scholarly journals The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Wark ◽  
Dorit Samocha-Bonet ◽  
Simon Ghaly ◽  
Mark Danta
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are increasing in prevalence and incidence globally. They are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life to individual sufferers and are an increasing burden on society through direct and indirect costs. Current treatment strategies rely on immunosuppression, which, while effective, is associated with adverse events. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet impacts the risk of developing IBD and modulates disease activity. Using diet as a therapeutic option is attractive to patients and clinicians alike due to its availability, low cost and few side effects. Diet may influence IBD risk and disease behaviour through several mechanisms. Firstly, some components of the diet influence microbiota structure and function with downstream effects on immune activity. Secondly, dietary components act to alter the structure and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and lastly dietary elements may have direct interactions with components of the immune response. This review will summarise the mechanisms of diet–microbial–immune system interaction, outline key studies examining associations between diet and IBD and evidence demonstrating the impact of diet on disease control. Finally, this review will outline current prescribed dietary therapies for active CD.

Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: The Impact of Co-occurring Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases on the Disease Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Attauabi ◽  
Mirabella Zhao ◽  
Flemming Bendtsen ◽  
Johan Burisch
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are at risk of developing a variety of other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The influence of co-occurring IMIDs on the disease course of IBD remains unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of IMIDs on phenotypic presentation and outcome in patients with IBD. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched from their earliest records through December 2018 and updated in October 2019 for studies reporting proportions or ratios of IBD-related disease outcomes in patients with and without co-occurring IMIDs. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate summary proportions and risks of the main outcomes. PRISMA guidelines were used, and study quality was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results A total of 93 studies were identified, comprising 16,064 IBD patients with co-occurring IMIDs and 3,451,414 IBD patients without IMIDs. Patients with IBD and co-occurring IMIDs were at increased risk of having extensive colitis or pancolitis (risk ratio, 1.38; 95% Cl, 1.25–1.52; P < 0.01, I2 = 86%) and receiving IBD-related surgeries (risk ratio, 1.17; 95% Cl, 1.01–1.36; P = 0.03; I2 = 85%) compared with patients without IMIDs. Co-occurrence of IMIDs other than primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with IBD was associated with an increased risk of receiving immunomodulators (risk ratio, 1.15; 95% Cl, 1.06–1.24; P < 0.01; I2 = 60%) and biologic therapies (risk ratio, 1.19; 95% Cl, 1.08–1.32; P < 0.01; I2 = 53%). Conclusion This meta-analysis found that the presence of co-occurring IMIDs influences the disease course of IBD, including an increased risk of surgery and its phenotypical expression.

