there were no differences in concentrations of LF and immunoglobulins in milk from hyperglycemic and normoglycemic mothers. For hyperglycemia compensated by diet (GDM G1) or insulin treatment (GDM G2), slight differences were seen for LF and IgG, but not for SIgA and IgM, during an early stage of lactation only. Early colostral IgG and colostral LF of insulin-treated mothers were higher (10.01 ± 4.48 mg/L and 11.50 ± 0.58 g/L, respectively) than for diet-control diabetic mothers (7.65 ± 5.67 mg/L and 8.05 ± 1.38 g/L, respectively). GDM of mothers does not have a significant impact on immunological quality of early milk.

scholarly journals Early Confirmation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection by Two Short-Term Serologic IgM Examination

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ha Eun Jeon ◽  
Hyun Mi Kang ◽  
Eun Ae Yang ◽  
Hye Young Han ◽  
Seung Beom Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serologic Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Patient Selection Bias ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection

The aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the clinical application of two-times serologic immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests using microparticle agglutination assay (MAA), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection. A retrospective analysis of 62 children with MP pneumonia during a recent epidemic (2019–2020) was conducted. The MAA and ELISA immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG measurements were conducted twice at admission and around discharge, and MP PCR once at presentation. Diagnostic rates in each test were calculated at presentation and at discharge. The seroconverters were 39% (24/62) of patients tested by MAA and 29% (18/62) by ELISA. At presentation, the diagnostic positive rates of MAA, ELISA, and PCR tests were 61%, 71%, and 52%, respectively. After the second examination, the rates were 100% in both serologic tests. There were positive correlations between the titers of MAA and the IgM values of ELISA. The single serologic IgM or PCR tests had limitations to select patients infected with MP in the early stage. The short-term, paired IgM serologic tests during hospitalization can reduce patient-selection bias in MP infection studies.

scholarly journals Investigating Associations Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Endocrine Therapy Underuse in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e463-e473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Pinheiro ◽  
Stephanie B. Wheeler ◽  
Katherine E. Reeder-Hayes ◽  
Cleo A. Samuel ◽  
Andrew F. Olshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Purpose: Endocrine therapy (ET) underuse puts women at increased risk for breast cancer (BC) recurrence. Our objective was to determine if health-related quality of life (HRQOL) subgroups were associated with underuse. Methods: Data came from the third phase of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. We included 1,599 women with hormone receptor–positive BC age 20 to 74 years. HRQOL was measured, on average, 5 months postdiagnosis. Subgroups were derived using latent profile (LP) analysis. Underuse was defined as not initiating or adhering to ET by 36 months postdiagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) between HRQOL LPs and underuse. The best HRQOL LP was the reference. Chemotherapy- and race-stratified models were estimated, separately. Results: Initiation analyses included 953 women who had not begun ET by their 5-month survey. Of these, 154 never initiated ET. Adherence analyses included 1,114 ET initiators, of whom 211 were nonadherent. HRQOL was not significantly associated with noninitiation, except among nonchemotherapy users, with membership in the poorest LP associated with increased odds of noninitiation (adjusted OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 17.4). Membership in the poorest LPs was associated with nonadherence (LP1: adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0 and LP2: adjusted OR,1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.6). Membership in the poorest LP was associated with nonadherence among nonchemotherapy users (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.1). Conclusion: Our results suggest women with poor HRQOL during active treatment may be at increased risk for ET underuse. Focusing on HRQOL, a modifiable factor, may improve targeting of future interventions early in the BC continuum to improve ET initiation and adherence and prevent BC recurrence.

scholarly journals Psychological intervention based on psychoneuroimmunology improves clinical evolution, quality of life, and immunity of children with leukemia: A preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291983890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josymar Chacin-Fernández ◽  
Margarita Chacin Fuenmayor ◽  
Lorena Piñerua-Shuhaibar ◽  
Heberto Suarez-Roca
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Clinical Conditions

We conducted a non-randomized, open-label clinical trial to assess whether a psychoneuroimmunology-based intervention enhanced immunity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. In total, 16 children (44% female) received psychoneuroimmunology-based intervention, whereas 12 (50% female) received health psychoeducation (controls). The primary outcome was immunity markers, being clinical conditions the secondary outcome. Psychoneuroimmunology-based intervention increased immune markers (CD8+ T, B, and natural killer cells, serum immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M) and quality of life, whereas it shortens the duration of fever and use of antipyretics, antibiotics, analgesics, and respiratory therapy. Immunity markers correlated with clinical conditions. Thus, psychoneuroimmunology-based intervention could reduce hospital cost and increase patient well-being.

