scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik ◽  
Adam Matkowski ◽  
Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross ◽  
Jakub Hadzik
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Black Other

This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis - Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik ◽  
Adam Matkowski ◽  
Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross ◽  
Jakub Hadzik
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Bacterial Proliferation ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Black Other

This paper continues the review study on antimicrobial properties relevant to the periodontal diseases. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response has been covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies has been analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there is still much less studies using animal models and only a few clinical studies. Most of the studies, regardless of the used model indicated efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontitis is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.

scholarly journals Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics—A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9737
Author(s):  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Recent evidence suggests that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may serve as important dietary components in the prevention (especially) and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the recommendations for their use are often based on brief reports and small clinical studies. This review evaluates the current literature on the correlation between CVD and probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Although research on probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has grown exponentially in recent years, particularly regarding the effect of probiotics on CVD, their mechanisms have not been clearly defined. It has been proposed that probiotics lower cholesterol levels, and may protect against CVD, by increasing bile salt synthesis and bile acid deconjugation. Similar effects have also been observed for prebiotics and synbiotics; however, probiotics also appear to have anti-oxidative, anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, probiotics not only have demonstrated effects in vitro and in animal models, but also in humans, where supplementation with probiotics decreases the risk factors of CVD. In addition, the properties of commercial probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics remain undetermined, and further experimental research is needed before these substances can be used in the prevention and treatment of CVD. In particular, well-designed clinical trials are required to determine the influence of probiotics on trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is believed to be a marker of CVDs, and to clarify the long-term effects, and action, of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in combination with drug therapy (for example, aspirin). However, while it cannot be unequivocally stated whether such supplementation yields benefits in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, it is important to note that clinical studies performed to date have not identified any side-effects to use.

scholarly journals INFLAMMATORY PARODONTIC DISEASES. CLASSICAL TRADITIONS OF MEDICAMENTAL THERAPY AND CONTEMPORANEITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Minukhin ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy Mel’nyk ◽  
Inna Torianyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Classical Traditions ◽  
Modern Medical Practice

Dental pathology is represented by a wide range of diseases of hard and soft tissues of these organs, various types of injuries, anomalies of shape, number, location, periodontitis. Inflammatory periodontal diseases are one of the most common human diseases, which lead to significant socio-economic losses and reduced quality of life. At the beginning of the XXI century, prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases remains an urgent problem of medicine. The high frequency of periodontal lesions is largely due to the peculiarities of its structure and function, general human health, the constant influence of microorganisms, among which the dominant role is played by opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria. The microflora in inflammatory periodontal diseases differs from the microflora of the oral cavity of a healthy person by the presence of peculiar symbiotic associations with a specific dominant species of the pathogen. The main element of the modern protocol of medical care for periodontal disease is the systemic or local use of antimicrobials. Modern antibiotics and chemotherapeutics used in dental practice for the treatment of CPD, totally affect all parts of the biocenosis of the oral cavity and lead to its undesirable changes. In addition, even a short-term positive effect of the use of these drugs can be combined with a selective increase in the resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs, which generally reduces the expected effectiveness of traditional therapy. Inflammatory periodontal diseases, prospects of their treatment by classical methods and with the use of modern medical technologies were studied in the work. For the objectification of the study used archival materials and their own work over the past 15 years. The purpose of the study: to identify promising areas of integrated use of traditional and innovative treatments for inflammatory periodontal disease. The subject of the study was to clarify the issues of antibacterial, antifungal activity of hop products, the rate of formation of resistance in microorganisms, the adequacy of physical, physicochemical properties of gel compositions. Particular attention was paid to the use of antibacterial properties of gel compositions based on hop products. It is established that the use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in modern medical practice for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases has a number of significant limitations due to the short duration of their therapeutic effect, negative impact on human microbiocenosis and the formation of acquired resistance of pathogenic microflora to widely used drugs. The results of previous studies have demonstrated the prospects of herbal medicines, namely, created on the basis of hop products for the prevention and treatment of diseases of microbial origin. It was found that the antibacterial and antifungal action of gel preparations of optimal composition with EHV 0.5% significantly exceeds the specified indicators of such known and currently used drugs. Therefore, it is clear the scientific and practical meaning of the use in protocols for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases (as drugs for local therapy) phytomedicine based on hop herbal substance. Thus, a clear prospect of using new compositions of drugs with high antibacterial properties based on plant raw materials (including hops) for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. Solving this problem is a timely and socially appropriate fact.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity assessment of Channa striatus (Haruan) extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Zulaikha Mat Zawawi ◽  
Rumaizi Shaari ◽  
Muhammad Luqman Nordin ◽  
Ruhil Hayati Hamdan ◽  
Tan Li Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Channa Striatus

