scholarly journals Later Meal and Sleep Timing Predicts Higher Percent Body Fat

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Thomas ◽  
Adnin Zaman ◽  
Marc-Andre Cornier ◽  
Victoria A. Catenacci ◽  
Emma J. Tussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
P Value ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase

Accumulating evidence suggests that later timing of energy intake (EI) is associated with increased risk of obesity. In this study, 83 individuals with overweight and obesity underwent assessment of a 7-day period of data collection, including measures of body weight and body composition (DXA) and 24-h measures of EI (photographic food records), sleep (actigraphy), and physical activity (PA, activity monitors) for 7 days. Relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (DXA) with meal timing, sleep, and PA were examined. For every 1 h later start of eating, there was a 1.25 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.91) unit increase in percent body fat (False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjusted p value = 0.010). For every 1 h later midpoint of the eating window, there was a 1.35 (95% CI: 0.51, 2.19) unit increase in percent body fat (FDR p value = 0.029). For every 1 h increase in the end of the sleep period, there was a 1.64 (95% CI: 0.56, 2.72) unit increase in percent body fat (FDR p value = 0.044). Later meal and sleep timing were also associated with lower PA levels. In summary, later timing of EI and sleep are associated with higher body fat and lower levels of PA in people with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Relationship of Migraine and Body Mass Index (BMI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Mohammed Momenuzzaman Khan ◽  
Md Nazmul Huda ◽  
Manabendra Bhattacharjee ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin ◽  
Mustofa Kamal Uddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Migraine is an important cause of headache and headache-related disabilities. It increases loss of working time, causes inability to carry out daily activities and disruption of family and social life. The pathophysiology of migraine is still poorly understood. On the other hand, the prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing worldwide. The consequence of overweight and obesity includes increased risk of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer.Objectives: This study was performed to assess the relationship between BMI and migraine by finding out the relationship between migraine frequency and duration in different BMI groups, comparing the socio-demographic variables in migraine and non-migraine patients and to find out the migraine related co-morbidities.Materials and Methods: This observational case-control study was conducted on 100 subjects aged 12–50 years in the Neurology Outpatient Department, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh in the period of January 2011 to December 2012. Out of total subjects fifty migraine patients were selected as cases and fifty nonmigraineurs as controls. Subjects were then categorized in three groups based on BMI: <23, 23 to 25 and >25. Collected data were compiled and appropriate analyses were done by using computer based software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. For statistical analysis one way ANOVA tests were done for comparing means of quantitative data and Chi-square tests were done for qualitative data. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, majority (>95%) of the study subjects were between 10 and 35 years of age. Mean age of case group was found 25.55 ± 5.87 and that of control was 25.53 ± 4.22 years. Case group contained 10 (20%) males and 40 (80%) females whereas control group had 14 (28%) males and 36 (72%) females. Number of female cases and controls were higher than that of male. In control group 30 (60%) were unmarried and 20 (40%) were married. There was no significant difference in the financial condition between case and control groups. Students and housewives occupied the largest number of study subjects who were unemployed. Regarding residence, rural and urban patients were equal in case group and in control group 29 (58%) were urban and 21 (42%) rural. Mean duration of headache was 8.9 ± 7.5, 5.8 ± 6.7, 9.6 ± 14.3 years in different BMI groups (<23, 23–25, >25 respectively) in case group and 4.6 ± 5.3, 4.4 ± 3.4, 3.4 ± 1.4 years in control group respectively. There was significant difference in quality of headache. In migrainous group 58.6% in BMI <23, 30% in BMI 23–25, 36.4% in BMI >25 noted their headache as throbbing, in contrast most of the nonmigrainous described them as dull in nature. Mean frequency of headache per month was significantly higher in migraine group compared to non-migraine group (p=0.02). Regarding associated symptoms, nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia were observed significantly higher in migraine patients in BMI <23 group. Odd ratios (ORs) for vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia with 95% confidence interval (CI) were 23.385 (2.752–97.739), 16.500 (3.060– 88.971) and 13.000 (2.922–57.846) respectively. Smoking was found significantly higher in nonmigrainous group than migraine group in case of BMI <23.Conclusion: From the result of present study it can be concluded that there is statistically no significant relation of BMI with frequency of headache, but some relationship were observed for associated symptoms of migraine with low BMI.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 80-87

