scholarly journals Influence of Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption on Redox Status and Inflammatory Signaling in Young Celiac Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Teresa Nestares ◽  
Rafael Martín-Masot ◽  
Marta Flor-Alemany ◽  
Antonela Bonavita ◽  
José Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Daily Energy

The current study was designed to assess the influence of consumption of ultra-processed (UPF) on oxidative/antioxidant balance and evoked inflammatory signaling in young patients with celiac disease (CD). The study included 85 children. The celiac group (n = 53) included children with CD with a long (>18 months, n = 17) or recent (<18 months, n = 36) adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The control group (n = 32) included healthy children with a significantly higher consumption of UPF compared to the control group, both expressed as kcal/day (p = 0.043) and as percentage of daily energy intake (p = 0.023). Among children with CD, the group with the lowest consumption of UPF (below the 50% of daily energy intake) had a greater Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and higher moderate physical activity levels. In addition, CD children with the lowest consumption of UPF had healthier redox (lower soluble superoxide dismutase-1 and 15-F2t-isoprostanes) and inflammatory profiles (lower macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) compared to the group with the highest consumption of UPF (all, p < 0.05) regardless of the time on a GFD. These findings highlight the importance of a correct monitoring of the GFD. An unbalanced GFD with high consumption of UPF and an unhealthy pattern with less physical activity and worse adherence to MD results in a worse inflammatory profile, which could act as a parallel pathway that could have important consequences on the pathophysiology of the disease.

scholarly journals Does Increased Exercise or Physical Activity Alter Ad-Libitum Daily Energy Intake or Macronutrient Composition in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e83498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Donnelly ◽  
Stephen D. Herrmann ◽  
Kate Lambourne ◽  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Jeffery J. Honas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Luo ◽  
Brendan C. Angelo ◽  
Ting Chow ◽  
John R. Monterosso ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Z Scores

Background: Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity <i>in utero</i> have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues within reward regions and adiposity in children. <p>Design: Participants were 159 children ages between 7-11. Repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted to assess mean daily energy intake (EI). A subset of children (N=102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. <i>A priori</i> regions-of-interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were assessed.</p> <p><a></a>Results: Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment of daily EI. Pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI nor food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR and WHR after controlling for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure and child’s physical activity levels.</p> <p>Conclusions: Exposure to GDM <i>in utero</i>, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily energy intake and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity. </p>

Influence of chicory roots (Cichorium intybusL)on boar taint in entire male and female pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Hansen ◽  
H. Mejer ◽  
S. M. Thamsborg ◽  
D. V. Byrne ◽  
A. Roepstorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Entire Male ◽  
Chicory Roots

AbstractBoar taint is an off-flavour of pork caused primarily by a microbial breakdown product, skatole and a testicular steroid, androstenone. As skatole is produced in the large intestine from tryptophan, it is possible that some ‘bioactive’ ingredients could modify protein fermentation and, in the process, diminish boar taint. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of inulin-rich chicory roots (Cichorium intybusL.) on boar taint. In the first of three trials individually penned, entire males and females were given an organic concentrate in which 0·25 of the daily energy intake was replaced with crude chicory roots for 9 or 4 weeks prior to slaughter. In the second trial, entire male pigs were given diets that included, either crude chicory roots, dried chicory roots, or inulin (extracted from chicory roots) for 6 weeks pre-slaughter. In the third trial, intact male pigs were given the dried chicory diet for either 2 or 1 week before slaughter. In all trials the chicory diets were offered on a scale at 0·95 of the Danish recommendation for energy intake, and pig performance was compared with a control group given the organic concentrate at 0·95 of recommended energy intake plus silage ad libitum. In trial 1 an additional control group was offered the organic concentrate at a daily energy intake level of 1·0 of Danish recommendations. The pigs in trials 1, 2, and 3 were slaughtered at an average live weight of 118, 124, and 110 kg, respectively, in order to ensure that they had achieved sexual maturity. Overall, skatole concentrations in blood plasma and backfat at slaughter were reduced to almost zero levels by including crude or dried chicory or inulin in the diet. This occurred irrespective of sex and length of feeding period (1 to 9 weeks). In trial 3 a significant effect on blood plasma concentration was observed after 3 days of feeding a diet containing dried chicory. The only significant reduction in plasma androstenone levels was detected in pigs given the crude chicory for a 9 week duration in trial 1. The production and proportion of lean was generally not affected by the addition of either form of chicory to the diets in trials 1 and 2. Therefore, dried chicory may be the most suitable form for commercial use because it: had no initial adverse effects on food intake, consistently reduced skatole without reducing performance, was easy to handle throughout the entire year and is relatively inexpensive.

scholarly journals Breakfast glycemic index affects subsequent daily energy intake in free-living healthy children

