scholarly journals Creatine in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Jeffery R. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Health And Disease

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised. This systematic review assesses the peer-reviewed scientific and medical evidence related to creatine’s role in promoting general health as we age and how creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional strategy to help individuals recover from injury and/or manage chronic disease. Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.

scholarly journals Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia González
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds

In the last century, solid scientific evidence has demonstrated the role of nutritional compounds in the maintenance of health [...]

scholarly journals Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of severe COVID-19 in hypertensive patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (4) ◽  
pp. L596-L602
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pacheco Silva-Aguiar ◽  
Diogo Barros Peruchetti ◽  
Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco ◽  
Alvin H. Schmaier ◽  
Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Global Threat

A new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2), called COVID-19, has become a global threat in 2020. The mortality rate from COVID-19 is high in hypertensive patients, making this association especially dangerous. There appears to be a consensus, despite the lack of experimental data, that angiotensin II (ANG II) is linked to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This process may occur due to acquired deficiency of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulting in reduced degradation of ANG II. Furthermore, ANG II has a critical role in the genesis and worsening of hypertension. In this context, the idea that there is a surge in the level of ANG II with COVID-19 infection, causing multiple organ injuries in hypertensive patients becomes attractive. However, the role of other components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in this scenario requires elucidation. The identification of other RAS components in COVID-19 hypertension may provide both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits. Here, we summarize the pathophysiologic contributions of different components of RAS in hypertension and their possible correlation with poor outcome observed in hypertensive patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Systematic multi-level analysis of an organelle proteome reveals new peroxisomal functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden Yifrach ◽  
Duncan Holbrook-Smith ◽  
Jérôme Bürgi ◽  
Alaa Othman ◽  
Miriam Eisenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractSeventy years following the discovery of peroxisomes, their proteome remains undefined. Uncovering the complete peroxisomal proteome, the peroxi-ome, is crucial for understanding peroxisomal activities and cellular metabolism. We used high- content microscopy to uncover the peroxi-ome of the model eukaryote – Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This strategy enabled us to expand the known organellar proteome by ∼40% and paved the way for performing systematic, whole-organellar proteome assays. Coupled with targeted experiments this allowed us to discover new peroxisomal functions. By characterizing the sub-organellar localization and protein targeting dependencies into the organelle, we unveiled non-canonical targeting routes. Metabolomic analysis of the peroxi-ome revealed the role of several newly-identified resident enzymes. Importantly, we found a regulatory role of peroxisomes during gluconeogenesis, which is fundamental for understanding cellular metabolism. With the current recognition that peroxisomes play a crucial part in organismal physiology, our approach lays the foundation for deep characterization of peroxisome function in health and disease.

scholarly journals The critical role of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 1859 (9) ◽  
pp. 1558-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelske N. van der Veen ◽  
John P. Kennelly ◽  
Sereana Wan ◽  
Jean E. Vance ◽  
Dennis E. Vance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Health And Disease

The role of SLAM family receptors in immune cell signalingThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Ostrakhovitch ◽  
Shawn S.-C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Slam Family ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Selection Of

The signaling lymphocyte-activating molecule (SLAM) family immunoreceptors are expressed in a wide array of immune cells, including both T and B lymphocytes. By virtue of their ability to transduce tyrosine phosphorylation signals through the so-called ITSM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif) sequences, they play an important part in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. The critical role of the SLAM immunoreceptors in mediating normal immune reactions was highlighted in recent findings that SAP, a SLAM-associated protein, modulates the activities of various immune cells through interactions with different members of the SLAM family expressed in these cells. Importantly, mutations or deletions of the sap gene in humans result in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and survey the latest developments in signal transduction events triggered by the activation of SLAM family receptors in different cell types.

scholarly journals The Key Role of Uric Acid in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, Apoptosis, and Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Deng ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Yang ◽  
Yunlong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adverse Outcomes

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia that leads to numerous adverse outcomes including stroke, heart failure, and death. Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor that contributes to atrium injury and AF, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this review, we discussed the scientific evidence for clarifying the role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of AF. Experimental and Clinical evidence endorse hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for the incidence of AF. Various in vivo and in vitro investigations showed that hyperuricemia might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AF at different UA concentrations through the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and immunity.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery to Improve the Therapeutic Benefits of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Zerrin Sezgin-Bayindir ◽  
Sonia Losada-Barreiro ◽  
Carlos Bravo-Díaz ◽  
Matej Sova ◽  
Julijana Kristl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

