scholarly journals Potential of Caffeine in Alzheimer’s Disease—A Review of Experimental Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Piotr Londzin ◽  
Milena Zamora ◽  
Beata Kąkol ◽  
Aleksandra Taborek ◽  
Joanna Folwarczna
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Considering that pharmacological treatment options for AD are few and not satisfactory, increasing attention is being paid to dietary components that may affect the development of the disease. Such a dietary component may be caffeine contained in coffee, tea or energy drinks. Although epidemiological data suggest that caffeine intake may counteract the development of cognitive impairment, results of those studies are not conclusive. The aim of the present study is to review the existing experimental studies on the efficacy of caffeine against AD and AD-related cognitive impairment, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the reports of studies on experimental AD models generally supported the notion that caffeine may exert some beneficial effects in AD. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of caffeine in the effects of its sources on cognition and possibly AD risk.

scholarly journals Promoting Conversations About Cognitive Decline Between Older Adults and Primary Care Providers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Benjamin Olivari ◽  
Christopher Taylor ◽  
Nia Reed ◽  
Lisa McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Care Providers

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias often begin with symptoms of mild memory loss, eventually leading to more severe cognitive impairment, functional impairment, and ultimately, death. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System core questions related to chronic diseases and from the cognitive decline optional module on subjective cognitive decline (SCD) from the years 2015-2018 were aggregated across the participating 50 states, D.C., and Puerto Rico for this analysis. Among U.S. adults aged 65 years and older, only 39.8% (95%CI=37.6-42.1) of those experiencing SCD reported discussing their SCD symptoms with a healthcare provider. The prevalence of discussing SCD symptoms with a provider was higher among those with at least one chronic condition than among those with no chronic conditions. 30.7% (28.6-32.8) of those aged 65 years and older reported that their SCD led to functional limitations and 28.8% (26.5-31.2) needed assistance with day-to-day activities. For patients aged 65 years and older, Welcome to Medicare visits and Medicare Annual Wellness Visits are critically underutilized primary care access points. Primary care providers can manage chronic conditions, cognitive health, and initiate referrals for testing. Efforts to promote the use of toolkits and diagnostic codes that are available to primary care providers to initiate conversations about memory loss with patients may be utilized to improve detection, diagnosis, and planning for memory problems. Discussions may lead to earlier detection and diagnosis of cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer’s disease, or other treatable conditions such as delirium or pressure in the brain and avoid costly hospitalizations.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Amyloid-βProduction in Alzheimer’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zuo ◽  
Benjamin T. Hemmelgarn ◽  
Chia-Chen Chuang ◽  
Thomas M. Best
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

An increasing number of studies have proposed a strong correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress (OS) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With over five million people diagnosed in the United States alone, AD is the most common type of dementia worldwide. AD includes progressive neurodegeneration, followed by memory loss and reduced cognitive ability. Characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques as a hallmark, the connection between ROS and AD is compelling. Analyzing the ROS response of essential proteins in the amyloidogenic pathway, such as amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase (BACE1), along with influential signaling programs of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), has helped visualize the path between OS and Aβoverproduction. In this review, attention will be paid to significant advances in the area of OS, epigenetics, and their influence on Aβplaque assembly. Additionally, we aim to discuss available treatment options for AD that include antioxidant supplements, Asian traditional medicines, metal-protein-attenuating compounds, and histone modifying inhibitors.

scholarly journals Probiotics Fermentation Technology, a Novel Kefir Product, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nesrine S. El Sayed ◽  
Esraa A. Kandil ◽  
Mamdooh H. Ghoneum
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fermentation Technology

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. Gut microbiota dysfunction (dysbiosis) is implicated in the pathology of AD and is associated with several detrimental consequences, including neurotransmitter depletion, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and insulin resistance, which all contribute to the onset of AD. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Probiotics Fermentation Technology (PFT), a kefir product, in alleviating AD symptoms via regulation of the gut microbiota using a streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced AD mouse model and to compare its activity with simvastatin, which has been proven to effectively treat AD. Mice received one intracerebroventricular injection of STZ (3 mg/kg). PFT (100, 300, 600 mg/kg) and simvastatin (20 mg/kg) were administered orally for 3 weeks. PFT supplementation mitigated STZ-induced neuronal degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus, restored hippocampal acetylcholine levels, and improved cognition in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were accompanied by reductions in oxidative damage, proinflammatory cytokine expression, apoptosis, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, PFT hindered amyloid plaque accumulation via the enhancement of insulin-degrading enzyme. These beneficial effects were comparable to those produced by simvastatin. The results suggest that PFT can alleviate AD symptoms by regulating the gut microbiota and by inhibiting AD-related pathological events.

