scholarly journals Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Davide Serrano ◽  
Chiara Pozzi ◽  
Silvia Guglietta ◽  
Bruno Fosso ◽  
Mariano Suppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

Obesity and diet are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and microbiome could mediate this risk factor. To investigate this interaction, we performed a case–control study (34 CRC cases and 32 controls) and analyzed fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and sub-sequential shotgun analyses of genomic bacterial DNA to evaluate the role of microbiome and diet in CRC etiology, taking into account vitamin D and other risk biomarkers. Dietary habits were evaluated using a short questionnaire. Multivariate methods for data integration and mediation analysis models were used to investigate causal relationships. CRC cases were significantly more often deficient in vitamin D than controls (p = 0.04); FokI and CYP24A1 polymorphism frequency were different between cases and controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). A diet poor in fatty fish and rich in carbohydrates was found to be significantly associated with CRC risk (p = 0.011). The mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of the microbiome in mediating CRC risk—increasing levels of Bifidobacteria/Escherichia genera ratio, an indicator of “healthy” intestinal microbiome, can overcome the effect of diet on CRC risk (p = 0.03). This study suggests that microbiome mediates the diet effect on CRC risk, and that vitamin D, markers of inflammation, and adipokines are other factors to consider in order to achieve a better knowledge of the whole carcinogenic process.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

scholarly journals Vitamin D-rich marine Inuit diet and markers of inflammation – a population-based survey in Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Schæbel ◽  
E. C. Bonefeld-Jørgensen ◽  
P. Laurberg ◽  
H. Vestergaard ◽  
S. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Imported Foods

AbstractThe traditional Inuit diet in Greenland consists mainly of fish and marine mammals, rich in vitamin D. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory capacity but markers of inflammation have been found to be high in Inuit living on a marine diet. Yet, the effect of vitamin D on inflammation in Inuit remains unsettled. This led us to investigate the association between vitamin D and markers of inflammation in a population with a high intake of a marine diet. We studied 535 Inuit and non-Inuit living in West and East Greenland. Information concerning dietary habits was obtained by interview-based FFQ. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and chitinase-3-like protein 1(YKL-40). Participants were divided into three groups based on degree of intake of the traditional Inuit diet. The diet groups (Inuit diet/mixed diet/imported foods) were associated with vitamin D levels in serum (74·2, 69·8 and 52·9 nm; P < 0·001), hsCRP (1·6, 1·4 and 1·3 mg/l; P = 0·002) and YKL-40 (130, 95 and 61 ng/ml; P < 0·001), respectively. YKL-40 level decreased with rising vitamin D level in Inuit (Inuit diet P = 0·002; mixed diet P = 0·011). YKL-40 was lower in groups with higher vitamin D levels after adjusting for other factors known to influence inflammation (P < 0·001). This was not seen for hsCRP. In conclusion, vitamin D and markers of inflammation vary in parallel with the intake of the marine Inuit diet. Vitamin D levels were inversely associated with YKL-40 levels, but no association with hsCRP was found. The hypothesised anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D was not supported. Other factors in the marine diet may be speculated to influence inflammation.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Risk

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Ippokratis Messaritakis ◽  
Asimina Koulouridi ◽  
Maria Sfakianaki ◽  
Konstantinos Vogiatzoglou ◽  
Nikolaos Gouvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Thermus Aquaticus ◽  
Vdr Gene

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence risk and mortality. Vitamin D mediates its action through the binding of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and polymorphisms of the VDR might explain these inverse associations. The aim of the study was the investigation of the relevance of rs731236; Thermus aquaticus I (TaqI), rs7975232; Acetobacter pasteurianus sub. pasteurianus I (ApaI), rs2228570; Flavobacterium okeanokoites I (FokI) and rs1544410, Bacillus stearothermophilus I (BsmI) polymorphisms of the VDR gene to colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) and progression. Peripheral blood was obtained from 397 patients with early operable stage II/III (n = 202) and stage IV (n = 195) CRC. Moreover, samples from 100 healthy donors and 40 patients with adenomatous polyps were also included as control groups. Genotyping in the samples from patients and controls was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). A significant association was revealed between all four polymorphisms and cancer. Individuals with homozygous mutant (tt, aa, ff or bb) genotypes were more susceptible to the disease (p < 0.001). All of the mutant genotypes detected were also significantly associated with stage IV (p < 0.001), leading to significantly decreased survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, all four polymorphisms were significantly associated with KRAS (Kirsten ras oncogene) mutations and Toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9) genetic variants. In multivariate analysis, tt, aa and ff genotypes emerged as independent factors associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The detection of higher frequencies of the VDR polymorphisms in CRC patients highlights the role of these polymorphisms in cancer development and progression.

