scholarly journals Low Dietary Magnesium and Overweight/Obesity in a Mediterranean Population: A Detrimental Synergy for the Development of Hypertension. The SUN Project

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Liz Ruiz-Estigarribia ◽  
Carmen Sayón-Orea ◽  
Ujue Fresán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Sun Project

Hypertension is the strongest independent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association of magnesium intake with incident hypertension in a Mediterranean population, and the potential modification of this association by body mass index (BMI). We assessed 14,057 participants of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort (67.0% women) initially free of hypertension. At baseline, a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire was administered. We used Cox models adjusted for multiple socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, and prevalent conditions present at baseline. Among a mean 9.6 years of follow-up we observed 1406 incident cases of medically diagnosed hypertension. An inverse association in multivariable-adjusted models was observed for progressively higher magnesium intake up to 500 mg/d vs. intake < 200 mg/d, which was greater among those with a BMI > 27 kg/m2. Lean participants with magnesium intake < 200 mg/d vs. >200 mg/d also had a higher risk of incident hypertension. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not modify these associations. In conclusion, dietary magnesium intake < 200 mg/d was independently associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort, stronger for overweight/obese participants. Our results emphasize the importance of encouraging the consumption of magnesium-rich foods (vegetables, nuts, whole cereals, legumes) in order to prevent hypertension.

scholarly journals Increased Adiposity Appraised with CUN-BAE Is Highly Predictive of Incident Hypertension. The SUN Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
Carmen Sayón-Orea ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Estefania Toledo ◽  
Mario Barbagallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Unit Increase

Overweight and obesity are growing worldwide and strongly associated with hypertension. The Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) index is proposed as an optimal indicator of body fatness. We aimed to investigate the association of body fat as captured by the CUN-BAE index with incident hypertension in a Mediterranean population. We assessed 15,950 participants of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort (63.7% women) initially free of hypertension. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires biennially. A validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline. We used Cox models adjusted for multiple confounders. Among 12.3 years of median follow-up (interquartile range: 8.3, 15.0 years), 2160 participants reported having received a diagnosis of hypertension. We observed a strong direct association between progressively higher the CUN-BAE index at baseline and incident hypertension during follow-up in multivariable-adjusted models for men and women, even after further adjustment for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, showing a significant association also in non-obese participants. For each 2-unit increase in the CUN-BAE index, hypertension risk increased by 27% and 29% in men and women, respectively. The results remained significant when considering longitudinal repeated measures of changes in body fat assessed with the CUN-BAE index among the different biennial follow-up questionnaires. Our results emphasize the importance of reducing and maintaining a low body fat to prevent hypertension.

scholarly journals Hypothesis-oriented food patterns and incidence of hypertension: 6-year follow-up of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Toledo ◽  
Francisco de A Carmona-Torre ◽  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Blanca Puchau ◽  
María A Zulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Period Range ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Food Patterns

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between adherence to several a priori-defined healthy food patterns and the risk of hypertension.DesignProspective, multipurpose, dynamic cohort study (recruitment permanently open). We followed up 10 800 men and women (all of them university graduates), who were initially free of hypertension, for a variable period (range 2–6 years, median 4·6 years). During follow-up, 640 participants reported a new medical diagnosis of hypertension. Baseline diet was assessed using a validated 136-item FFQ. Validated information about non-dietary potential confounders was also gathered. We calculated adherence to fifteen different hypothesis-oriented food patterns and assessed the association between each of them and incident hypertension using multivariable Cox models.SettingThe SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra – University of Navarra Follow-up) Project, Spain.SubjectsParticipants recruited to the SUN cohort before October 2005 were eligible for inclusion; after excluding those with self-reported hypertension or CVD at baseline, or with extreme total energy intake, data of 10 800 were analysed.ResultsHigher adherence to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet (range of the score: 0 to 5) was significantly associated with a lower risk for developing hypertension (P for trend = 0·02). The other food patterns showed no significant association with incident hypertension.ConclusionsOur results support a long-term protection of the DASH diet against the incidence of hypertension, but we found no evidence of a similar inverse association with hypertension for any other a priori-defined healthy food pattern.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Quality Index and Breast Cancer Risk in a Mediterranean Cohort: The SUN Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1480-1480
Author(s):  
Andrea Romanos-Nanclares ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Miguel ángel Martínez-González ◽  
Itziar Zazpe ◽  
Itziar Gardeazabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Significant Inverse Association ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Sun Project