scholarly journals Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 (SCARB1), rs1800629 (UCP1) and rs659366 (UCP2)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Sebastià Galmés ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
Francisca Serra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
P Value ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity is characterized by an excessive body fat percentage (BF%). Animal and cell studies have shown benefits of vitamin A (VA) on BF% and lipid metabolism, but it is still controversial in humans. Furthermore, although some genetic variants may explain heterogeneity in VA plasma levels, their role in VA metabolic response is still scarcely characterized. This study was designed as a combination of an observational study involving 158 male subjects followed by a study with a well-balanced genotype–phenotype protocol, including in the design an ex vivo intervention study performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the 41 former males. This is a strategy to accurately identify the delivery of Precision Nutrition recommendations to targeted subjects. The study assesses the influence of rs5888 (SCARB1), rs659366 (UCP2), and rs1800629 (UCP1) variants on higher BF% associated with suboptimal VA consumption and underlines the cellular mechanisms involved by analyzing basal and retinoic acid (RA) response on PBMC gene expression. Data show that male carriers with the major allele combinations and following suboptimal-VA diet show higher BF% (adjusted ANOVA test p-value = 0.006). Genotype–BF% interaction is observed on oxidative/inflammatory gene expression and also influences lipid related gene expression in response to RA. Data indicate that under suboptimal consumption of VA, carriers of VA responsive variants and with high-BF% show a gene expression profile consistent with an impaired basal metabolic state. The results show the relevance of consuming VA within the required amounts, its impact on metabolism and energy balance, and consequently, on men’s adiposity with a clear influence of genetic variants SCARB1, UCP2 and UCP1.

scholarly journals Increased Adiposity Appraised with CUN-BAE Is Highly Predictive of Incident Hypertension. The SUN Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
Carmen Sayón-Orea ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Estefania Toledo ◽  
Mario Barbagallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Unit Increase

Overweight and obesity are growing worldwide and strongly associated with hypertension. The Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) index is proposed as an optimal indicator of body fatness. We aimed to investigate the association of body fat as captured by the CUN-BAE index with incident hypertension in a Mediterranean population. We assessed 15,950 participants of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort (63.7% women) initially free of hypertension. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires biennially. A validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline. We used Cox models adjusted for multiple confounders. Among 12.3 years of median follow-up (interquartile range: 8.3, 15.0 years), 2160 participants reported having received a diagnosis of hypertension. We observed a strong direct association between progressively higher the CUN-BAE index at baseline and incident hypertension during follow-up in multivariable-adjusted models for men and women, even after further adjustment for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, showing a significant association also in non-obese participants. For each 2-unit increase in the CUN-BAE index, hypertension risk increased by 27% and 29% in men and women, respectively. The results remained significant when considering longitudinal repeated measures of changes in body fat assessed with the CUN-BAE index among the different biennial follow-up questionnaires. Our results emphasize the importance of reducing and maintaining a low body fat to prevent hypertension.

Abstract P373: Changes in Adipokines with Weight Loss and Regain in a 24-Month Behavioral Weight Loss Study: The SMART Trial

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora E Burke ◽  
Erica Ambeba ◽  
Lei Ye ◽  
Mindi Styn ◽  
Sushama Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Over Time

