scholarly journals Assessment of Inorganic Phosphate Intake by the Measurement of the Phosphate/Urea Nitrogen Ratio in Urine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
María Victoria Pendón-Ruiz de Mier ◽  
Noemí Vergara ◽  
Cristian Rodelo-Haad ◽  
María Dolores López-Zamorano ◽  
Cristina Membrives-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, it would be desirable to reduce the intake of inorganic phosphate (P) rather than limit the intake of P contained in proteins. Urinary excretion of P should reflect intestinal absorption of P(inorganic plus protein-derived). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the ratio of urinary P to urinary urea nitrogen (P/UUN ratio) helps identify patients with a high intake of inorganic P.A cross-sectional study was performed in 71 patients affected by metabolic syndrome with CKD (stages 2–3) with normal serum P concentration. A 3-day dietary survey was performed to estimate the average daily amount and the source of P ingested. The daily intake of P was 1086.5 ± 361.3 mg/day; 64% contained in animal proteins, 22% in vegetable proteins, and 14% as inorganic P. The total amount of P ingested did not correlate with daily phosphaturia, but it did correlate with the P/UUN ratio (p < 0.018). Patients with the highest tertile of the P/UUN ratio >71.1 mg/g presented more abundant inorganic P intake (p < 0.038).The P/UUN ratio is suggested to be a marker of inorganic P intake. This finding might be useful in clinical practices to identify the source of dietary P and to make personalized dietary recommendations directed to reduce inorganic P intake.

Spicy Food Consumption and Risk of Uninvestigated Heartburn in Isfahani Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Somayeh Rajaie ◽  
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spicy Food ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background/Objective: Dietary recommendations for the consumption of spicy foods in uninvestigated heartburn are still under debate. We examine the association between spicy food consumption and the prevalence of uninvestigated heartburn in a large sample of Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4,633 Iranian adults living in Isfahan (2,046 men, 2,587 women) in 2010. The average daily intake of spicy foods was estimated using a dietary habit questionnaire. Uninvestigated heartburn was defined, using a validated Rome III questionnaire, as the presence of heartburn sometimes, often or always during the last 3 months. Results: Uninvestigated heartburn was prevalent in 23.8% (n = 1,103) of participants. After controlling for potential confounders, including dietary behaviors and body mass index, men consuming spicy foods ≥10 times/week were 2.63 times more likely to have uninvestigated heartburn (95% CI:1.28–5.36) compared with those who never consumed spicy foods. Also, those men with the highest consumption of spicy foods were 3 times more likely to experience heartburn frequently (95% CI 1.44–6.39) compared with men with the lowest intake. No overall significant associations were found between the consumption of spicy foods and uninvestigated heartburn, including the frequency and severity of heartburn, in women. When the analysis was restricted to those with uninvestigated heartburn, no significant associations were found between consumption of spicy foods and frequency of heartburn either in men or women. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that high consumption of spicy foods was associated with a greater risk of uninvestigated heartburn in men, but not in women. Further studies, particularly of a prospective nature, are needed to confirm our findings, as well as underlying mechanisms.

Cyberbullying, student nurses’ ethical awareness and the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302110102
Author(s):  
Ka Young Kim ◽  
Jeong Sil Choi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cyberbullying Victimization ◽  
Cyber Ethics

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased cyber communication, causing nursing students’ clinical practice to be held in cyberspace. Thus, it is essential to ensure that nursing students develop comprehensive cyber ethics awareness. Moreover, cyberbullying is becoming more widespread and is an increasingly relevant new concept. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the experiences of cyberbullying among nursing students during clinical practice and determine the effects of cyberbullying victimization and cyber environments on their cyber ethics awareness. Research design: Data for this descriptive cross-sectional study were collected in July 2020 using a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using hierarchical regression. Participants and research context: The study included data from 291 nursing students with more than 6 months of clinical experience who were enrolled in two nursing universities in two cities in South Korea. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board of G University. Written, informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: Cyberbullying victimization experiences during clinical practice were few. The most common cyberbullies of work- and person-related cyberbullying were nurses and classmates, respectively. Discussion: Cyber ethics awareness was affected by cyber anonymity and the perceived seriousness of cyberbullying; cyberbullying related to clinical practices was a new factor that significantly affected cyber ethics awareness. Conclusions: Hospitals and nursing universities should develop a multi-dimensional, comprehensive, and effective nursing intervention education program to be integrated into the nursing curriculum to enhance cyber ethics awareness and reduce cyberbullying of nursing students.

scholarly journals An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098525
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Oloya Otim ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes

Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of nursing professors and students concerning the interface between spirituality, religiosity and health

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Souza Tomasso ◽  
Ideraldo Luiz Beltrame ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The University ◽  
Common Barriers

This study compares the knowledge and attitudes of nursing professors and students concerning the interface between spirituality, religiosity and health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 nursing professors and 118 students. The results reveal that more than 95% of the participants had some religious affiliation, 96% believed that spirituality considerably influences patients' health, and 77% wished to address this subject. However, only 36% felt prepared for it and most believed that the university did not provide the necessary information. No statistical differences were found between the religious practices of nursing professors and students, though a marked difference was found in their clinical practices and opinions concerning spirituality and its inclusion in the program's curriculum. The most common barriers to addressing such a subject were: fear of imposing one's own beliefs, lack of time, and fear of offending patients.

