scholarly journals Breastfeeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in Bangladesh (2004–2014)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Kingsley Agho ◽  
Tahmeed Ahmed ◽  
Catharine Fleming ◽  
Mansi Dhami ◽  
Chundung Miner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
At Home

Optimal breastfeeding practices among mothers have been proven to have health and economic benefits, but evidence on breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers in Bangladesh is limited. Hence, this study aims to estimate breastfeeding indicators and factors associated with selected feeding practices. The sample included 2554 children aged 0–23 months of adolescent mothers aged 12–19 years from four Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys collected between 2004 and 2014. Breastfeeding indicators were estimated using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators. Selected feeding indicators were examined against potential confounding factors using univariate and multivariate analyses. Only 42.2% of adolescent mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, 53% exclusively breastfed their infants, predominant breastfeeding was 17.3%, and 15.7% bottle-fed their children. Parity (2–3 children), older infants, and adolescent mothers who made postnatal check-up after two days were associated with increased exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Adolescent mothers aged 12–18 years and who watched television were less likely to delay breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of birth. Adolescent mothers who delivered at home (adjusted OR = 2.63, 95% CI:1.86, 3.74) and made postnatal check-up after two days (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.30) were significantly more likely to delay initiation breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Adolescent mothers living in the Barisal region and who listened to the radio reported increased odds of predominant breastfeeding, and increased odds for bottle-feeding included male infants, infants aged 0–5 months, adolescent mothers who had eight or more antenatal clinic visits, and the highest wealth quintiles. In order for Bangladesh to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 3 by 2030, breastfeeding promotion programmes should discourage bottle-feeding among adolescent mothers from the richest households and promote early initiation of breastfeeding especially among adolescent mothers who delivered at home and had a late postnatal check-up after delivery.

scholarly journals Time trends and determinants of breastfeeding practices among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, 2003–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e002516
Author(s):  
Lenka Benova ◽  
Manahil Siddiqi ◽  
Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde ◽  
Okikiolu Badejo
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices

IntroductionOptimal breastfeeding practices have far-reaching health and economic benefits. Evidence suggests disparities in breastfeeding practices by maternal age-groups, with younger mothers often having lower rates of breastfeeding initiation, continuation and exclusivity compared with older mothers. There is limited knowledge of trends and factors associated with breastfeeding practices, particularly among adolescent and younger mothers in Nigeria. We examine key breastfeeding practices in Nigeria over a 15-year period, comparing adolescent mothers to young women.MethodsWe used four Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys collected between 2003 and 2018. We constructed six key breastfeeding indicators to cover the time period of breastfeeding from initiation to child age 24 months in women of three maternal age groups at the time of birth: young adolescents (<18 years), older adolescents (18–19.9 years) and young women (20–24.9 years). We used logistic regression to examine the association between maternal age group and select breastfeeding behaviours on the 2018 survey.ResultsAnalysis showed an increase in optimal breastfeeding practices across the four surveys and among all maternal age groups examined. Adolescent mothers had consistently lower prevalence for three of the six key breastfeeding indicators: early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding <6 months and no prelacteal feed. Compared with young women, adolescent mothers had a higher prevalence of continued breastfeeding at 1 and 2 years. In multivariate analysis, we found that maternal age group was not associated with early breastfeeding initiation or with exclusive breastfeeding <6 months. However, several sociodemographic (ethnicity, region of residence) and healthcare-related (mode of delivery, antenatal care, postnatal breastfeeding counselling) factors were strongly associated with these two practices.ConclusionsIn Nigeria, there is need to better support breastfeeding and nutritional practices in adolescents and young women focusing on ethnic groups (Hausa, Fulani, Kanuri/Beriberi) and geographic regions (South East) that are lagging behind.

scholarly journals Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004–2014)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The growing rates of obesity in developing countries are alarming. There is a paucity of evidence about disparities of obesity in Lesotho. This study examined socioeconomic and area-based inequalities in obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho. Methods Data were extracted from the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS) and analyzed through the recently updated Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) of the World Health Organization. Obesity prevalence was disaggregated by four equity stratifiers, namely education, wealth, residence and sub-national region. For each equity stratifier, simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures were calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance of findings. Results We noticed substantial wealth-driven (D = -21.10, 95% CI; − 25.94, − 16.26), subnational region (PAR = -11.82, 95%CI; − 16.09, − 7.55) and urban-rural (− 9.82, 95% CI; − 13.65, − 5.99) inequalities in obesity prevalence without the inequalities improved over time in all the studied years. However, we did not identify educational inequality in obesity. Conclusions Wealth-driven and geographical inequalities was identified in Lesotho in all the studied time periods while education related inequalities did not appear during the same time period. All population groups in the country need to be reached with interventions to reduce the burden of obesity in the country.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Patterns in India Stratified by Zones, Age, Region, BMI and Implications for COVID-19: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199850
Author(s):  
Vivek Podder ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Patil S. Suchitra ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physically Inactive ◽  
At Home

