scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Probiotics for Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Tadashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Shoji Tsuji ◽  
Shohei Akagawa ◽  
Yuko Akagawa ◽  
Jiro Kino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
To Receive

We previously reported that a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut is a potential cause of regulatory T cell (Treg) abnormalities in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Therefore, we hypothesized that administration of butyrate-producing bacteria might reduce INS relapse and the need for immunosuppressants in these patients. Twenty patients in remission from INS (median age 5.3 years, 15 boys) were enrolled in the study and assigned to receive either daily oral treatment with a preparation of 3 g Clostridium butyricum or no probiotic treatment. The number of relapses and requirement for immunosuppressive agents were compared between the two groups. In the probiotic treatment group, analyses of the gut microbiota and Treg measurements were also performed. Probiotic-treated patients experienced fewer INS relapses per year compared with non-probiotic-treated patients (p = 0.016). Further, administration of rituximab in the probiotic treatment group was significantly less frequent compared with the non-probiotic-treated group (p = 0.025). In the probiotic treatment group, analyses before and after probiotic treatment revealed the significant increases in the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (p = 0.017) and blood Treg counts (p = 0.0065). Thus, oral administration of butyrate-producing bacteria during INS remission may reduce the frequency of relapse and the need for immunosuppressive agents.

scholarly journals The Composition and Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Children Is Modifiable by the Household Dogs: Impact of a Canine-Specific Probiotic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Mira Forsgren ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Merja Nermes ◽  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Probiotic Intervention ◽  
Probiotic Product ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The development of the infant gut microbiota is initiated during pregnancy and continued through early life and childhood, guided by the immediate environment of the child. Our aim was to characterize the shared microbiota between dogs and children as well as to determine whether introduction to dogs of a dog-specific probiotic combination modifies the transfer process. We studied 31 children from allergic families with pet dog(s) and 18 control families without a dog. Altogether 37 dogs were randomized for a 4-week period in a double-blind design to receive canine-derived probiotic product containing a mixture of L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus, or placebo. Fecal samples from children and dogs were taken before and after the treatment. Distinctive gut microbiota composition was observed in children with dogs compared to those without a dog, characterized by higher abundance of Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae. Probiotic intervention in dogs had an impact on the composition of the gut microbiota in both dogs and children, characterized by a reduction in Bacteroides. We provide evidence for a direct effect of home environment and household pets on children microbiota and document that modification of dog microbiota by specific probiotics is reflected in children’s microbiota.

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Children with Relapsing Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Tsuji ◽  
Chikushi Suruda ◽  
Masaki Hashiyada ◽  
Takahisa Kimata ◽  
Sohsaku Yamanouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background: While the etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (idiopathic nephrotic syndrome [INS]; characterized by repeated relapses and comorbid allergic conditions) remains unknown, recent evidence suggests that dysfunction in regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays an important role in the development of INS as well as allergic diseases. We hypothesized that dysbiosis involving decreased butyric acid-producing gut microbiota leads to defective induction and differentiation of peripherally induced Tregs, resulting in INS relapse. Methods: Study subjects were 12 children with INS, 8 classified as relapsing (R group; median age: 3.0 years) and 4 as non-relapsing (NR group; median age: 4.3 years), and 11 healthy children (HC group; median age: 5.1 years) serving as normal controls. Measurement of microbiota was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic analysis, and fecal butyric acid was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Flow-cytometric analysis of Tregs and CD4-positive (CD4+) cells in peripheral blood was also performed. Results: Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota using feces showed that the proportion of butyric acid-producing bacteria was significantly lower in R (median 6.36%) than HC (median 18.84%; p = 0.0013), but no different between NR (median 16.71%) and HC (p = 0.29). Fecal organic acid analysis revealed significantly lower butyric acid quantities in R than HC (medians: 0.48 vs. 0.99 mg/g, p = 0.042). Circulating Tregs as a proportion of CD4+ cells were decreased in 75% of R and NR. Conclusion: Pediatric relapsing INS patients show gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by a decreased proportion of butyric acid-producing bacteria and lower fecal butyric acid quantities, concomitant with reduced circulatory Tregs.