scholarly journals POS1236 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INITIATION AND RENEWAL OF BIOTHERAPIES AND TARGETED SYNTHETIC TREATMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 901.1-901
Author(s):  
P. Richette ◽  
M. Allez ◽  
V. Descamps ◽  
L. Perra ◽  
S. Pilet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Jak Inhibitors ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Background:During the epidemic’s peak of COVID-19, scientific societies published recommendations on biotherapy and targeted synthetic treatment (B/TST) use in patients with chronic articular inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and psoriasis.Objectives:The objective was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in France on initiation and renewal of B/TST.Methods:LRx contains all anonymized medication dispenses prescribed in outpatient care in a representative panel of French retails pharmacies, including data of near 40 million patients. The impact of B/TST initiation and renewal were studied using 2019 as reference and dispense deliveries data of pharmacies with regular flew in order to perform the comparison. B/TST considered were abatacept, anti-TNF, anti-IL6, anti-IL17, anti-IL12/23 or anti-IL23, JAK inhibitors (JAKi) and other classes such as aprelimast, aminosalicylates (AS), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and methotrexate (MTX). A treatment initiated was defined as a treatment not delivered in the past 12 months, and conversely for a treatment renewal. Results were presented as raw one and expressed in percentage of patients having at least one B/TST delivery in each therapeutic classes of interest in 2020 compared to 2019 used as reference year (period from week 12 to week 19 considered and corresponding to the lockdown period in France).Results:During the lockdown period, a decrease in initiation was observed for patients treated with: abatacept (405 in 2019 vs 227 in 2020: -44%, p<0.001), anti-TNF (1156 vs 1058, -31%, p<0.001), anti-IL17 (415 vs 206, -50%, p<0.001), anti-IL12-23 (395 vs 339, -12%, p=0.16), JAKi (289 vs 174, -39%, p=0.006), contrasting with an increase for Tociliumab (117 vs 445, +152%, p=0,01). We found a decrease of 7% (2171 vs 2015, p=0,35), 44% (405 vs 227, p<0.001), 30% (3430 vs 2390, p p<0.001) of AS, aprelimast and MTX initiation, respectively, and an increase of 173% (1708 vs 4671, p=0.11) of HCQ initiation. No decrease for the renewal of B/TST was observedConclusion:During the epidemic’s peak, initiation of AS, MTX, biotherapies (except for tocilizumab), and JAKi dramatically decreased without impacting their renewal. Two treatments were mainly initiated, tocilizumab probably due to a switch from intravenous to subcutaneous injection and HCQ in relation to its presumably effect on COVID-19. Overall, recommendations from scientific societies have been followed.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Valerio Baldelli ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Federica Del Chierico
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their pathogenesis, including intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The symbiotic microbiota plays important functions in the host, and the loss of beneficial microbes could favor the expansion of microbial pathobionts. In particular, the bloom of potentially harmful Proteobacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, has been described as enhancing the inflammatory response, as observed in IBDs. Herein, we seek to investigate the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae to IBD pathogenesis whilst considering the continuous expansion of the literature and data. Despite the mechanism of their expansion still remaining unclear, their expansion could be correlated with the increase in nitrate and oxygen levels in the inflamed gut and with the bile acid dysmetabolism described in IBD patients. Furthermore, in several Enterobacteriaceae studies conducted at a species level, it has been suggested that some adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role played by Enterobacteriaceae in gut dysbiosis associated with IBD pathogenesis and progression.

Clinical Comparison of 99Tcm-Hmpao Labelled Leucocytes and 99Tcm-Nanocolloid in the Detection of Inflammation

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vorne ◽  
T. Lantto ◽  
S. Paakkinen ◽  
S. Salo ◽  
I. Soini
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Labelled Leucocytes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Forty-five patients with various inflammatory diseases were imaged with 99Tcm-HMPAO labelled leucocytes and 99Tcm-nanocolloid within 7 days. The overall sensitivity of 99Tcm-leucocytes was 97% and that of 99Tcm-nanocolloid 59% and both agents had a 100% specificity. The 99Tcm-leucocyte method showed reliable results in various inflammatory and infectious conditions, and seems suitable as a primary imaging method. On the contrary, 99Tcm-nanocolloid cannot be recommended for use in inflammatory bowel diseases, soft tissue abscesses or prosthetic vascular graft infections. However, 99Tcm-nanocolloid gave reliable information in inflammatory and infectious bone and joint diseases in which it had a 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In those lesions the 99Tcm-nanocolloid method may be useful, because it is simple, fast and cheap. Yet, further evaluation is needed.

scholarly journals Intestinal Taxa Abundance and Diversity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: An Analysis including Covariates and Confounders

