scholarly journals Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3841
Author(s):  
Miguel Seral-Cortes ◽  
Sergio Sabroso-Lasa ◽  
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽  
Marcela Gonzalez-Gross ◽  
Eva Gesteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide major health challenges. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, but these beneficial effects may be influenced by genetic variations, modulating the predisposition to obesity or MetS. The aim was to assess whether interaction effects occur between an obesity genetic risk score (obesity-GRS) and the MD on adiposity and MetS in European adolescents. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the interaction effects of an obesity-GRS and the MD on adiposity and MetS and its components. Interaction effects between the MD on adiposity and MetS were observed in both sex groups (p < 0.05). However, those interaction effects were only expressed in a certain number of adolescents, when a limited number of risk alleles were present. Regarding adiposity, a total of 51.1% males and 98.7% females had lower body mass index (BMI) as a result of higher MD adherence. Concerning MetS, only 9.9% of males with higher MD adherence had lower MetS scores. However, the same effect was observed in 95.2% of females. In conclusion, obesity-related genotypes could modulate the relationship between MD adherence and adiposity and MetS in European adolescents; the interaction effect was higher in females than in males.

An obesity genetic risk score is associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese children

Gene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 535 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Zhao ◽  
Bo Xi ◽  
Yue Shen ◽  
Lijun Wu ◽  
Dongqing Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Chinese Children

scholarly journals Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Babio ◽  
Mònica Bulló ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean diet has long been related to a lower cardiovascular disease risk; however, more recent evidences also indicate that it has a favourable effect on adiposity and type 2 diabetes.DesignReview of the available literature in relation to Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.ResultsSeveral components of Mediterranean diet patterns have been inversely related with body mass index. They are considered to be modulators of insulin resistance, can exert beneficial effects on blood pressure, improve atherogenic dyslipidemia or attenuate the inflammatory burden associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been associated with dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, legumes and fish, moderate in alcohol and low in red meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates and whole-fat dairy products.ConclusionsThere is much evidence suggesting that the Mediterranean diet could serve as an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, which could help to fight diseases related to chronic inflammation, including metabolic syndrome.

Association between anti-oxidant genetic risk score and metabolic syndrome in THAI subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. e78-e80
Author(s):  
Chatri Settasatian ◽  
Nongnuch Settasatian ◽  
Nisa Decharatchakul ◽  
Ingkarat Sarutipaiboon ◽  
Rujikorn Rattanatum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Thai Subjects ◽  
Anti Oxidant

scholarly journals Ancestry specific associations of a genetic risk score, dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal ARIC study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale S. Hardy ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Jane T. Garvin ◽  
Hirut T. Gebrekristos ◽  
Tesfaye B. Mersha
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern

Abstract Background Associations have been observed among genetic variants, dietary patterns, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A gap in knowledge is whether a genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary patterns interact to increase MetS risk among African Americans. We investigated whether MetS risk was influenced by interaction between a GRS and dietary patterns among Whites and African Americans. A secondary aim examined if molecular genetic clusterings differed by racial ancestry. Methods We used longitudinal data over 4-visits (1987–1998) that included 10,681 participants aged 45–64y at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (8451 Whites and 2230 African Americans). We constructed a simple-count GRS as the linear weighted sum of high-risk alleles (0, 1, 2) from cardiovascular disease polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog associated with MetS risk. Three dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis of food frequency questionnaire data: Western, healthy, and high-fat dairy. MetS was defined according to the 2016 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria but used 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology criteria for elevated blood pressure. Analyses included generalized linear model risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Results The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher risk for MetS across increasing GRS tertiles among Whites (p < 0.017). The high-fat dairy pattern was protective against MetS, but its impact was most effective in the lowest GRS tertile in Whites (RR = 0.62; CI: 0.52–0.74) and African Americans (RR = 0.67; CI: 0.49–0.91). Among each racial group within GRS tertiles, the Western dietary pattern was associated with development and cycling of MetS status between visits, and the high-fat dairy pattern with being free from MetS (p < 0.017). The healthy dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of MetS among African Americans which may be explained by higher sucrose intake (p < 0.0001). Fewer genes, but more metabolic pathways for obesity, body fat distribution, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were identified in African Americans than Whites. Some polymorphisms were linked to the Western and high-fat dairy patterns. Conclusion The influence of dietary patterns on MetS risk appears to differ by genetic predisposition and racial ancestry.

scholarly journals Association of genetic risk for Alzheimer disease and hearing impairment

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. e2225-e2234
Author(s):  
Willa D. Brenowitz ◽  
Teresa J. Filshtein ◽  
Kristine Yaffe ◽  
Stefan Walter ◽  
Sarah F. Ackley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Speech In Noise

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that incipient Alzheimer disease (AD) may adversely affect hearing and that hearing loss may adversely affect cognition, we evaluated whether genetic variants that increase AD risk also increase problem hearing and genetic variants that increase hearing impairment risk do not influence cognition.MethodsUK Biobank participants without dementia ≥56 years of age with Caucasian genetic ancestry completed a Digit Triplets Test of speech-in-noise hearing (n = 80,074), self-reported problem hearing and hearing with background noise (n = 244,915), and completed brief cognitive assessments. A genetic risk score for AD (AD-GRS) was calculated as a weighted sum of 23 previously identified AD-related polymorphisms. A genetic risk score for hearing (hearing-GRS) was calculated using 3 previously identified polymorphisms related to hearing impairment. Using age-, sex-, and genetic ancestry–adjusted logistic and linear regression models, we evaluated whether the AD-GRS predicted poor hearing and whether the hearing-GRS predicted worse cognition.ResultsPoor speech-in-noise hearing (>-5.5-dB speech reception threshold; prevalence 14%) was associated with lower cognitive scores (ß = −1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.54 to −1.03). Higher AD-GRS was significantly associated with poor speech-in-noise hearing (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.11) and self-reported problems hearing with background noise (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.05). Hearing-GRS was not significantly associated with cognitive scores (ß = −0.05; 95% CI −0.17 to 0.07).ConclusionsGenetic risk for AD also influences speech-in-noise hearing. We failed to find evidence that genetic risk for hearing impairment affects cognition. AD disease processes or a that shared etiology may cause speech-in-noise difficulty before dementia onset.