Lifestyle modification adherence among patients attending diabetes clinics in selected hospitals in Remo zone Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Adebayo Akadri ◽  
Omobolanle Akadri
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Objective: Lifestyle modification is an essential component of self-management of diabetes mellitus. This study assessed adherence to diet and exercise recommendations and elucidated the factors that influence adherence in patients living with diabetes. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 300 patients attending diabetes clinics in some selected hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics, and PRECEDE factors of lifestyle-modification adherence in the study participants. Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square test were used to assess the association between the variables, while binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of adherence to dietary recommendations. Results: The mean age of the study respondents was 62.7 years. The proportion of respondents who adhered to dietary and exercise recommendations were 87.8% and 45.6% respectively. There were no statistically significant linear relationships between scores for each PRECEDE factor and scores for adherence to diet and exercise. Respondents’ age, body mass index, and duration of illness had a statistically significant association with adherence to diet (P< 0.001, P=0.021, and P=0.041 respectively). On logistic regression analysis, participants 60 years and older had a higher likelihood of adhering to dietary modification than younger participants [AOR=2.6, P < 0.001]. Conclusion: The adherence of patients living with diabetes to dietary recommendations was satisfactory while adherence to exercise recommendations was very poor. There is a need for health care workers, especially at the primary and secondary levels to implement strategies that will enhance reinforcing and enabling factors for exercise adherence.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common in Ghana despite Abundance of Sunlight: A Multicentre Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽  
Maxwell Hubert Antwi ◽  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽  
Richard K. Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone important for the normal functioning of the body. It is produced through skin exposure to sunlight and from the diet. Although Ghana is located in the tropics where sunlight is abundant, factors like culture, diet, skin pigmentation, variation in the ozone layer, and geographical area influence the optimization of vitamin D concentration. It is imperative to evaluate the interplay between sunshine exposure, proinflammatory cytokines, and mediators of vitamin D metabolism and their relationship to vitamin D status in three geographical sections among apparent healthy Ghanaians. Methods and Results. In a cross-sectional study, a total of five hundred (500) healthy blood donors from three geographical areas in Ghana were enrolled. Their age ranged from 17 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.97 ± 8.87 years. The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.6% (218/500), with 41.2% (91/221), 45.3% (63/139), and 45.7% (64/140) of vitamin D deficiency being recorded in participants from the Northern Sector (NS), Middle Belt (MB), and Southern Sector (SS), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the proportions of vitamin D deficiency across various geographical sectors. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were compared among geographical areas (NS, MB, and SS) and there were no significant differences ( P = 0.275 ) after adjusting for confounding factors. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with corrected ionized calcium (rs = 0.622, P ≤ 0.001 ) and phosphorus (rs = 0.299, P ≤ 0.001 ) and negatively correlated with SBP (rs = −0.092, P = 0.039 ), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (rs = −0.421, P ≤ 0.001 ), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (rs = −0.0568, rs ≤ 0.001), IFN-gamma (rs = −0.684, P ≤ 0.001 ), and TNF-alpha (rs = −0.600, P ≤ 0.001 ). After adjusting for possible confounders, not having knowledge about vitamin D foods, taking fewer vitamin D foods, and higher levels of IF-γ and IL-10 were associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is high among the general adult population in Ghana despite the abundance of sunlight. Increasing knowledge on vitamin D diet coupled with a daily intake of vitamin D dietary supplements is likely to reduce the risk of developing 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals A Novel Objective Approach Towards Physicians' Knowledge and Practice Patterns to Optimize Central Venous Catheter Placement: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Catheter Tip