Abstract Objectives Beyond the quantity of carbohydrate intake, further research is needed on the relevance of carbohydrate quality and chronic conditions. No previous longitudinal study has assessed the association between an integrated multi-dimensional index for carbohydrate intake quality and the risk of breast cancer (BC). Thus, we evaluated the association between an a priori defined carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the incidence of BC in a Mediterranean cohort study. Methods We used a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate the CQI at baseline, as previously described (PMID: 31,868,210), based on 4 criteria: dietary fiber intake, glycemic index, whole grain/total grain ratio, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate ratio), in 10,812 middle-aged women. Results During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, we confirmed 101 incident cases of BC. A higher CQI (fourth quartile) was associated with a lower risk of BC [HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.39 (95% CI 0.17, 0.87) p for trend: 0.049]. When we additionally included probable incident cases (n = 190) this association between CQI and BC persisted with a relative risk reduction of 48% for the overall sample of women [HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.52, 95% CI 0.31, 0.89; p for trend: 0.034]. Furthermore, when we stratified by menopausal status, we found a significant inverse association between the CQI and premenopausal BC for both confirmed (HR T3 vs. T1 0.32, 95% CI 0.10, 1.00) and probable (HR T3 vs. T1 0.46, 95% CI 0.22, 0.96) cases. Conclusions In this Mediterranean cohort, a better quality of dietary carbohydrate intake showed a significant inverse association with the incidence of BC, particularly among premenopausal women, which suggests that strategies for cancer prevention should focus, in relation to diet, on the quality of this macronutrient. Funding Sources The SUN Project has been supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III, the European Regional Development Fund, the Navarra Regional Government, and the University of Navarra.

Dietary Magnesium Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Older US Women in a 10-Year Follow-Up Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1616-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing Song ◽  
Howard D. Sesso ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson ◽  
Nancy R. Cook ◽  
Julie E. Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Aged ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Dietary Magnesium

scholarly journals A prospective study of eating away-from-home meals and weight gain in a Mediterranean population: the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Bes-Rastrollo ◽  
Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari ◽  
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas ◽  
Amelia Marti ◽  
José Alfredo Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Eating Out

AbstractObjectiveThe traditional Mediterranean food pattern is more easily preserved when meals are eaten at home; however, as a result of recent socio-economic changes, away-from-home meal consumption has increased rapidly in Mediterranean countries. Little research has been conducted so far to investigate the long-term health effects of these changes in the Mediterranean area.DesignIn a prospective Spanish dynamic cohort of 9182 university graduates (the SUN Study; Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Follow-up) with a mean age of 37 years, followed up for an average of 4·4 years, we assessed the association between the frequency of eating out of home and weight gain or incident overweight/obesity. Dietary habits were assessed with an FFQ previously validated in Spain.ResultsDuring follow-up, eating-out consumers (two times or more per week) had higher average adjusted weight gain (+129 g/year, P < 0·001) and higher adjusted risk of gaining 2 kg or more per year (OR = 1·36; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·63) than non-eating-out consumers. Among participants with baseline BMI < 25 kg/m2, we observed 855 new cases of overweight/obesity. Eating away-from-home meals was significantly associated with a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese (hazard ratio = 1·33; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·57).ConclusionsA higher frequency of meals eaten out of home may play a role in the current obesity epidemic observed in some Mediterranean countries.

scholarly journals Reported fried food consumption and the incidence of hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sayon-Orea ◽  
Maira Bes-Rastrollo ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Itziar Zazpe ◽  
Francisco J. Basterra-Gortari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Incident Cases

Reported associations between the consumption of fried foods and the incidence of obesity or weight gain make it likely that fried food consumption might also be associated with the development of hypertension. However, evidence from long-term prospective studies is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to longitudinally evaluate this association in a prospective cohort. The SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project is a Mediterranean cohort study of university graduates conducted in Spain, which started in December 1999 and is still ongoing. In the present study, we included 13 679 participants (5059 men and 8620 women), free of hypertension at baseline with a mean age of 36·5 (sd 10·8) years. Total fried food consumption was estimated at baseline. The outcome was the incidence of a medical diagnosis of self-reported hypertension during the follow-up period. To assess the association between the consumption of fried foods and the subsequent risk of developing incident hypertension during the follow-up period, Cox regression models were used. During a median follow-up period of 6·3 years, 1232 incident cases of hypertension were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted hazard ratios for developing hypertension were 1·18 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·36) and 1·21 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·41) for those consuming fried foods 2–4 and >4 times/week, respectively, compared with those consuming fried foods < 2 times/week (P for trend = 0·009). In conclusion, frequent consumption of fried foods at baseline was found to be associated with a higher risk of hypertension during the follow-up period in a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates.

scholarly journals Sources of dietary protein and risk of hypertension in a general Dutch population

