scholarly journals Macronutrient Sensing in the Oral Cavity and Gastrointestinal Tract: Alimentary Tastes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Russell Keast ◽  
Andrew Costanzo ◽  
Isabella Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Basic Taste ◽  
Perceptual Independence ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
Fat Taste

There are numerous and diverse factors enabling the overconsumption of foods, with the sense of taste being one of these factors. There are four well established basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter; all with perceptual independence, salience, and hedonic responses to encourage or discourage consumption. More recently, additional tastes have been added to the basic taste list including umami and fat, but they lack the perceptual independence and salience of the basics. There is also emerging evidence of taste responses to kokumi and carbohydrate. One interesting aspect is the link with the new and emerging tastes to macronutrients, with each macronutrient having two distinct perceptual qualities that, perhaps in combination, provide a holistic perception for each macronutrient: fat has fat taste and mouthfeel; protein has umami and kokumi; carbohydrate has sweet and carbohydrate tastes. These new tastes can be sensed in the oral cavity, but they have more influence post- than pre-ingestion. Umami, fat, kokumi, and carbohydrate tastes have been suggested as an independent category named alimentary. This narrative review will present and discuss evidence for macronutrient sensing throughout the alimentary canal and evidence of how each of the alimentary tastes may influence the consumption of foods.

scholarly journals Melatonin: A Novel Indolamine in Oral Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chava ◽  
K. Sirisha
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Anti Oxidant

This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.

INTERACTION BETWEEN A FAMILY DOCTOR AND A DENTIST AT AN EARLY STAGE IN THE PREVENTION OF DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12(81)) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M. Ibragimov ◽  
Y. Heydarova ◽  
A. Alizade ◽  
L. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Relationship

This scientific article discusses the oral manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This problem is relevant both for dentists and family doctors. In medicine, for a long period of time, the relationship between diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract and their symptoms manifested in the oral cavity has been considered. Many scientists and physicians have dealt with this problem, their several opinions are presented in this article. There is a hypothesis among researchers that the oral cavity is a mirror in which all human diseases can be visible. In the oral cavity, most of the alterations occurring in the organism are manifested, due to which, with an attentive attitude to oral manifestations, the disease can be detected already at the initial stage.

Meal-related stimuli differentially induce c-Fos activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. R1315-R1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Emond ◽  
Gary J. Schwartz ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Meal Ingestion ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Feedback signals arising from the oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal tract contribute to the control of meal size. To assess how these signals are integrated at central sites involved in ingestive control, we compared levels of c-Fos activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP) in response to meal ingestion or gastric and duodenal infusions in the rat. Ingestion of a liquid diet to satiety induced significant fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) at multiple levels of the NTS and within the AP. The restriction of intake to one-half the normal ingestion of a rat did not result in significant FLI, although gastric infusion of this liquid diet volume did. Fast bolus infusion resulted in greater FLI than did the same volume infused at a rate to mimic that of normal ingestion. Prior experience with gastric infusions did not affect the amounts of FLI within the NTS or AP. In rats with pyloric cuffs blocking flow from the stomach to the intestine, combined gastric load and duodenal nutrient elicited significantly greater FLI than either gastric or duodenal infusions alone. These data demonstrate that neural activation arising from meal-related stimuli are integrated at the level of the NTS.

Endoscopic Treatment of Amyloidosis of the Nasopharynx

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Lesserson ◽  
Douglas G. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Localized Amyloidosis ◽  
Neck Area

Amyloidosis of the nasopharynx is a rare presentation of localized amyloidosis. The majority of systemic amyloidosis cases involve the heart, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and upper and lower respiratory tract. Localized amyloidosis involving only one site is less common, but has been observed in the head and neck area, particularly in the larynx or the oral cavity. Amyloidosis in the nasopharynx has been reported in only seven previous cases in the English literature.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE HEMANGIOMATOSE DISEASE INVOLVING GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: A CASE REPORT.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Clara Leticia Rocha Silva ◽  
Julia Artiaga de Carvalho Coelho ◽  
Isabella Vilane Braga Saboia Rythowem ◽  
Pedro Miranda Portugal Junior ◽  
Heloyse Nascimento Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Digestive Hemorrhage ◽  
Colon And Rectum

Hemangiomas are a type of benign vascular tumor, originated from angiogenesis disorders and prevalent in approximately 4% to 5% of the population. Among the most common complications are: ulcerations and bleeding, in cases of those located in the gastrointestinal tract; impairment of airways and vision; visceral complications; obstruction of the ear canal causing deficit in hearing; or problems in eating or in the emission of sounds due to its presence in the oral cavity. Colon and rectum hemangiomas are a rare cause of lower digestive hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the case of multiple hemangiomatose disease in an inpatient undergoing treatment at the Palmas General Public Hospital (HGPP).

scholarly journals Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal tract malignant diseases: From the oral cavity to rectum

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Yang-Che Kuo ◽  
Lo-Yip Yu ◽  
Horng-Yuan Wang ◽  
Ming-Jen Chen ◽  
Ming-Shiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Malignant Diseases

scholarly journals Umami as an ‘Alimentary’ Taste. A New Perspective on Taste Classification

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Hartley ◽  
Djin Liem ◽  
Russell Keast
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Basic Taste ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

Applied taste research is increasingly focusing on the relationship with diet and health, and understanding the role the sense of taste plays in encouraging or discouraging consumption. The concept of basic tastes dates as far back 3000 years, where perception dominated classification with sweet, sour, salty, and bitter consistently featuring on basic taste lists throughout history. Advances in molecular biology and the recent discovery of taste receptors and ligands has increased the basic taste list to include umami and fat taste. There is potential for a plethora of other new basic tastes pending the discovery of taste receptors and ligands. Due to the possibility for an ever-growing list of basic tastes it is pertinent to critically evaluate whether new tastes, including umami, are suitably positioned with the four classic basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter). The review critically examines the evidence that umami, and by inference other new tastes, fulfils the criteria for a basic taste, and proposes a subclass named ‘alimentary’ for tastes not meeting basic criteria.

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