scholarly journals Involvement of Hemopexin in the Pathogenesis of Proteinuria in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3160
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pukajło-Marczyk ◽  
Danuta Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Serum And Urine

Hemopexin (Hpx) is considered a factor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum and urine values of Hpx (sHpx and uHpx) in children with INS, analyze the role of Hpx, and assess its usefulness as a marker of the disease course. 51 children with INS and 18 age-matched controls were examined. Patients were divided into subgroups depending on the number of relapses (group IA—the first episode of INS, group IB—with relapses) and according to method of treatment (group IIA treated with gluco-corticosteroids (GCS), group IIB treated with GCS and other immunosuppressants). Hpx concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). sHpx and uHpx values in relapse were elevated in the whole INS group versus controls (p < 0.000). In remission their levels decreased, but still remained higher than in the control group (p < 0.000). In group IB uHpx levels were increased during remission as compared to group IA (p < 0.006). No significant impact of immuno-suppressants on sHpx was observed, but uHpx excretion in group IIA was higher in relapse (p < 0.026) and lower in remission (p < 0.0017) as compared to group IIB. The results suggest the role of Hpx in the pathogenesis of INS. Hpx may be a useful indicator for continuation of treatment, but it requires confirmation by further controlled studies.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: role of regulatory T cells and gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Tsuji ◽  
Shohei Akagawa ◽  
Yuko Akagawa ◽  
Tadashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Jiro Kino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile in Adult Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hanchang He ◽  
Minwa Lin ◽  
Lu You ◽  
Tongqing Chen ◽  
Zijie Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There is lack evidence of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in adults with INS, however. Here, we to address the association between the gut microbiome and INS. Methods. Stool samples of 35 adult INS patients and 35 healthy volunteers were collected. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. The fecal microbiome was analyzed using bioinformatics. The correlation analysis between altered taxa and clinical parameters was also included. Results. We found that microbial diversity in the gut was reduced in adult patients with INS. Acidobacteria, Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Dialister, Rombousia, Ruminiclostridium, Lachnospira, Alloprevotella, Clostridium sensu stricto, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium were significantly reduced, while Pasteurellales, Parabacteroides, Bilophila, Enterococcus, Eubacterium ventriosum, and Lachnoclostridium were markedly increased in patients with INS. In addition, Burkholderiales, Alcaligenaceae, and Barnesiella were negatively correlated with serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen levels were positively correlated with Christensenellaceae, Bacteroidales_S24.7, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, but were negatively correlated with Flavonifractor_plautii and Erysipelatoclostridium_ramosum. Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Escherichia/Shigella, Parabacteroides, and Escherichia_coli were positively correlated with albumin. Proteinuria was positively correlated with Verrucomicrobia, Coriobacteriia, Thermoleophilia, Ignavibacteria, Coriobacteriales, Nitrosomonadales, Coriobacteriaceae, and Blautia, but was negatively correlated with Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, and Alcaligenaceae. Conclusion. Our findings show compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota in adult patients with INS and correlations between significantly altered taxa and clinical parameters, which points out the direction for the development of new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches targeted intestinal microbiota.

Role of gut microbiota in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kaneko ◽  
Shoji Tsuji ◽  
Takahisa Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Adrenocortical Insufficiency and Relapsing in the Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome of Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
Seppo Leisti ◽  
Jussi Vilska ◽  
Niilo Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Insulin Test ◽  
Group Ii

