scholarly journals Role of Fluid Milk in Attenuating Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Hypertriglyceridemia

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3806
Author(s):  
Miriam Leary ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dairy Consumption

Postprandial plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations are predictive of relative cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and atherosclerosis has been attributed to acute states of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Postprandial lipemia and hyperglycemia suppress vascular reactivity and induce endothelial dysfunction. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronically-high consumption of milk and milk products is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. The addition of dairy products to meals high in carbohydrates and fat may lessen these risks through reductions in postprandial glucose and triglyceride responses. Purported mechanisms include dairy proteins and bioactive compounds, which may explain the inverse relationship between dairy consumption and cardiometabolic diseases. The current review evaluates the available literature describing the relationships between metabolic dysfunction, postprandial metabolism, and vascular dysfunction and discusses the potential role of milk and dairy products in attenuating these impairments.

scholarly journals Consumption of dairy products and cardiovascular disease risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Laury Sellem ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In France, dairy products contribute to dietary saturated fat intake, of which reduced consumption is often recommended for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Epidemiological evidence on the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk remains unclear, suggesting either null or inverse associations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dairy consumption (overall and specific foods) and CVD risk in a large cohort of French adults. This prospective analysis included participants aged ≥ 18 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019). Daily dietary intakes were collected using 24h-dietary records. Total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurts, fermented and reduced-fat dairy intakes were investigated. CVD cases (n=1,952) included cerebrovascular (n=878 cases) and coronary heart diseases (CHD, n=1,219 cases). Multivariable Cox models were performed to investigate associations. This analysis included n=104,805 French adults (mean age at baseline 42.8 years (SD 14.6)), mean follow-up 5.5 years (SD 3.0, i.e. 579,155 persons years). There were no significant associations between dairy intakes and total CVD or CHD risks. However, the consumption of at least 160 g/d of fermented dairy (e.g. cheese and yogurts) was associated with a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared to intakes below 57 g/d (HR=0.81 [0.66-0.98], p-trend=0.01). Despite being a major dietary source of saturated fats, dairy consumption was not associated with CVD or CHD risks in this study. However, fermented dairy was associated with a lower cerebrovascular disease risk. Robust randomized controlled trials are needed to further assess the impact of consuming different dairy foods on CVD risk and potential underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease; A distinct entity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranga Harshani Silva ◽  
Chandima Madhu Wickramatilake ◽  
Sarath Lekamwasam ◽  
Lakmini Kumari Boralugoda Mudduwa ◽  
Ranjuka Arushana Ubayasiri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Calcium And Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Conventional Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its occurrence and severity cannot be fully defined by the conventional cardiovascular risk factors namely age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Contemporary studies have examined the role of non-conventional risk factors such as anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, calcium and phosphate metabolism, vascular stiffness due to endothelial dysfunction ( ED), oxidative injury, and inflammation in the causation of CVD in CKD. Therapeutic interventions used in non-CKD patients are found to be less effective on patients with CKD. The purpose of this review was to gather available evidence on the CVD risk among CKD patients. Numerous mechanisms have been postulated to describe the increased atherogenicity in CKD patients. We discuss these mechanisms especially arterial stiffness, ED and inflammation in detail. In conclusion, CVD in CKD is still an unexplored area which needs further studies to uncover the possible mechanisms. Identifying newer therapies to improve health among this group of patients is of paramount importance.

Meal fatty acids and postprandial vascular reactivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Jackson ◽  
C.K. Armah ◽  
A.M. Minihane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

With increasing recognition of the pivotal role of vascular dysfunction in the progression of atherosclerosis, the vasculature has emerged as an important target for dietary therapies. Recent studies have indicated that chronic fatty acid manipulation alters vascular reactivity, when measured after an overnight fast. However, individuals spend a large proportion of the day in the postprandial (non-fasted) state. Several studies have shown that high fat meals can impair endothelial function within 3–4 h, a time period often associated with peak postprandial lipaemia. Although the impact of meal fatty acids on the magnitude and duration of the postprandial lipaemic response has been extensively studied, very little is known about their impact on vascular reactivity after a meal.

scholarly journals Influence of Dairy Products on Bioavailability of Zinc from Other Food Products: A Review of Complementarity at a Meal Level