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Adelaide Teofani ◽  
Irene Marafini ◽  
Federica Laudisi ◽  
Daniele Pietrucci ◽  
Silvia Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Disease Extent ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Intestinal dysbiosis has been widely documented in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and is thought to influence the onset and perpetuation of gut inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether such bacterial changes rely in part on the modification of an IBD-associated lifestyle (e.g., smoking and physical activity) and diet (e.g., rich in dairy products, cereals, meat and vegetables). In this study, we investigated the impact of these habits, which we defined as confounders and covariates, on the modulation of intestinal taxa abundance and diversity in IBD patients. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed using genomic DNA extracted from the faecal samples of 52 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 58 with ulcerative colitis (UC), which are the two main types of IBD, as well as 42 healthy controls (HC). A reduced microbial diversity was documented in the IBD patients compared with the HC. Moreover, we identified specific confounders and covariates that influenced the association between some bacterial taxa and disease extent (in UC patients) or behaviour (in CD patients) compared with the HC. In particular, a PERMANOVA stepwise regression identified the variables “age”, “eat yogurt at least four days per week” and “eat dairy products at least 4 days per week” as covariates when comparing the HC and patients affected by ulcerative proctitis (E1), left-sided UC (distal UC) (E2) and extensive UC (pancolitis) (E3). Instead, the variables “age”, “gender”, “eat meat at least four days per week” and “eat bread at least 4 days per week” were considered as covariates when comparing the HC with the CD patients affected by non-stricturing, non-penetrating (B1), stricturing (B2) and penetrating (B3) diseases. Considering such variables, our analysis indicated that the UC extent differentially modulated the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae, Christensenellaceae, Marinifilaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae families, while the CD behaviour influenced the abundance of Christensenellaceae, Marinifilaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Barnesiellaceae and Coriobacteriaceae families. In conclusion, our study indicated that some covariates and confounders related to an IBD-associated lifestyle and dietary habits influenced the intestinal taxa diversity and relative abundance in the CD and UC patients compared with the HC. Indeed, such variables should be identified and excluded from the analysis to characterize the bacterial families whose abundance is directly modulated by IBD status, as well as disease extent or behaviour.

scholarly journals Stiffness Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Fate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie He ◽  
Peng Lei ◽  
Wenying Kang ◽  
Priscilla Cheung ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

SummaryDoes fibrotic gut stiffening caused by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) direct the fate of intestinal stem cells (ISCs)? To address this question we first developed a novel long-term culture of quasi-3D gut organoids plated on hydrogel matrix of varying stiffness. Stiffening from 0.6kPa to 9.6kPa significantly reduces Lgr5high ISCs and Ki67+ progenitor cells while promoting their differentiation towards goblet cells. These stiffness-driven events are attributable to YAP nuclear translocation. Matrix stiffening also extends the expression of the stemness marker Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) into villus-like regions, mediated by cytoplasmic YAP. We next used single-cell RNA sequencing to generate for the first time the stiffness-regulated transcriptional signatures of ISCs and their differentiated counterparts. These signatures confirm the impact of stiffening on ISC fate and additionally suggest a stiffening-induced switch in metabolic phenotype, from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Finally, we used colon samples from IBD patients as well as chronic colitis murine models to confirm the in vivo stiffening-induced epithelial deterioration similar to that observed in vitro. Together, these results demonstrate stiffness-dependent ISC reprograming wherein YAP nuclear translocation diminishes ISCs and Ki67+ progenitors and drives their differentiation towards goblet cells, suggesting stiffening as potential target to mitigate gut epithelial deterioration during IBD.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and management of gastrointestinal inflammation and fibrosis: from inflammatory bowel diseases to endoscopic surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Iwata ◽  
Yohei Mikami ◽  
Motohiko Kato ◽  
Naohisa Yahagi ◽  
Takanori Kanai
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Extended Resection ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractGastrointestinal fibrosis is a state of accumulated biological entropy caused by a dysregulated tissue repair response. Acute or chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, including inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn’s disease, induces fibrosis and strictures, which often require surgical or endoscopic intervention. Recent technical advances in endoscopic surgical techniques raise the possibility of gastrointestinal stricture after an extended resection. Compared to recent progress in controlling inflammation, our understanding of the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal fibrosis is limited, which requires the development of prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we focus on gastrointestinal fibrosis in Crohn’s disease and post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) stricture, and we review the relevant literature.

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