Rationale: India has a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which can be lowered by regular physical activity. To understand this association, recent population data is required which is representative of all the states and union territories of the country. Objective: We aimed to investigate the patterns of physical activity in India, stratified by zones, body mass index (BMI), urban, rural areas, and gender. Method: We present the analysis of physical activity status from the data collected during the phase 1 of a pan-India study. This ( Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata 2017) was a multicenter pan-India cluster sampled trial with dual objectives. A survey to identify all individuals at a high risk for diabetes, using a validated instrument called the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), was followed by a two-armed randomized yoga-based lifestyle intervention for the primary prevention of diabetes. The physical activity was scored as per IDRS (vigorous exercise or strenuous at work = 0, moderate exercise at home/work = 10, mild exercise at home/work = 20, no exercise = 30). This was done in a selected cluster using a mobile application. A weighted prevalence was calculated based on the nonresponse rate and design weight. Results: We analyzed the data from 2,33,805 individuals; the mean age was 41.4 years (SD 13.4). Of these, 50.6% were females and 49.4% were males; 45.8% were from rural areas and 54% from urban areas. The BMI was 24.7 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 . Briefly, 20% were physically inactive and 57% of the people were either inactive or mildly active. 21.2% of females were found physically inactive, whereas 19.2% of males were inactive. Individuals living in urban localities were proportionately more inactive (21.7% vs. 18.8%) or mildly active (38.9% vs. 34.8%) than the rural people. Individuals from the central (29.6%) and south zones (28.6%) of the country were also relatively inactive, in contrast to those from the northwest zone (14.2%). The known diabetics were found to be physically inactive (28.3% vs. 19.8%) when compared with those unaware of their diabetic status. Conclusion: 20% and 37% of the population in India are not active or mildly active, respectively, and thus 57% of the surveyed population do not meet the physical activity regimen recommended by the World Health Organization. This puts a large Indian population at risk of developing various NCDs, which are being increasingly reported to be vulnerable to COVID-19 infections. India needs to adopt the four strategic objectives recommended by the World Health Organization for reducing the prevalence of physical inactivity.

scholarly journals Adolescent mothers’ utilisation of reproductive health services in the Gauteng province of the republic of South Africa

Curationis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Ehlers ◽  
T Maja ◽  
E Sellers ◽  
M Gololo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

A financial grant was received from the World Health Organization (WHO) during 1998 to establish whether adolescent mothers (aged 19 or younger at the birth of their babies) utilized contraceptive, emergency contraceptive and termination of pregnancy (TOP) services in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). This report refers to data obtained from 111 questionnaires completed by dolescent mothers between January 2000 and May 2000 in the Gauteng Province; 61 in the Pretoria and 50 in the Garankuwa areas, and excluding the 12 completed questionnaires used foi pretesting the research instrument. The biographic data of the 111 adolescent mothers indicated that the minority were married, employed or earned sufficient income to care for themselves and their babies. However, the minority used contraceptives prior to conception, none used emergency contraceptives or termination of pregnancy (TOP) services. The minority attended ante-natal clinics five or more times during their pregnancies, and a negligible number indicated that they had ever been treated for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). These findings indicate that the 111 adolescent mothers in Gauteng who participated in this survey did not make optimum use of the available reproductive health (RH) care services. Education about sex, pregnancy and contraceptives should commence at the age of 10, but no later than the age of 12 as the majority of respondents did not have the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions about their futures. The accessibility of contraceptive, emergency contraceptive and TOP services for adolescents should be investigated in specific areas and attempts made to enhance such accessi- bility. This might necessitate offering these services over weeker| ds or during evenings when school girls could attend without fear of meeting their mothers, aunts or teachers at these clinics.

scholarly journals Geographic Inequalities in Accessing Improved Water and Sanitation Facilities in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jing Pan ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Ram Bilash Yadav ◽  
Dechao Yao
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Health Organization

In this study, we aimed to assess the geographic inequalities in access to improved water and sanitation facilities among Nepalese households. We conducted this study based on cross-sectional data obtained from Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys. The quality of water sources and sanitation were defined by World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The geographic categories used in the analyses included developmental region, ecological zone, and urbanicity. Percentages of households having access to improved toilet (5.6% in 1996 vs. 40.5% in 2016) and water (19.3% in 1996 vs. 27% in 2016) facilities has been increasing steadily since 1996 with a great proportion of the households still lacking access to these services. The number of households sharing the same toilet and traveling time to reach water sources have also decreased at the same time. Households in Far Western and Mountains had the lowest odds of having access to improved toilet and water facilities. Noticeable progress has been achieved in improving WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) coverage at national level, however, it is uneven across developmental and ecological zones. Households in the Far Western and Mountain regions appeared to be the most geographically disadvantaged in terms of having access to improved water and sanitation facilities.