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1897-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieke Altorf-van der Kuil ◽  
Mariëlle F. Engberink ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
Jolanda M. A. Boer ◽  
W. M. Monique Verschuren
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Lower Tertile ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Evidence suggests a small beneficial effect of dietary protein on blood pressure (BP), especially for plant protein. We examined the relationship between several types of dietary protein (total, plant, animal, dairy, meat and grain) and the risk of hypertension in a general population of 3588 Dutch adults, aged 26–65 years, who were free of hypertension at baseline. Measurements were done at baseline and after 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Hazard ratios (HR), with 95 % CI, for incident hypertension were obtained in tertiles of energy-adjusted protein, using time-dependent Cox regression models. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking, baseline systolic BP, dietary confounders and protein from other sources (if applicable). Mean BP was 118/76 mmHg at baseline. Protein intake was 85 (sd 22) g/d (approximately 15 % of energy) with 62 % originating from animal sources. The main sources of protein were dairy products (28 %), meat (24 %) and grain (19 %). During the follow-up, 1568 new cases of hypertension were identified (44 % of the participants). Energy-adjusted intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein was not significantly associated with hypertension risk (all HR approximately 1·00, P>0·60). Protein from grain showed a significant inverse association with incident hypertension, with a HR of 0·85 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·00, Ptrend = 0·04) for the upper tertile ( ≥ 18 g/d) v. the lower tertile ( < 14 g/d), whereas dairy protein and meat protein were not associated with incident hypertension. In conclusion, higher intake of grain protein may contribute to the prevention of hypertension, which warrants confirmation in other population-based studies and randomised controlled trials.

scholarly journals Binge Drinking and Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’) Project

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Itziar Gardeazabal ◽  
Andrea Romanos-Nanclares ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Incident Cases

Alcohol intake is associated with the risk of breast cancer. Different patterns of alcohol-drinking may have different effects on breast cancer even when keeping constant the total amount of alcohol consumed. We aimed to assess the association between binge drinking and breast cancer risk. The SUN Project is a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of university graduates initiated in 1999. In the 556-item lifestyle baseline questionnaire a validated food-frequency questionnaire was embedded. Participants completed biennial follow-up questionnaires. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for breast cancer associated with the exposure to binge drinking. A stratified analysis was performed according to menopausal status. We included 9577 women (mean age = 34 years, SD = 10 years), with a median follow-up of 11.8 years. Among 104,932 women-years of follow-up, we confirmed 88 incident cases of breast cancer. Women in the binge drinking group showed a higher risk of breast cancer (HR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03–2.99) compared to women in the non-binge drinking category. In the stratified analysis, a 2-fold higher risk for premenopausal breast cancer was associated with binge drinking habit (HR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.11–3.82). This study adds new evidence on the association of binge drinking with breast cancer risk.

scholarly journals Associations Between an Overall, Healthful and Unhealthful Low-Fat Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in a Mediterranean Cohort: The SUN Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Aguilera Buenosvinos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martinez-Gonzalez ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Iztiar Zazpe ◽  
Cesar Ignacio Fernández Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Sun Project

Abstract Objectives Dietary patterns may have a greater influence on human health than individual foods or nutrients and they are also being widely studied in the field of breast cancer prevention. Beyond the adequate balance of macronutrients, evidence shows that the quality of fat sources may play an important role in health outcomes. Our aim was to assess the relationship between healthful and less healthful low-fat dietary patterns in relation to breast cancer in a Mediterranean cohort (the SUN project). Methods The SUN Project is a Mediterranean dynamic prospective follow-up cohort study assessing participants every 2 years. We evaluated 10,930 middle-aged women initially free of breast cancer during a median of follow-up of 12.1 years. Dietary variables were evaluated through a previously validated 136-item FFQ. We calculated an overall, an unhealthful, and a healthful low-fat-diet score (rang: 0–30 points) based on the percentage of energy from total and subtypes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Participants were then categorized into tertiles.  Incident breast cancer was de primary outcome. We fitted Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders to investigate the relationship between baseline categories of low-fat-diet scores and the incidence of breast cancer- overall and stratified by menopausal status-. Results During 123,297 person-years of follow-up, 119 cases of incident breast cancer were confirmed. Among postmenopausal women, a significant direct association with postmenopausal breast cancer (comparing tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, HR = 2.60; 95% CI 1.24–5.45, P value = 0.012) was found.  None of the other associations was statistically significant. Conclusions In this Mediterranean prospective cohort study, a moderate adherence to an unhealthy low-fat-diet-score might increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. These results must be further confirmed in future studies. Funding Sources The SUN project received funding from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund, the Navarra Regional Government and the University of Navarra.

scholarly journals The association of priori and posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension. Materials/methods This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥ 18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008–2011 to 2016–2018. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension. Results During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean ± SD age at baseline was 40.3 ± 13.5 and 37.9 ± 12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI 1.00–1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension. Conclusion Our findings showed that higher adherences to the posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns were not associated with risk of hypertension in this population.

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