scholarly journals Is Serum BDNF Altered in Acute, Short- and Long-Term Recovered Restrictive Type Anorexia Nervosa?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Jonas L. Steinhäuser ◽  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Friederike I. Tam ◽  
Maria Seidel ◽  
Ronald Biemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Serum Bdnf ◽  
Restrictive Type

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of Anorexia nervosa (AN). The majority of previous studies reported lower BDNF levels in acutely underweight AN patients (acAN) and increasing levels after weight rehabilitation. Here, we investigated serum BDNF concentrations in the largest known AN sample to date, both before and after weight restoration therapy. Serum BDNF was measured in 259 female volunteers: 77 in-patient acAN participants of the restrictive type (47 reassessed after short-term weight rehabilitation), 62 individuals long-term recovered from AN, and 120 healthy controls. We validated our findings in a post-hoc mega-analysis in which we reanalyzed combined data from the current sample and those from our previous study on BDNF in AN (combined sample: 389 participants). All analyses carefully accounted for known determinants of BDNF (age, sex, storage time of blood samples). We further assessed relationships with relevant clinical variables (body-mass-index, physical activity, symptoms). Contrary to our hypotheses, we found zero significant differences in either cross-sectional or longitudinal comparisons and no significant relationships with clinical variables. Together, our study suggests that BDNF may not be a reliable state- or trait-marker in AN after all.

Insulin, glucose, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a test meal in restricting type anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. E1441-E1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly P. Kinzig ◽  
Janelle W. Coughlin ◽  
Graham W. Redgrave ◽  
Timothy H. Moran ◽  
Angela S. Guarda
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Relapse Rates

Prolonged malnutrition in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with alterations in endocrine function that may play a sustaining role in the disorder. We hypothesized that abnormalities in endocrine responses to ingestion of a meal in AN are reversible and depend on weight restoration. We measured meal-induced endocrine responses in AN subjects at three time points during hospitalization: before refeeding ( n = 13, mean BMI 16.7 kg/m2), after 2 wk of refeeding (mean BMI 18.0 kg/m2), and in the weight-restored state (mean BMI 20.3 kg/m2). Control subjects ( n = 13, BMI 19–24.9 kg/m2) were tested once. Tests were 2.5-h sessions in which blood was drawn every 15 min before, during, and after a ∼650-kcal test breakfast. Relative to controls, peak levels of glucose were depressed and peak levels of insulin in response to ingestion of the test meal were delayed, with response patterns in the third trial most similar to controls. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels were increased in AN relative to controls regardless of weight status. The delay in insulin release and elevated PP levels did not correct with short-term refeeding and may contribute to the high relapse rates and maintenance of AN.

Comparison between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and skinfolds thickness in assessing body fat in anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan El Ghoch ◽  
Marta Alberti ◽  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Nino Carlo Battistini ◽  
Massimo Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Restoration

Use of Fluoxetine in Anorexia Nervosa Before and After Weight Restoration

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamielynn C. Sebaaly ◽  
Stephanie Cox ◽  
Caitlin M. Hughes ◽  
M. Lindsey Hedgepeth Kennedy ◽  
Shauna S. Garris
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Restoration

scholarly journals Discharge Body Mass Index, Not Illness Chronicity, Predicts 6-Month Weight Outcome in Patients Hospitalized With Anorexia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham W. Redgrave ◽  
Colleen C. Schreyer ◽  
Janelle W. Coughlin ◽  
Laura K. Fischer ◽  
Allisyn Pletch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
The Impact

Proposed treatments for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN) focus on quality of life, and psychological and social functioning. By de-emphasizing weight restoration as a priority, however, premature diagnosis of SE-AN may reduce potential for recovery. The present study assessed the effect of weight restoration, illness duration, and severity on treatment outcome 6 months after discharge from an intensive, meal-based behavioral treatment program. Participants included hospitalized adult women (N = 191) with AN or underweight other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). Participants were characterized as short-term (ill <7 years; n = 74) or long-term ill (ill ≥ 7 years; n = 117). Compared with short-term ill, long-term ill patients were older, had lower lifetime body mass index (BMI), more prior admissions, and exhibited greater depression and neuroticism. Long-term vs. short-term ill patients gained weight at the same rate (~2 kg/wk) and were equally likely to be weight restored by discharge (>75% reached BMI ≥ 19 kg/m2 in both groups). At 6-month follow-up (n = 99), both groups had equivalent self-reported BMI, and depression, drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and bulimia scores. The only predictor of BMI ≥ 19 kg/m2 at follow-up was discharge BMI. The likelihood of a BMI ≥ 19 kg/m2 at follow-up was 5-fold higher for those with discharge BMI ≥ 19 kg/m2. Few studies of long-term ill inpatients with AN have examined the impact of full weight restoration on short-term outcomes. This study supports the therapeutically optimistic stance that, regardless of illness duration, hospitalized patients with AN benefit from gaining weight to a BMI ≥ 19 kg/m2.