scholarly journals BREASTFEEDING EXPERIENCES OF WORKING MOTHERS IN VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Truong Xuan ◽  
Nhan Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: World Health Organization recommends mothers all over the world should continue breastfeeding up to the age of two years or beyond to achieve optimal health, growth and development for their infants. However, the breastfeeding practices among working mothers have been decreased by the time passed.Objective: to describe the breastfeeding experiences of mothers who returned to work after childbirth.Methods: This study was utilized a qualitative design. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participant who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview transcriptions were analyzed by using the qualitative content analysis approach.Results: The breastfeeding period of 10 working mothers ranging from 7 to 15 months. Five categories emerged from the data were: 1) Attitude towards breastfeeding, 2) Breastfeeding support during working, 3) Strategic plan for breastfeeding, 4) Psychological distress, and 5) A need for support facilities and resources for breastfeeding during working.Conclusion: This research provided a better understanding of breastfeeding experiences of working mothers in Vietnam. The findings can help nurses and other healthcare professionals in providing anticipatory guidance to mothers who plan to continue breastfeeding after returning to work.

scholarly journals Preschool Child Nutritional Status in Nepal in 2016 and Comparative Trends (P11-074-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela KC ◽  
Andrew Thorne-Lyman ◽  
Binod Shrestha ◽  
Swetha Manohar ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Child ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Feed The Future ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objectives Estimate the national and agro-ecological zonal prevalence of preschool child undernutrition and review temporal trends in the prevalence of undernutrition. Methods In 2016, we conducted the last in a series of 3 (also 2013 and 2014) nationally representative, annual, same-season, mixed-longitudinal nutrition surveys – PoSHAN Community Studies – in the same 21 Village Development Committees sampled across the Mountains, Hills and Tarai of Nepal. Height/length and weight measurements of 5479 children < 5 years were converted to z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) based on World Health Organization growth standards. Cut-offs of < -2 z-scores of HAZ and WHZ were applied to define stunting and wasting, respectively. Rates of stunting and wasting were compared to four Demographic and Health Surveys of Nepal (NDHS) from 2001–2016. Annual rates of decline in stunting and wasting were calculated. Results Preschool stunting and wasting rates from PoSHAN in 2016 were 34% [95% CI: 29.5 to 38.9%] and 13.7% [11.0 to 16.9%], similar to those observed in the 2016 NDHS: 35.8% [33.5 to 38.3%] and 9.7% [8.4 to 11.1%], respectively. Stunting was highest in the Mountains (40.6%), and wasting in the Tarai (18.9%). PoSHAN surveys revealed an annual decrease in the prevalence of stunting of 1.5% from 2013–2016 and 2.3% from 2011–2016, representing a lesser decline than in the earlier period of 2001–2011 (3.3%) (Figure 1 a). In contrast, neither series of surveys has revealed a marked decline in the national prevalence of wasting over the past 15 years (Figure 1 b). Conclusions The rates of stunting and wasting seen in the PoSHAN survey were comparable to other contemporary surveys in 2016 and suggest that the current rate of decline is inadequate to meet Nepal's 2025 World Health Assembly (WHA) target of reducing stunting to 26.5%. However, wasting has changed very little, threatening the potential to reach Nepal's national WHA target of 5%. Funding Sources Funded by USAID Feed the Future Nutrition Innovation Lab, with assistance from Sight and Life and The Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Maternal Depression and Breastfeeding Practices in the Maldives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheema Abdul Raheem ◽  
Hui Jun Chih ◽  
Colin William Binns
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices

Objectives: To assess associations between maternal depression and breastfeeding practices in mothers in the Maldives. Design: A prospective cohort study. The validated questionnaires contained information on demographics, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding duration, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess association between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score and breastfeeding practices while adjusting for lifestyle determinants. Cox regression was done to measure the association between maternal depression and breastfeeding duration. Settings: Antenatal clinic at Indira Gandhi Memorial and ADK Hospitals in Male’, Maldives. Subjects: A total of 458 mothers from the antennal clinics were interviewed at 36 weeks of gestation and again at 1, 3, and 6 months after birth. Results: Antenatal depression at 36 weeks of gestation was associated with late initiation of breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-6.8). Postnatal depression was associated with shorter duration of exclusive, full, and any breastfeeding ( P < .001). Conclusion. Depression is negatively associated with breastfeeding practices. There is a need to manage antenatal postnatal depression in mothers in order to encourage them to initiate breastfeeding earlier and to breastfeed for longer.

scholarly journals Assessing Breastfeeding Practices Objectively Using Stable Isotope Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Christine Slater ◽  
Pernille Kaestel ◽  
Lisa Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Health Organization

An objective method of assessing breastfeeding practices is required to evaluate progress toward the World Health Organization Global Target 2025: to increase exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in the first 6 months to at least 50% by 2025. Currently, assessment of EBF at the population level is based on mother or caregiver reporting, which risks recall and social desirability bias. A more objective method is the deuterium oxide dose to mother (DTM) technique, in which lactating mothers are given a small amount of deuterium-labeled water. The infant receives deuterium during breastfeeding, and a compartmental model is used to determine the amount of human milk consumed by the infant, and the exclusivity of breastfeeding practices. If the amount of human milk consumed by an infant is determined using the DTM technique and the concentration of nutritional components or potentially toxic contaminants is measured, then the infant’s intake of essential nutrients or environmental contaminants can be ascertained.

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