Twenty-five children with "minimal change" idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) were given ACTH tests before, during, and after prednisone medication (total of 55 medication episodes). Most had insulin tests, too. Continuous medication caused a significant decrease in the responses of all children. A significant recovery was universally evident already at the end of intermittent medication. No further consistent change was observed during remission six months later. Both before and at the end of the medication, one third of the children had subnormal responses. The children were grouped according to the length of the ensuing remission: group I, &lt; 0.5 year; group II, 0.5 to 1.0 year; group III, &gt; 1.0 year. Both before and after medication the basal plasma cortisol concentration and the responses to ACTH and insulin were significantly higher in group III than in group I. At the end of the medication the responses were also significantly higher in group II than in group I. A normal response predicted a &gt; 0.5-year remission and a subnormal response a &lt; 0.5-year remission. This was true for 20 of 27 responses to ACTH before medication, and for 23 of 27 responses at the end of the medication. For the insulin test, only the response at the end of the medication was significantly predictive (16 of 18). An analysis with the ACTH test of two to six consecutive relapses in 14 children confirmed the value of the adrenocortical state in predicting the length of remission. The postmedication tests were superior to the premedication tests in predictive value. Children with postmedication adrenocortical suppression should be detected and given an appropriate cortisol substitution until their adrenocortical function has normalized. Other schedules of glucocorticoid medication of INS should be evaluated for lesser adrenocortical suppression.

Comparative Study of Cefuroxime Axetil and Amoxycillin in the Treatment of Acute Sinusitis in General Practice

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Brodie ◽  
S. Knight ◽  
K. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cefuroxime Axetil ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Practice Study ◽  
To Receive

Cefuroxime axetil was compared with amoxycillin in the treatment of acute and acute on chronic sinusitis in a multicentre general practice study. A total of 160 patients were randomized to receive 250 mg cefuroxime axetil orally twice daily, or 250 mg amoxycillin orally three times daily for 10 days. Of the 45 assessable patients with acute sinusitis 43 (96%) were cured or improved using cefuroxime axetil compared with 49 (94%) of the assessable patients in the amoxycillin-treated group. In patients with acute on chronic sinusitis, cefuroxime axetil resulted in an 80% (16/20) cure or improvement, with a 68% (13/19) response in the case of amoxycillin. Adverse events were mainly gastro-intestinal and none was considered serious in either treatment group, although three patients receiving cefuroxime axetil were withdrawn from treatment. It is concluded that cefuroxime axetil is at least as clinically efficacious as amoxycillin in the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults.

Loss of the preconditioning effect of rosuvastatin during sustained therapy: a human in vivo study

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. H153-H158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Liuni ◽  
Mary Clare Luca ◽  
Tommaso Gori ◽  
John D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Administration Protocol

Studies have demonstrated that the acute administration of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors has protective effects in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Previously, we demonstrated that a single dose of rosuvastatin prevented IR-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans through a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism. Whether the chronic administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors provides similar protection remains controversial and is unknown in humans. Eighteen male volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of rosuvastatin (20 mg) or placebo. Twenty-four hours later, endothelium-dependent, radial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured before and after IR (15 min of upper arm ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion). In a separate protocol, 30 healthy volunteers were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive oral rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) and placebo, rosuvastatin, and celecoxib (100 mg bid) or placebo alone, all for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after the final administration of study medication, FMD was measured before and after IR. Pre-IR FMD was similar between groups in both protocols. In the acute administration protocol, rosuvastatin significantly prevented the blunting of FMD associated with IR (FMD pre-IR: 8.4 ± 1.3%; post-IR: 6.2 ± 1.3%; P = 0.01 ANOVA, treatment group interaction). In the daily administration protocol, IR significantly blunted FMD in the placebo group (FMD pre-IR: 7.5 ± 0.9%; post-IR: 3.3 ± 0.7%; P < 0.001). Chronic treatment with rosuvastatin did not modify this ischemic injury (FMD pre-IR: 6.9 ± 0.4%; post-IR: 1.6 ± 1.0%; P < 0.001; P = NS ANOVA, treatment group interaction). Similarly, FMD responses post-IR in volunteers receiving rosuvastatin and celecoxib did not significantly differ from placebo (FMD pre-IR: 8.3 ± 0.9%; post-IR: 2.1 ± 0.8%; P < 0.001; P = NS ANOVA, treatment group interaction). In contrast to acute administration, chronic rosuvastatin does not prevent the development of IR-induced endothelial dysfunction in normal humans.

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