Background and Aim: Channa striatus extract, a freshwater snakehead fish known as Haruan, is popular in Southeast Asia for consumption and as a traditional therapeutic remedy for wound healing. C. striatus is also used in osteoarthritic for its anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibacterial properties of C. striatus extract against oral bacteria and to investigate the cytotoxic activity against Vero cells. Materials and Methods: The authors prepared C. striatus extract in chloroform-methanol solvents. Next, the authors took subgingival microbiological samples from 16 cats that had periodontal disease. The authors determined the antibacterial properties of C. striatus extract against the isolated bacteria using the disk diffusion method and a broth microdilution-based resazurin microtiter assay. Finally, the authors used the Vero cell line to evaluate the cytotoxic activity, and they assessed the cell availability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: The results showed weak antibacterial activity of C. striatus extract against Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli. In addition, the authors found that minimum inhibition concentration values ranged between 400 and 500 mg/mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged between 650 and 550 mg/mL. However, the cytotoxic results were promising, showing that C. striatus extract increased the cell viability and growth when it was at a higher concentration. The extract also promotes growth and cell proliferation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. striatus extract promoted cell proliferation in vitro and could be a plausible therapeutic wound healing alternative for periodontal disease in cats.

scholarly journals Оцінка інтенсивності запальних процесів у тканинах пародонта в пацієнтів із рецесією ясен залежно від віку та біотипу пародонта

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Iskiv
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Clear Tendency ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Periodontal Biotype

Summary. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases remains one of the most important tasks of modern dentistry in connection with their high prevalence among all age groups of the population. Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of gum recession, as one of the clinical forms of periodontal disease. The paper presents data on paraclinical indexes in patients with gum recession, depending on age and biotype of periodontal disease. The aim of the study – to evaluate the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession, depending on age and periodontal biotype using paraclinical indices. Materials and Methods. The article presents a comparative assessment of the intensity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, depending on age and periodontal biotype in 204 somatically healthy patients who had a recession of the gums caused by different etiological factors. Results and Discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that with increasing age, there was a clear tendency to increase the indexes of all paraclinical indexes analyzed by us. Also, attention was drawn to the fact that the carriers of biotype periodontal A1-Thin S flow of inflammatory processes proceeded more pronounced and more intense.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.Conclusions. In persons with recession gum, the intensification of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues increased with age, but depended on the periodontal biotype.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING GRAPEFRUIT EXTRACT AND LYSOTECH AND PROTELYSE LYSATES IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Svetlana Tokmakova ◽  
Olga Bondarenko ◽  
Yuliya Lunitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