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4253
Author(s):  
Blerina Shkembi ◽  
Thom Huppertz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Zinc Sources

In this paper, we reviewed the role of dairy products in dietary zinc absorption. Dairy products can have a reasonable contribution for dietary zinc intake in Western diets, where dairy consumption is high. However, the co-ingestion of dairy products can also improve zinc absorption from other food products. Such improvements have been observed when dairy products (e.g., milk or yoghurt) were ingested together with food such as rice, tortillas or bread products, all of which are considered to be high-phytate foods with low inherent zinc absorption. For foods low in phytate, the co-ingestion of dairy products did not improve zinc absorption. Improved zinc absorption of zinc from high-phytate foods following co-ingestion with dairy products may be related to the beneficial effects of the citrate and phosphopeptides present in dairy products. Considering that the main dietary zinc sources in areas in the world where zinc deficiency is most prevalent are typically high in phytate, the inclusion of dairy products in meals may be a viable dietary strategy to improve zinc absorption.

Abstract 232: Vascular Dysfunction Induced By High Pressure Levels Is Mediated By Rac-1

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Vecchione ◽  
Maria Teresa Gentile ◽  
Alba Di Pardo ◽  
Umberto Bettarini ◽  
Giuseppe Lembo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Perfusion Period ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the vascular dysfunction present in hypertension. The molecular mechanism involved are not completely elucidated. One of the principal source of oxidative stress at vascular level is the NADPH oxidase enzyme which needs Rac-1 to be activated. Aim of our study was to evaluate the role of Rac-1 in vascular dysfunction induced by high pressure levels. To test this hypothesis, carotid of mice were placed on pressure system and subjected to increasing levels of pressure (100 and 180 mmHg). In particular, after a period of perfusion (1h) with 100 mmHg vessels were subjected to 180 mmHg for three hours. At the end of perfusion period the vascular reactivity was tested. Our results demonstrate that vessels perfused with 180mmHg (n=8) showed an impaired vasorelaxation to acetylcholine as compared to vessels perfused with 100 mmHg (n=7) (% max vasorelaxation: 47±3 vs 88±7, p<0.01). Vasorelaxation to nitroglycerin was comparable between vessels perfused respectively at 100 and 180 mmHg. Some vessels were used to evaluate oxidative stress (n=5) by dihydroethidium and Rac-1 activity (n=8) by Rac-1/PAK complex. Our results demonstrate that high pressure levels induced an increased oxidative stress and more interesting an increased Rac-1 activity as compared to vessels perfused with 100 mmHg. Thus, to clarify the role of Rac-1 in high pressure evoked oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction, some vessels (n=6) were infected with adenoviral vector containing Rac-1 dominant negative. In this experimental setting vessels perfused at 180 mmHg showed an oxidative stress and endothelial vasorelaxation comparable to that observed at 100 mmHg (% max vasorelaxation: 79±6 vs 85±7, n.s.), thus demonstrating a key role of Rac-1 in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction evoked by high pressure levels. Thus, Rac-1 could represent the target of novel therapeutic strategies for reducing vascular damage in hypertension.

scholarly journals Importance of Prandial Glucose Regulation in the Management of Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Rodica Teodora Străchinariu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apparent Paradox

AbstractThere is a worldwide epidemic increase in the number of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)patients who frequently associate with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are datasuggesting that glycemic control does not substantially reduce CVD risk buthyperglycemia increases the risk of CVD. This apparent paradox could be explainedby the role of post-prandial hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of cardiovascularcomplications in T2DM. There is numerous evidences, both experimental andclinical, for this association but controversies on this topic persist. The aim of thispaper was to review the current literature regarding the role of postprandial glucosein the genesis of CVD in T2DM.