scholarly journals Role of the intestinal microbiome in colorectal cancer surgery outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelde Lauka ◽  
Elisa Reitano ◽  
Maria Clotilde Carra ◽  
Federica Gaiani ◽  
Paschalis Gavriilidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Surgery Outcomes ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Objectives Growing evidence supports the role of the intestinal microbiome in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancers, but its impact on colorectal cancer surgery outcomes is not clearly defined. This systematic review aimed to analyze the association between intestinal microbiome composition and postoperative complication and survival following colorectal cancer surgery. Methods A systematic review was conducted according to the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers searched the literature in a systematic manner through online databases, including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database, and Google Scholar. Human studies investigating the association between the intestinal microbiome and the short-term (anastomotic leakage, surgical site infection, postoperative ileus) and long-term outcomes (cancer-specific mortality, overall and disease-free survival) of colorectal cancer surgery were selected. Patients with any stage of colorectal cancer were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for case-control and cohort studies was used for the quality assessment of the selected articles. Results Overall, 8 studies (7 cohort studies and 1 case-control) published between 2014 and 2018 were included. Only one study focused on short-term surgical outcomes, showing that anastomotic leakage is associated with low microbial diversity and abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae families in the non-cancerous resection lines of the stapled anastomoses of colorectal cancer patients. The other 7 studies focused on long-term oncological outcomes, including survival and cancer recurrence. The majority of the studies (5/8) found that a higher level of Fusobacterium nucleatum adherent to the tumor tissue is associated with worse oncological outcomes, in particular, increased cancer-specific mortality, decreased median and overall survival, disease-free and cancer-specific survival rates. Also a high abundance of Bacteroides fragilis was found to be linked to worse outcomes, whereas the relative abundance of the Prevotella-co-abundance group (CAG), the Bacteroides CAG, and the pathogen CAG as well as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii appeared to be associated with better survival. Conclusions Based on the limited available evidence, microbiome composition may be associated with colorectal cancer surgery outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the intestinal microbiome as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer surgery and its possible clinical implications.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Villéger ◽  
Amélie Lopès ◽  
Guillaume Carrier ◽  
Julie Veziant ◽  
Elisabeth Billard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Target

Recently, preclinical and clinical studies targeting several types of cancer strongly supported the key role of the gut microbiota in the modulation of host response to anti-tumoral therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and even surgery. Intestinal microbiome has been shown to participate in the resistance to a wide range of anticancer treatments by direct interaction with the treatment or by indirectly stimulating host response through immunomodulation. Interestingly, these effects were described on colorectal cancer but also in other types of malignancies. In addition to their role in therapy efficacy, gut microbiota could also impact side effects induced by anticancer treatments. In the first part of this review, we summarized the role of the gut microbiome on the efficacy and side effects of various anticancer treatments and underlying mechanisms. In the second part, we described the new microbiota-targeting strategies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and physical activity, which could be effective adjuvant therapies developed in order to improve anticancer therapeutic efficiency.

The Protective Role of Vitamin D 3 in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in a Mouse Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S804
Author(s):  
Li Ma ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
Hong Lv ◽  
Hongying Wang ◽  
Jiaming QIan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Vitamin D 3

Role of nutrition in incidence and management of cancer therapy-induced diarrhea (CTID): HEAT (Health Eat and Toxicity) prospective interventional study and preliminary data.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18251-e18251
Author(s):  
Aurora Mirabile ◽  
Erika Vecchio ◽  
Stefania Falvella ◽  
Lucia Barbarini ◽  
Chiara Butti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase ◽  
P Value ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Strict Diet ◽  
Grade 3

e18251 Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) are at high risk of CTID influencing treatment outcome. The primary end-point of our study was the decrease of grade 3-4 (G3-4 from Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0) CTID incidence to 50% in respect to literature data. A predefined nutritional regimen was planned and administrated to each pts. In explorative analyses, we investigated the correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and CTID incidence and between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DpD) mutations and CTID. Methods: All mCRC pts undergoing chemotherapy (CT) with an expected G3-4 CTID incidence of about 17% were enrolled. During CT the nutritionist administered a predefined, slag free diet according to Italian Society of Human Nutrition indications and within World Cancer Research Found recommendations. Results: Fifty consecutive pts were enrolled within 11 months. Pts characteristics are summarized in the table. A significant decrease (p-value 0.00096; IC 95% 0.059) of G3-4 CTID incidence to 95% was obtained in respect to literature data. No CT modification or admissions/supportive care were needed. Due to strict diet adherence (96%) > 50% pts had no diarrhea and no one had G4 diarrhea. BMI improved in 35% over-weights and in 40% obese, no changes in normal-weights. The correlation analysis showed the decrease of CTID incidence with the increase of vitamin D levels, but did not reveal a relation between DpD mutations and diarrhea. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest a possible role of the diet on CTID prevention and a correlation with vitamin D levels. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals M1196 Combination Chemopreventive Therapy Against Colorectal Cancer With Polyethylene Glycol and Vitamin D: Role of Vitamin D Receptor and Cellular Genetic Composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-352
Author(s):  
Tina P. Ward ◽  
Ashish K. Tiwari ◽  
Dhananjay Kunte ◽  
Mart DeLaCruz ◽  
Yolanda Stypula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Genetic Composition

The role of calcium and vitamin D dietary intake on risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Lopez-Caleya ◽  
Luis Ortega-Valín ◽  
Tania Fernández-Villa ◽  
Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Martín-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies
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