The preventive direction in dentistry is the leading one today. Individual oral hygiene plays a significant role in preventing the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The use of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes containing natural components with antibacterial properties is promising. Among plant extracts, grapefruit extract has the most pronounced antimicrobial activity. LysoTech and ProteLyse lysates, which have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, have long been used in dentistry in the form of tablets for resorption in the complex treatment of various diseases. Their introduction into toothpastes is also considered a promising direction for the prevention and treatment of oral pathology. The aim of our study was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste, which contains grapefruit extract and LysoTech and ProteLyse lysates, in patients with inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. A clinical and laboratory comparative study of two therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes was conducted. The composition of the samples was identical, except for two components: grapefruit extract and LysoTech and ProteLyse lysates. The study involved 60 volunteers who were divided into two groups depending on the toothpastes used. The purifying and anti-inflammatory effects of the samples were evaluated for one month. An in vitro laboratory study was also conducted to identify the antimicrobial properties of toothpastes. During the work, high clinical results were noted in a group of volunteers using toothpaste with grapefruit seed extract and bacterial lysates, which are expressed in a decrease in PMA and SBI indices, and an improvement in oral hygiene. According to a laboratory study, the toothpaste containing grapefruit extract and LysoTech and ProteLyse lysates has a more pronounced antimicrobial and antifungal effect, which indicates a high preventive and therapeutic potential of the test sample.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Peng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Future Research ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread quickly worldwide. Currently, no vaccine or specific therapeutics are available to prevent and/or treat COVID-19. Convalescent plasma (CP) obtained from patients following resolution of COVID-19 infection and development of antibodies against the virus is an attractive option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment, since antibodies may have direct or indirect antiviral activities and immunotherapy has proven effective in principle, and in many clinical reports. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the latest advances and evidence in the use of CP for COVID-19 through a systematic review and quantitatively analysis, identify knowledge gaps in this setting, and offer recommendations and directives for future research. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were continuously searched for studies assessing the use of CP for COVID-19 including clinical studies, commentaries, reviews, guidelines/protocols and in vitro testing of CP antibodies. Screening process and data extraction were performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality appraisal of all clinical studies was conducted using an universal tool independent on study designs. Meta-analysis of case-controlled and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS Substantial literature has been published covering various aspects of CP therapy for COVID-19. Of the references included in this review, a total of 243 eligible studies including 64 clinical studies, 79 commentary articles, 46 reviews, 19 guidance and protocols, 35 in vitro testing of CP antibodies, matched the criteria. Positive results have been mostly observed so far when utilising CP for the treatment of COVID-19. There are remarkable heterogeneities in the CP therapy with respect to patient demographics, donor antibody titers, time and dose of CP administration. The studies assessing the safety of CP treatment reported low incidence of adverse events. Most clinical studies in particular case reports and case series had poor quality. Only one RCT was of high quality. Randomized and non-randomized data were found in two and 11 studies, respectively and included for meta-analysis suggesting that CP could reduce mortality and increase viral clearance. Despite promising pilot studies, the benefits of CP treatment can only be clearly established through carefully designed RCTs. CONCLUSIONS There is developing support for CP therapy particularly for patients who are critically ill or mechanically ventilated and resistant to antivirals and supportive care. These studies provide important lessons that should inform the planning of well-designed RCTs to generate more robust knowledge for the efficacy of CP in COVID-19 patients. Future research is necessary to fill the knowledge gap regarding prevention and treatment of COVID-19 patients with CP while vaccines and other treatment are being developed.

scholarly journals Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Periodontal Disease in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4244-4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira ◽  
Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior ◽  
Graciela Mitre Costa ◽  
Silvia Maria Cordeiro Werneck ◽  
Daniel Cisalpino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Paf Receptor

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory and alveolar bone destructive disease triggered by oral biofilm-producing microorganisms, such asAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal tissues are significantly increased during inflammatory conditions, such as PD, but the exact mechanism that links PAF to alveolar bone resorption is not well understood. In the current study, alveolar bone resorption was induced by experimental PD through the oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin wild-type (WT) and PAF receptor knockout (Pafr−/−) mice.In vitroexperiments usingA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with a PAF receptor antagonist (UK74505) were also performed. The expression of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase in periodontal tissues was significantly increased 3 h afterA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS injection in mice. WT andPafr−/−mice that were subjected to oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitanspresented neutrophil accumulation and increased levels of CXCL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in periodontal tissues. However,Pafr−/−mice presented less alveolar bone loss than WT mice. Thein vitroblockade of the PAF receptor impaired the resorptive activity ofA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS-activated osteoclasts. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the blockade of PAF receptor may contribute to the progression of PD triggered byA. actinomycetemcomitansby directly affecting the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts.

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