Role of peroxynitrite in altered fetal-placental vascular reactivity in diabetes or preeclampsia

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. H1311-H1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Kossenjans ◽  
Annie Eis ◽  
Rashmi Sahay ◽  
Diane Brockman ◽  
Leslie Myatt
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Glyceryl Trinitrate ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Before And After

Oxidative stress may increase production of superoxide and nitric oxide, leading to formation of prooxidant peroxynitrite to cause vascular dysfunction. Having found nitrotyrosine residues, a marker of peroxynitrite action, in placental vessels of preeclamptic and diabetic pregnancies, we determined whether vasoreactivity is altered in these placentas and treatment with peroxynitrite produces vascular dysfunction. The responses of diabetic, preeclamptic, and normal placentas to increasing concentrations of the vasoconstrictors U-46619 (10− 9–10− 7M) and ANG II (10− 9–10− 7M) and the vasodilators glyceryl trinitrate (10− 9–10− 7M) and prostacyclin (PGI2; 10− 8–10− 6M) were compared as were responses to these agents in normal placentas before and after treatment with 3.16 × 10− 4 M peroxynitrite for 30 min. Responses to both vasoconstrictors and vasodilators were significantly attenuated in diabetic and preeclamptic placentas compared with controls. Similarly, responses to U-46619, nitroglycerin, and PGI2, but not ANG II, were significantly attenuated following peroxynitrite treatment. The presence of nitrotyrosine residues confirmed peroxynitrite interaction with placental vessels. Overall, our data suggest that peroxynitrite formation is capable of attenuating vascular responses in the human placenta.

scholarly journals New perspectives on dairy and cardiovascular health

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Lovegrove ◽  
Ditte A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

CVD are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the key dietary recommendations for CVD prevention is reduction of saturated fat intake. Yet, despite milk and dairy foods contributing on average 27 % of saturated fat intake in the UK diet, evidence from prospective cohort studies does not support a detrimental effect of milk and dairy foods on risk of CVD. The present paper provides a brief overview of the role of milk and dairy products in the diets of UK adults, and will summarise the evidence in relation to the effects of milk and dairy consumption on CVD risk factors and mortality. The majority of prospective studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between milk and dairy product consumption and risk of CVD show that milk and dairy products, excluding butter, are not associated with detrimental effects on CVD mortality or risk biomarkers that include serum LDL-cholesterol. In addition, there is increasing evidence that milk and dairy products are associated with lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness. These apparent benefits of milk and dairy foods have been attributed to their unique nutritional composition, and suggest that the elimination of milk and dairy may not be the optimum strategy for CVD risk reduction.

Mitochondrial Contributions to Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction, Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Kirkman ◽  
Austin T. Robinson ◽  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
David G. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Related Mortality

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect 1 in 3 adults and remain the leading causes of death in America. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD. Recent plateaus in CVD-related mortality rates in high income countries after decades of decline highlight a critical need to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies to mitigate and manage the risk of CVD development and progression. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is independently associated with an increased CVD risk and incidence and is therefore an attractive target for CVD prevention and management. Vascular mitochondria have emerged as an important player in maintaining vascular homeostasis. As such, age and disease related impairments in mitochondrial function contribute to vascular dysfunction and consequent increases in CVD risk. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in vascular function and discusses the ramifications of mitochondrial dysfunction on vascular health in the setting of age and disease. The adverse vascular consequences of increased mitochondria derived reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial quality control and defective mitochondrial calcium cycling are emphasized, in particular. Current evidence for both lifestyle and pharmaceutical mitochondrial-targeted strategies to improve vascular function is also presented.

Whole Milk and Full-Fat Dairy Products and Hypertensive Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Roy ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

: Lifestyle modifications in the form of diet and exercise are generally a first-line approach to reduce hypertensive risk and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Accumulating research evidence has revealed that consumption of non- and low-fat dairy products incorporated into the routine diet is an effective means to reduce elevated blood pressure and improve vascular functions. However, the idea of incorporating whole-fat or full-fat dairy products in the normal routine diet as a strategy to reduce CVD risk has been met with controversy. The aim of this review is to review both sides of the argument surrounding saturated fat intake and CVD risk from the standpoint of dairy intake. Throughout the review, we examined observational studies on relationships between CVD risk and dairy consumption, dietary intervention studies using non-fat and whole-fat dairy, and mechanistic studies investigating physiological mechanisms of saturated fat intake that may help to explain increases in cardiovascular disease risk. Currently available data have demonstrated that whole-fat dairy is unlikely to augment hypertensive risk when added to the normal routine diet but may negatively impact CVD risk. In conclusion, whole-fat dairy may not be a recommended alternative to non- or low-fat dairy products as a means to reduce hypertensive or overall CVD risk.

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