Background: Weight regain commonly occurs in many adults who intentionally lose weight. Failure to maintain weight loss can lead to an increased risk for chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. A potential mechanism behind the increased risk includes the increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and the decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin and IL-10). Objectives: We conducted an ancillary study to a 24-month behavioral weight loss trial. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between weight loss and regain and changes in body fat from baseline to 24 months and changes in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and adiponectin. Methods: The analysis included a subsample of participants (n=67) from the SMART Trial who lost and regained at least 10 lbs during the 24-month trial. All participants received standard behavioral treatment for weight loss in group sessions during the first 18 months beginning with weekly sessions, which decreased in frequency over time. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine the association of percent changes in weight and body fat with percent changes in adipokines. Results: The sample was 81% female and 87% White with a mean (±SD) age of 48.4±7.34 years. At entry into study the mean weight was 96.4±15.6 kg and mean BMI was 34.5±4.35 kg/m 2 . Percent body fat was on average 42.1±6.13%. Mean weight change from baseline to six months was -10.7±5.19% and from baseline to 24 months was -3.34±6.66% while mean change in percent body fat was -8.07±11.6% from baseline to six months and -3.03±9.57% from baseline to 24 months. Weight loss over time was significantly associated with an increase in adiponectin [b(se)=-1.7(0.34), p<.0001] and a decrease in IL-6 [b(se)=1.26(0.49), p=0.01]. A similar pattern of associations was observed for reduction in body fat over time with an increase for adiponectin [b(se)=-0.76(0.19), p<.0001] and a decrease for IL-6 [b(se)=0.68(0.25), p=.006]. There were no significant associations found for either weight loss or change in percent body fat with change in IL-10 [weight: b(se)=0.51(0.54), p=.35; body fat: b(se)=0.43(0.28), p=.12] and TNF-alpha [weight: b(se)=0.35(0.44), p=.43; body fat: b(se)=0.19(0.24), p=.43] over 24-months. Conclusion: Weight loss and reduction in body fat were significantly associated with improvements in two of the adipokines. However, by 24 months, when weight regain occurred, those changes were attenuated. Implementing strategies that support healthy behaviors and sustained weight loss can help prevent a state of chronic systemic inflammation and prevent adverse health outcomes.

Body composition and the apoB/apoA-I ratio in migrant Asian Indians and white Caucasians in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Katherine Cianflone ◽  
Maha Al-Amri ◽  
Allan Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
P Value ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Migrant and native South Asians appear to be at increased risk of Type II diabetes mellitus and coronary disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the most accurate summary index of the lipoprotein-related risk of vascular disease, the apoB (apolipoprotein B-100)/apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) ratio, and body composition in established migrant South Asians and white Caucasians living in Canada. Men and women living in Montreal, Canada between the ages of 20–60 years were recruited for participation in the study. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of cardiovascular disease or were taking lipid-lowering medication. Individuals identified themselves as Asian Indian or Caucasian. Anthropometric measurements were collected, including weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and body fat percentage. Plasma samples were analysed for total cholesterol, HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), apoA-I and apoB. Indian subjects had a substantially higher WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) than Caucasian subjects [men, 0.93±0.01 compared with 0.86±0.01 respectively (P<0.001); women, 0.88±0.01 compared with 0.77±0.01 respectively (P<0.0001)]. WHR correlated strongly with body fat percentage in Caucasians (men, r=0.63, P=0.0002; women, r=0.74, P<0.0001). By contrast, there was no correlation in Indians (men, r=0.22, P value not significant; women, r=0.23, P value not significant). In addition, Indian men and women had a higher apoB/A-I ratio than Caucasians [men, 0.85±0.04 compared with 0.66±0.04 respectively (P=0.001); women, 0.73±0.04 compared with 0.56±0.03 respectively (P=0.0003)]. Of interest, there were also significant correlations between the apoB/apoA-I ratio and WHR in all of the groups, except the Indian women, which were stronger than the correlation of the apoB/apoA-I ratio with BMI. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the apoB/apoA-I ratio and the body fat percentage in any of the groups. In conclusion, the present study confirms that, as body fat percentage increases, the distribution of body fat differs between migrant Indians and Caucasians living in Canada. It also relates differences in body fat distribution to differences in the apoB/apoA-I ratio, providing at least part of the answer as to why South Asians may be at increased risk of vascular disease.

scholarly journals The Relation Between Prenatal Stress, Overweight and Obesity in Children Diagnosed According to BMI and Percentage Fat Tissue.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Bryl ◽  
Tomasz Hanć ◽  
Paula Szcześniewska ◽  
Agata Dutkiewicz ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Obesity In Children