scholarly journals Fine-Mapping of the PLCL2 Gene Identifies Candidate Variants Associated With Ischaemic Stroke Risk in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Huang ◽  
Qiang Ye ◽  
Yanlei Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Chen ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and aimsA genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported PLCL2 on chromosome 3p24.3 (rs4618210:A>G) as a novel susceptibility locus for myocardial infarction in the Japanese population. As the most common pathological process, atherosclerosis leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related ischaemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction. Hypothesizing that polymorphisms of the PLCL2 gene might be associated with the onset and prognosis of IS in MetS patients, we performed the following study in a Chinese Han population. MethodsA total of 709 cases (patients with MetS plus IS) and 711 controls (patients with MetS) were enrolled. A fine-mapping strategy was adopted to identify tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PLCL2 gene, and improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technology was used to genotype the selected SNPs. Logistic regression was used to analyse the values of the selected SNPs for the risk of IS between the cases and controls, adjusting for sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, smoking and drinking. To compare the mean age of IS onset among different risk score groups, a genetic risk score was constructed for each case. The cumulative risk of IS events in the case group was presented using a cumulative incidence curve. All cases were followed up for 3 months, and functional outcomes were recorded prospectively.ResultsTwo SNPs (rs4685423 and rs4618210) were significantly related to the risk of IS in MetS patients. For rs4685423, patients who were AA homozygotes were less likely to suffer from IS than C-allele carriers (OR 0.718; 95% CI 0.567–0.909; multivariate-adjusted, P = 0.006). For rs4618210, A-allele carriers were less likely to develop IS than patients who were GG homozygotes (OR 0.679; 95% CI 0.548–0.841; multivariate-adjusted, P < 0.001). As the genetic risk score increased, the mean age at IS onset decreased (log-rank P = 0.010). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcomes across the rs4685423 (P = 0.319) or rs4618210 polymorphisms (P = 0.148). ConclusionsOur findings suggested that genetic polymorphisms of PLCL2 might be associated with the onset of MetS-related IS. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings in other ethnic populations.

Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (31) ◽  
pp. 5039-5044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Antonio Mistretta ◽  
Stefano Marventano ◽  
Agata Purrello ◽  
Paola Vitaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Modifiable lifestyle behaviors, but not a genetic risk score, associate with metabolic syndrome in evening chronotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Vera ◽  
Hassan S. Dashti ◽  
Purificación Gómez-Abellán ◽  
Antonio M. Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Alberto Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors

scholarly journals Ancestry Specific Associations of a Genetic Risk Score, Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal ARIC Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Sharon Hardy ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Jane T. Garvin ◽  
Hirut T. Gebrekristos ◽  
Tesfaye B. Mersha
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern

Abstract Background: Associations have been observed among genetic variants, dietary patterns, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A gap in knowledge is whether a genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary patterns interact to increase MetS risk among African Americans. We investigated whether MetS risk was influenced by interaction between a GRS and dietary patterns among Whites and African Americans. A secondary aim examined if molecular genetic clusterings differed by racial ancestry.Methods: We used longitudinal data over 4-visits (1987-1998) that included 10,681 participants aged 45-64y at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (8,451 Whites and 2,230 African Americans). We constructed a simple-count GRS as the linear weighted sum of high-risk alleles (0, 1, 2) from cardiovascular disease polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog associated with MetS risk. Three dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis of food frequency questionnaire data: Western, healthy, and high-fat dairy. MetS was defined according to the 2016 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria but used 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology criteria for elevated blood pressure. Analyses included generalized linear model risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.Results: The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher risk for MetS across increasing GRS tertiles among Whites (p<.017). The high-fat dairy pattern was protective against MetS, but its impact was most effective in the lowest GRS tertile in Whites (RR=0.62; CI:0.52-0.74) and African Americans (RR=0.67; CI:0.49-0.91). Among each racial group within GRS tertiles, the Western dietary pattern was associated with development and cycling of MetS status between visits, and the high-fat dairy pattern with being free from MetS (p<.017). The healthy dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of MetS among African Americans which may be explained by higher sucrose intake (p<.0001). Fewer genes, but more metabolic pathways for obesity, body fat distribution, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were identified in African Americans than Whites. Some polymorphisms were linked to the Western and high-fat dairy patterns.Conclusion: A dietary pattern characterized by high-fat dairy foods may be protective against MetS among individuals with a genetic predisposition.

1535-P: An Insulin Resistance Genetic Risk Score (IR_GRS) Is Associated with Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1535-P
Author(s):  
RACHEL G. MILLER ◽  
TINA COSTACOU ◽  
SUNA ONENGUT-GUMUSCU ◽  
WEI-MIN CHEN ◽  
STEPHEN S. RICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score
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