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette E Buyken ◽  
Karin Trauner ◽  
Anke LB Günther ◽  
Anja Kroke ◽  
Thomas Remer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Daily Energy

scholarly journals Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Luo ◽  
Brendan C. Angelo ◽  
Ting Chow ◽  
John R. Monterosso ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Z Scores

Background: Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity <i>in utero</i> have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues within reward regions and adiposity in children. <p>Design: Participants were 159 children ages between 7-11. Repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted to assess mean daily energy intake (EI). A subset of children (N=102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. <i>A priori</i> regions-of-interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were assessed.</p> <p><a></a>Results: Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment of daily EI. Pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI nor food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR and WHR after controlling for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure and child’s physical activity levels.</p> <p>Conclusions: Exposure to GDM <i>in utero</i>, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily energy intake and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity. </p>

scholarly journals The effect of a self-constructed material on children’s physical activity during recess

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Méndez-Giménez ◽  
José-Antonio Cecchini ◽  
Javier Fernández-Río
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sedentary Activity

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze whether an intervention supported by free play with a self-constructed material increases the level of physical activity of students during recess. METHODS The participants were 166 children of third to sixth grade, between nine and 12 years old (average = 10.64; SS = 1.13). An experimental project was conducted with pre-test and post-test measurement, and a control group. Experimental group participants built cardboard paddles (third and fourth) and flying rings (fifth and sixth), a material they used freely for one week during recess. ActiGraph-GT3X accelerometers were used to measure physical activity. An ANOVA of repeated measures was used to find differences between groups and genders. RESULTS Significant intervention effects were found in the analyzed variables: sedentary activity (F = 38.19; p < 0.01), light (F = 76.56; p < 0.01), moderate (F = 27.44; p < 0.01), vigorous (F = 61.55; p < 0.01), and moderate and vigorous (F = 68.76; p < 0.01). Significant gender differences were shown (time × group × gender) for moderate (F = 6.58; p < 0.05) and vigorous (F = 5.51; p < 0.05) activity. CONCLUSIONS The self-constructed material is effective to increase the physical activity levels of children during recess; it decreases sedentary activity and light physical activity and increases the time devoted to moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity, both in boys and in girls. The boys had an increase in vigorous physical activity and the girls in moderate physical activity. Due to its low cost, this strategy is recommended for administrators and teachers to increase the physical activity of children during recess.

scholarly journals Discrepancies between energy intake and expenditure in physically active women

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mulligan ◽  
Gail E. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Maintain Body Weight

Energy intake and expenditure in women runners and non-runners were assessed by weighed food records, evaluation of minute-by-minute activity diaries, and indirect calorimetry. All participants were adapted to their stated activity levels for at least 6 months and maintained a constant body-weight throughout their participation. Calculated daily energy intake equalled calculated expenditure in non-runners (7300 (SD 1536) v. 7476 (SD 872) kJ/d), but calculated energy expenditure in women running about 54 km/week was found to exceed intake by more than 2700 kJ/d (8259 (SD 1466) v. 10963 (SD 1367), P < 0.01). The runners showed no evidence of compensating for the increased energy expenditure associated with running by engaging in lower-intensity activities during non-running time. Further, runners did not decrease energy expended at various activities. The findings suggest that women adapted to high levels of activity may possess mechanisms to maintain body-weight without significantly increasing energy intake.

scholarly journals Nonresponders of Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) Can Increase Their Exercise Capacity with Enhanced Physiotherapist Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4795
Author(s):  
Tom Martinsson Ngouali ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
Åsa Cider ◽  
Stefan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Swedish physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based method to promote physical activity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of Swedish PAP on physical fitness, in which better cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and diagnose-specific mortality. Direct measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, usually expressed as maximal oxygen uptake, are difficult to obtain. Hence, exercise capacity can be assessed from a submaximal cycle ergometer test, taking the linear relationship between heart rate, work rate, and oxygen uptake into account. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity in the long term, following PAP treatment with enhanced physiotherapist support in a nonresponding patient cohort. In total, 98 patients (48 women) with insufficient physical activity levels, with at least one component of the metabolic syndrome and nonresponding to a previous six-month PAP treatment, were randomized to PAP treatment with enhanced support from a physiotherapist and additional exercise capacity tests during a two-year period. A significant increase in exercise capacity was observed for the whole cohort at two-year follow-up (7.6 W, p ≤ 0.001), with a medium effect size (r = 0.34). Females (7.3 W, p = 0.025), males (8.0 W, p = 0.018) and patients ≥58 years old (7.7 W, p = 0.002) improved significantly, whereas a nonsignificant increase was observed for patients <58 years old (7.6 W, p = 0.085). Patients with insufficient physical activity levels who did not respond to a previous six-month PAP treatment can improve their exercise capacity following PAP treatment with enhanced support from a physiotherapist during a two-year period. Future studies should include larger cohorts with a control group to ensure valid estimations of exercise capacity and PAP.

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