The disadvantages of conventional anticancer drugs, such as their low bioavailability, poor targeting efficacy, and serious side effects, have led to the discovery of new therapeutic agents and potential drug delivery systems. In particular, the introduction of nano-sized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) has opened new horizons for effective cancer treatment. These are considered potential systems that provide deep tissue penetration and specific drug targeting. On the other hand, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-based anticancer treatment approaches have attracted tremendous attention and produced encouraging results. However, the lack of effective formulation strategies is one of the factors that hinder the clinical application of NRF2 modulators. In this review, we initially focus on the critical role of NRF2 in cancer cells and NRF2-based anticancer treatment. Subsequently, we review the preparation and characterization of NDDSs encapsulating NRF2 modulators and discuss their potential for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Creatine in the Heart: Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Maurizio Balestrino
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Creatine Transporter ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Heart Ischemia ◽  
Health And Disease

Creatine is a key player in heart contraction and energy metabolism. Creatine supplementation (throughout the paper, only supplementation with creatine monohydrate will be reviewed, as this is by far the most used and best-known way of supplementing creatine) increases creatine content even in the normal heart, and it is generally safe. In heart failure, creatine and phosphocreatine decrease because of decreased expression of the creatine transporter, and because phosphocreatine degrades to prevent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) exhaustion. This causes decreased contractility reserve of the myocardium and correlates with left ventricular ejection fraction, and it is a predictor of mortality. Thus, there is a strong rationale to supplement with creatine the failing heart. Pending additional trials, creatine supplementation in heart failure may be useful given data showing its effectiveness (1) against specific parameters of heart failure, and (2) against the decrease in muscle strength and endurance of heart failure patients. In heart ischemia, the majority of trials used phosphocreatine, whose mechanism of action is mostly unrelated to changes in the ergogenic creatine-phosphocreatine system. Nevertheless, preliminary data with creatine supplementation are encouraging, and warrant additional studies. Prevention of cardiac toxicity of the chemotherapy compounds anthracyclines is a novel field where creatine supplementation may also be useful. Creatine effectiveness in this case may be because anthracyclines reduce expression of the creatine transporter, and because of the pleiotropic antioxidant properties of creatine. Moreover, creatine may also reduce concomitant muscle damage by anthracyclines.

scholarly journals Blockade of glutamine-dependent cell survival augments antitumor efficacy of CPI-613 in head and neck cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Lang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Zhichun Ding ◽  
Xiangdong Zhao ◽  
Reid Loveless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Abstract Background Alterations in metabolism are one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer cells and targeting dysregulated cancer metabolism provides a new approach to developing more selective therapeutics. However, insufficient blockade critical metabolic dependencies of cancer allows the development of metabolic bypasses, thus limiting therapeutic benefits. Methods A series of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and animal models were used to determine the efficacy of CPI-613 and CB-839 when given alone or in combination. Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) depletion was achieved by lentiviral shRNAs. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined in HNSCC cells cultured in 2D culture dish and SeedEZ™ 3D scaffold. Molecular alterations were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Metabolic changes were assessed by glucose uptake, lactate production, glutathione levels, and oxygen consumption rate. Results We show here that HNSCC cells display strong addiction to glutamine. CPI-613, a novel lipoate analog, redirects cellular activity towards tumor-promoting glutaminolysis, leading to low anticancer efficacy in HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, CPI-613 inhibits the tricarboxylic acid cycle by blocking the enzyme activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, which upregulates GLS1 and eventually promotes the compensatory role of glutaminolysis in cancer cell survival. Most importantly, the addition of a GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 to CPI-613 treatment abrogates the metabolic dependency of HNSCC cells on glutamine, achieving a synergistic anticancer effect in glutamine-addicted HNSCC. Conclusions These findings uncover the critical role of GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis in CPI-613 treatment and suggest that the CB-839 and CPI-613 combination may potentiate synergistic anticancer activity for HNSCC therapeutic gain.

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