Study objective: Central venous catheterization is an essential component of intensive care of critically ill patients, and proper positioning of the catheter is essential to prevent position-related complications. This study was conducted by using digital tape measurement to objectively assess clinician preferences for central venous catheter positioning based on specific position levels and landmarks on post-procedural chest radiographs. Design: A cross-sectional study using electronic questionnaire survey. Setting: Single academic teaching hospital participated in this study. Participants: The study enrolled 276 physicians from multiple clinical disciplines. Interventions: None. Measurements: A seven-level reference system labeled on a sample chest radiograph was used to identify the acceptable lower and upper limits and landmarks used to determine the optimal central venous catheter tip position as well as the pattern of clinical practices based on the specialty and level of experience of participants. Main results: Among the 276 respondents, the ratio of cumulative acceptance for the lower and upper catheter tip limit was 62% and 66.3% within a 4-cm range below or above the carina, respectively. Intensive care unit (ICU) physicians showed a greater tendency to choose a catheter tip 4 cm below and 6 cm above the carina (p = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively) as did experienced physicians (p = 0.007 and < 0.001, respectively). The commonest reason for catheter tip withdrawal was arrhythmia (50% of cases). Physicians in the ICU and experienced physicians were more concerned about the risk of cardiac perforation than other respondents (p < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). The carina was the most commonly used landmark in 71.7% of all physicians, although 50% of radiologists also used other landmarks. Conclusions: The acceptable limit of the catheter tip is 4 cm above and below the carina (-4 to +4), as determined on chest radiography, without a need for tip adjustment.

scholarly journals Lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1878-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Anna Maria Castellazzi ◽  
Amedeo Pietri ◽  
Carla Roggi ◽  
Giovanna Turconi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Age Range

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to estimate the lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake measured through the administration of a short FFQ.DesignA cross-sectional study in which an FFQ was administered twice: on day 3 (T0) and day 30 (T1) postpartum; meanwhile two breast milk samples were collected. Maternal plasma samples were obtained at T0. The comparison of dietary lutein intakes and likewise lutein concentrations in breast milk at T0 and T1 were analysed with Student’sttest. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between dietary lutein intake and lutein concentration in milk and plasma, respectively, as well as the correlation between breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations at T0.SettingPavia, northern Italy.SubjectsTwenty-one pregnant women, age range 24–42 years, were recruited during their last trimester on a voluntary basis.ResultsBoth breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations were significantly correlated with dietary lutein intake (r= 0·86,P= 0·0001 andr= 0·94,P= 0·0001, respectively). There was a clear significant correlation between milk and plasma lutein concentrations (r= 0·87,P= 0·0001). Mature milk lutein concentration, although significantly reduced at T1 (P< 0·01), maintained a fairly high correlation with dietary lutein intake (r= 0·82,P= 0·0001).ConclusionsEven though milk lutein concentration decreased during early lactation, it remained significantly correlated with daily lutein intake. Therefore, while awaiting further research, dietary recommendations advising intake of fresh fruit and vegetables rich in lutein, throughout the whole duration of pregnancy and lactation, are extremely useful.

scholarly journals Breakfast Consumption in Spain: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Quality. Findings from the ANIBES Study, a Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Ruiz ◽  
José Ávila ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Paula Rodriguez ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Fat

This study aimed to investigate energy, nutrient and food group intakes at breakfast in Spain and to examine for the first time, their relationship to the overall Diet Quality (DQ). The data used were from the Spanish ANIBES (anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain), a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years old). DQ was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Foods Index, adapted to total diets (NRF9.3d). Most (>85%) of the Spanish population were regular breakfast consumers, although one in five adolescents were breakfast skippers. Breakfast provides just 16–19% of the daily intake of energy. Relative to its daily energy contribution, the Spanish breakfast contributed a higher proportion of daily total carbohydrates, added sugars, sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, folates, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and especially in calcium. By contrast, the breakfast is low in water intake, protein, dietary fibre, total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, beta-carotene and vitamins E and D. In children and teenagers, the most commonly consumed breakfast food was chocolate (mainly as chocolate-flavoured milk and powder), followed by bakery and pastry, whole milk and semi-skimmed milk. In the older groups, a bigger variety of foods were reported. Consumers in the highest NRF9.3d tertile for diet quality tended to have a higher intake of positive nutrients at breakfast than other tertiles, most notably among adults.

Exposure Assessment of Artificial Sweeteners among Type 2 Diabetic, Overweight and Obese Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
A. Bhagyasri ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
N. Balakrishna ◽  
V. Sudershan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

In recent years consumption of artificially sweetened foods and beverages became popular in India, with the regulatory formulations to use them in selected foods; their inclusion especially in sweets, biscuits and beverages has increased. There are many concerns rising regarding their safety and is becoming an area of controversy. So an exposure assessment has been carried out to evaluate intake levels among type II diabetic, overweight and obese individuals. A cross-sectional study design was applied and a food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the information on consumption pattern. Range, standard deviation and mean daily intake levels were calculated and the values were compared with an appropriate Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Results indicated that, the mean daily intake levels of aspartame (0.85±0.75) were found to be high among type 2 diabetic individuals whereas sucralose (0.41±0.41) and acesulfame-k (0.07±0.02) were high among overweight group. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.0001) observed in intake levels among both groups and all the sweeteners were found to be well within the ADI levels.

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