scholarly journals Two-Step Epstein-Barr Virus Immunoglobulin A Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay System for Serological Screening and Confirmation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi K. Paramita ◽  
Jajah Fachiroh ◽  
Sofia M. Haryana ◽  
Jaap M. Middeldorp
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC; WHO type III) is 100% associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and the fourth most prevalent cancer in Indonesian males. Therapy failure is high, since most patients come to the hospital at an advanced stage of disease. Screening for early-stage NPC is needed. Here, a simple and economical two-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system is proposed for diagnosing NPC in high-risk populations, employing the peptide-based immunoglobulin A (IgA) EBNA1 plus viral capsid antigen p18 ELISA as an initial screening test and the IgA early antigen (EA) ELISA using a different set of EBV antigens as a confirmation test. A total of 151 NPC patients and 199 regional healthy EBV carriers were used to evaluate the two-step ELISA approach. Routinely, EBV IgG immunoblotting is used as a standard confirmation test. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NPC by the two-step ELISA approach increased from 85.4% to 96.7% and 90.1% to 98%, respectively, with positive predictive values and negative predictive values increasing from 78.7 and 93.9% to 97.3 and 97.5%, respectively, relative to the immunoblotting confirmation system. On discrepant samples, additional testing was done by EBV DNA load quantification in blood. Results showed that 5/11 discrepant NPC samples with an elevated IgA EA ELISA also had elevated an EBV DNA load in the circulation (range, 3,200 to 25,820 copies/ml). Therefore, the IgA EA ELISA is proposed as a confirmation test in first-line NPC serological screening studies. This two-step EBV ELISA system provides a standardized approach for NPC screening and may be used in combination with dried blood sampling in future field studies for identification of early-stage NPC in high-risk regions.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity Is Associated With Increased Microbial Translocation in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Uninfected Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1438-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayoun Ramendra ◽  
Stéphane Isnard ◽  
John Lin ◽  
Brandon Fombuena ◽  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Gut Damage

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity and anti-CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels are associated with adverse health outcomes in elderly populations. Among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), CMV seropositivity has been associated with persistent CD8 T-cell elevation and increased risk of developing non-AIDS comorbidities despite long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). Herein, we investigated whether CMV seropositivity and elevation of anti-CMV IgG levels were associated with increased epithelial gut damage, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation. Methods A total of 150 PLWH (79 ART-naive and 71 ART-treated) were compared to 26 without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (uninfected controls). Plasma markers of HIV disease progression, epithelial gut damage, microbial translocation, nonspecific B-cell activation, anti-CMV and anti–Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG levels, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Results CMV seropositivity and elevated anti-CMV IgG levels were associated with markers of epithelial gut damage, microbial translocation, and inflammation in PLWH and participants without HIV infection. In contrast, total nonspecific IgG, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, and anti-EBV IgG levels were not associated with these markers. CMV seropositivity was associated with markers of epithelial gut damage, microbial translocation, and inflammation independent of sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of the study population. Conclusions CMV-seropositive people with and without HIV had increased epithelial gut damage, microbial translocation, and inflammation. Furthermore, anti-CMV IgG levels were independently associated with increased epithelial gut damage and microbial translocation. CMV coinfection may partially explain persistent gut damage, microbial translocation, and inflammation in ART-treated PLWH.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A-Specific Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Dengue Fever

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Talarmin ◽  
Bhety Labeau ◽  
Josiane Lelarge ◽  
Jean-Louis Sarthou
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Previous Infection

Dengue fever (DF) is usually diagnosed by testing for dengue virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) by a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (MAC-ELISA). However, IgM can last for months, and its presence might reflect a previous infection. We have tested the use of anti-dengue virus IgA capture ELISA (AAC-ELISA) for the diagnosis of DF by comparing the results of MAC-ELISAs and AAC-ELISAs for 178 serum samples taken from patients with confirmed cases of DF. IgM appears more rapidly (mean delay of positivity, 3.8 days after the onset of DF) than IgA (4.6 days) but lasts longer; the peak IgA titer is obtained on day 8. The specificity and the positive predictive value of AAC-ELISA are 100%; its sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) are also 100% between days 6 and 25 after the onset of DF, but they decrease drastically when data for tests conducted with specimens from the first days of infection are included, because the IgA titers, like the IgM titers, have not yet risen. AAC-ELISA is a simple method that can be performed together with MAC-ELISA and that can help in interprating DF serology.

scholarly journals Local and systemic antibody response to oral administration of glucosyltransferase antigen complex

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
D J Smith ◽  
M A Taubman ◽  
J L Ebersole
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
Incorporation Assay

The salivary and serum immune responses to orally administered glucosyltransferase antigen complex from Streptococcus mutants strain 6715 were investigated in hamsters. All enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the antibody quantity and isotype, and a [14C]glucosyl-labeled sucrose incorporation assay was used to measure functional inhibition of the enzyme. A total of 21 to 27 daily doses of antigen administered in hamster oral cavities elicited salivary immunoglobulin C and immunoglobulin A antibody responses and functional inhibitory activity. The salivary response increased throughout the immunization procedure, and the amount of salivary antibody was dependent upon the dose of antigen given. The salivary response to a second oral administration of antigen for 4 days showed some features of anamnesis. The response after a second antigen administration was detected sooner than the primary response, and somewhat higher levels of antibody and inhibitory activity were observed. Serum antibody (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M) and functional inhibitory responses were also elicited by oral administration of the soluble enzyme antigen. These responses were lower than responses induced by local injections of antigen in complete Freund adjuvant. The ability to evoke a salivary immune response to the glucosyltransferase antigen complex may increase the potential of using this antigen in an effective caries vaccine.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

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