Abstract BackgroundOverweight and obesity in children have a negative impact not only on the physical development but also on the mental health of children. That is why researchers are constantly looking for possible causes of such high frequency of this phenomenon. One of the environmental factors contributing to abnormal weight changes in children may be maternal exposure to adverse environmental factors during pregnancy, which in previous studies led to inconclusive results showing both overweight and obesity and underweight in children. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between prenatal stress and body weight status. MethodsThe cohort study included 254 girls and 276 boys. Information on prenatal stress was collected with a questionnaire completed by a parent/guardian of a 6–12-year-old child. We assessed the body mass status on the basis of BMI according to the IOTF criterion and on the basis of body fat according to McCarthy criterion. ResultsThe results of our study show that the prenatal stress was related to increased risk of overweight (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.25-3.65) diagnosed on the basis of body fat cut-off points, but not when the BMI was a diagnostic criterion (OR 1.03, 95%CI:0.58-1.83). ConclusionThe method of diagnosis based on the fat content appears to be an indicator of the occurrence of abnormalities in body composition due to prenatal stress more sensitive than that based on the BMI. Level of evidence: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat and Visceral Fat in Relation to Dietary Fat and Fiber Intake among University Females

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Rafia Bano ◽  
Eyad AlShammari ◽  
Aljawharah Almedan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fiber Intake

Recent economic upliftment has brought many changes in the food choices and eating habits from home made to fast foods. This shift in the area of nutrition has given rise to overweight and obesity. Considering this the present study was planned to 1) determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of university students 2) Find the relationship between the body composition and dietary fat and fibre intake. A total of 300 university females, 18-30+ years were randomly selected from all the colleges at the University of Hail for the present study. A Self-administered questionnaire was given, and the Body composition were measured with the help of bio-electric impedance analysis technique. Data were analysed using SPSS -17 software. The results indicated that 22% of the students were overweight and 21.3% were obese. The mean percent body fat as well as visceral fat exceeded its normal limits in around 44% of the participants. Vegetables and fruits, except dates, were not frequently consumed by most of the participants with a mean intake of fibre as 14g/day. Significant positive correlations were found among Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat% and Visceral Fat level. Strong positive correlation was also found between BMI and fat intake (P< 0.01), whereas the body composition and fiber intake was found to be inversely correlated (P<0.01). Findings of present study suggest that there is need for coordinated efforts at all levels to reduce the prevalence of obesity and high percentage of body fat, and to develop healthy eating habits in young generation.

scholarly journals Elevated glycohemoglobin is linked to critical illness in CoVID-19: a retrospective analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110273
Author(s):  
Samuel Windham ◽  
Melissa P. Wilson ◽  
Connor Fling ◽  
David Sheneman ◽  
Taylor Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Chart Abstraction ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The University

Background: Several studies have explored hospitalization risk factors with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Our goal was to identify clinical characteristics outside of laboratory or radiologic data associated with intubation or death within 7 days of admission. Methods: The first 436 patients admitted to the University of Colorado Hospital (Denver metropolitan area) with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, and select medications were collected by chart abstraction. Missing height for calculating body mass index (BMI) was imputed using the median height for patients’ sex and race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and a minimax concave penalty (MCP) regularized logistic regression explored prediction. Results: Participants had a mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 55 (17), BMI 30.9 (8.2), 55% were male and 80% were ethnic/racial minorities. Increasing age [aOR: 1.24 (1.07, 1.45) per 10 years], higher BMI (aOR 1.03 (1.00, 1.06), and poorly controlled diabetes [hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) ⩾ 8] (aOR 2.26 (1.24, 4.12) were significantly ( p < 0.05) associated with greater odds of intubation or death. Female sex [aOR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.40, 0.98); p value = 0.043] was associated with lesser odds of intubation or death. The odds of death and/or intubation increased 19% for every 1 unit increase in HbA1c value [OR: 1.19 (1.01, 1.43); p = 0.04]. Our final MCP model included indicators of A1C ⩾ 8, age > 65, sex, and minority status, but predicted intubation/death only slightly better than random chance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.61 (0.56, 0.67)]. Conclusion: In a hospitalized patient cohort with COVID-19, worsening control of diabetes as evidenced by higher HbA1c was associated with increased risk of intubation or death within 7 days of admission. These results complement and help clarify previous associations found between diabetes and acute disease in COVID-19. Importantly, our analysis is missing some known predictors of severity in COVID-19. Our predictive model had limited success, suggesting unmeasured factors contribute to disease severity differences.

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