Technological prospecting of music therapy in Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e443101622316
Author(s):  
Murilo Bastos ◽  
Kelby Cavalheiro de Mendonça ◽  
Valquiria Camargo Lins ◽  
Eduardo Muzzolon ◽  
Deise Mara Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
The Subject

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment and progressive memory loss and drug treatments have limited efficacy. Thus, non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, have shown to be promising as supporting pharmacological treatment and, therefore, may arouse commercial interest regarding the development of this type of product. Thus, this study aims to carry out a patentometric survey on patent registrations with music therapy in the treatment of AD. A systematic search was carried out from 2000 to 2020 on the Orbti-Questel website, searching for documents referring to music therapies in AD. The terms “Alzheimer music methodology active therapy” and “Alzheimer music methodology passive therapy” were used. After searching, reading, and excluding duplicate results, we found four patent families referring to music therapy in AD and all were selected as a result, which was considered little compared to the number of studies published on the subject.

scholarly journals Autophagy and mitophagy biomarkers are reduced in sera of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Castellazzi ◽  
Simone Patergnani ◽  
Mariapina Donadio ◽  
Carlotta Giorgi ◽  
Massimo Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cellular Processes

AbstractDementia is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by a progressive memory loss and impairment in cognitive and functional abilities. Autophagy and mitophagy are two important cellular processes by which the damaged intracellular components are degraded by lysosomes. To investigate the contribution of autophagy and mitophagy in degenerative diseases, we investigated the serum levels of specific autophagic markers (ATG5 protein) and mitophagic markers (Parkin protein) in a population of older patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two hundred elderly (≥65 years) outpatients were included in the study: 40 (20 F and 20 M) with mild-moderate late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD); 40 (20 F and 20 M) affected by vascular dementia (VAD); 40 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI); 40 (20 F and 20 M) with “mixed” dementia (MD); 40 subjects without signs of cognitive impairment were included as sex-matched controls. Our data indicated that, in serum samples, ATG5 and Parkin were both elevated in controls, and that VAD compared with AD, MCI and MD (all p < 0.01). Patients affected by AD, MD, and MCI showed significantly reduced circulating levels of both ATG5 and Parkin compared to healthy controls and VAD individuals, reflecting a significant down-regulation of autophagy and mitophagy pathways in these groups of patients. The measurement of serum levels of ATG5 and Parkin may represent an easily accessible diagnostic tool for the early monitoring of patients with cognitive decline.

Microlinguistic aspects of the oral narrative in patients with Alzheimer's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Onofre de Lira ◽  
Karin Zazo Ortiz ◽  
Aline Carvalho Campanha ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci ◽  
Thaís Soares Cianciarullo Minett
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Lexical Errors

ABSTRACTBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Phonological, syntactic, semantic and discursive aspects of language may also be affected. Analysis of micro- and macrolinguistic abilities of discourse may assist in diagnosing AD. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the discourse (lexical errors and syntactic index) of AD patients.Methods: 121 elderly subjects narrated a story based on a seven-figure picture description.Results: Patients with AD presented more word-finding difficulties, revisions and repetitions, and the syntactic index was lower than controls.Conclusion: Performance in microlinguistics at the lexical and syntactic levels was lower than expected in participants with AD.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease with Ensemble Learning Classifier and 3D Convolutional Neural Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7634
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Shukuan Lin ◽  
Jianzhong Qiao ◽  
Yue Tu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Disease Diagnosis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss, possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to environments. It can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Therefore, early diagnosis of AD is conducive to better treatment and avoiding further deterioration of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the main tool for humans to study brain tissues. It can clearly reflect the internal structure of a brain and plays an important role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. MRI data is widely used for disease diagnosis. In this paper, based on MRI data, a method combining a 3D convolutional neural network and ensemble learning is proposed to improve the diagnosis accuracy. Then, a data denoising module is proposed to reduce boundary noise. The experimental results on ADNI dataset demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper improves the training speed of the neural network and achieves 95.2% accuracy in AD vs. NC (normal control) task and 77.8% accuracy in sMCI (stable mild cognitive impairment) vs. pMCI (progressive mild cognitive impairment) task in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

Vascular Cognitive Impairment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Karamchandani ◽  
Nancy R. Barbas
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Large Vessels

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to the spectrum of cognitive disturbances that result from cerebrovascular brain injury. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with multiple underlying pathologies. Risk factors, clinical features, and treatment options overlap with those associated with Alzheimer’s disease, another common cause of cognitive decline. The complexity of vascular cognitive impairment and, notably, the interplay between clinical, pathologic, genetic, and biomarker characteristics of VCI and Alzheimer’s disease are discussed. The chapter places an emphasis on vascular cognitive impairment resulting from disease affecting small vessels, in contrast to that due to disease involving large vessels, in an effort to focus on a large body of evolving work and ongoing attempts at improving understanding of this complex entity.

scholarly journals Research Biomarkers For The Diagnosis Of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3633-3636
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Neuronal Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuronal disease that is characterized by the loss of neurons and cognitive impairment. There is no definitive cure and current treatment options are focused more on reducing the damage caused by the disease and providing care for the patients. Early diagnosis of the disease will help in minimizing the damage and give better treatment options. In this review we try to analyze a few important risk factors and identify some biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which could be used for the diagnosis of AD

scholarly journals Approaches to Optimizing Dantrolene Neuroprotection for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Matan B. Abou ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Huafeng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dose Dependent

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder with high incidence and mortality, is leading its way to the top of the list of the deadliest diseases without an effective disease-modifying drug. Ca2+ dysregulation, specifically abnormal release of Ca2+ via over activated ryanodine receptor (RyR), has been increasingly considered as an alternative upstream mechanism in AD pathology. Consequently, dantrolene, a RyR antagonist and FDA approved drug to treat malignant hyperthermia and chronic muscle spasms, has been shown to ameliorate memory loss in AD transgenic mice. However, the inefficiency of dantrolene to pass the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and penetrate the Central Nervous System needs to be resolved, considering its dose-dependent neuroprotection in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this mini-review, we will discuss the current status of dantrolene neuroprotection in AD treatment and a strategy to maximize its beneficial effects, such as intranasal administration of dantrolene.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document