scholarly journals Quantifying long-term evolution of intra-urban spatial interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (102) ◽  
pp. 20141089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Jian Gang Jin ◽  
Kay W. Axhausen ◽  
Der-Horng Lee ◽  
Manuel Cebrian
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Spatial Interactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Line Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatial Reorganization ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the long-term impact that changes in a city's transportation infrastructure have on its spatial interactions remains a challenge. The difficulty arises from the fact that the real impact may not be revealed in static or aggregated mobility measures, as these are remarkably robust to perturbations. More generally, the lack of longitudinal, cross-sectional data demonstrating the evolution of spatial interactions at a meaningful urban scale also hinders us from evaluating the sensitivity of movement indicators, limiting our capacity to understand the evolution of urban mobility in depth. Using very large mobility records distributed over 3 years, we quantify the impact of the completion of a metro line extension: the Circle Line (CCL) in Singapore. We find that the commonly used movement indicators are almost identical before and after the project was completed. However, in comparing the temporal community structure across years, we do observe significant differences in the spatial reorganization of the affected geographical areas. The completion of CCL enables travellers to re-identify their desired destinations collectively with lower transport cost, making the community structure more consistent. These changes in locality are dynamic and characterized over short timescales, offering us a different approach to identify and analyse the long-term impact of new infrastructures on cities and their evolution dynamics.

scholarly journals Assessment of gene expression in peripheral blood using RNAseq before and after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjung Kim ◽  
Sara E. Trace ◽  
James J. Crowley ◽  
Kimberly A. Brownley ◽  
Robert M. Hamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Restoration

scholarly journals Zika seroprevalence declines and neutralizing antibodies wane in adults following outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair D Henderson ◽  
Maite Aubry ◽  
Mike Kama ◽  
Jessica Vanhomwegen ◽  
Anita Teissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titres

It has been commonly assumed that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection confers long-term protection against reinfection, preventing ZIKV from re-emerging in previously affected areas for several years. However, the long-term immune response to ZIKV following an outbreak remains poorly documented. We compared results from eight serological surveys before and after known ZIKV outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We found evidence of a decline in seroprevalence in both countries over a two-year period following first reported ZIKV transmission. This decline was concentrated in adults, while high seroprevalence persisted in children. In the Fiji cohort, there was also a significant decline in neutralizing antibody titres against ZIKV, but not against dengue viruses that circulated during the same period.

Dynamic changes in white matter microstructure in anorexia nervosa: findings from a longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 1555-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina von Schwanenflug ◽  
Dirk K. Müller ◽  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Franziska Ritschel ◽  
Fabio Bernardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundGray matter (GM) ‘pseudoatrophy’ is well-documented in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but changes in white matter (WM) are less well understood. Here we investigated the dynamics of microstructural WM brain changes in AN patients during short-term weight restoration in a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional study design.MethodsDiffusion-weighted images were acquired in young AN patients before (acAN-Tp1, n = 56) and after (acAN-Tp2, n = 44) short-term weight restoration as well as in age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 60). Images were processed using Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) across groups and timepoints.ResultsIn the cross-sectional comparison, FA was significantly reduced in the callosal body in acAN-Tp1 compared with HC, while no differences were found between acAN-Tp2 and HC. In the longitudinal arm, FA increased with weight gain in acAN-Tp2 relative to acAN-Tp1 in large parts of the callosal body and the fornix, while it decreased in the right corticospinal tract.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that dynamic, bidirectional changes in WM microstructure in young underweight patients with AN can be reversed with brief weight restoration therapy. These results parallel those previously observed in GM and suggest that alterations in WM in non-chronic AN are also state-dependent and rapidly reversible with successful intervention.

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