scholarly journals A Ten-Day Grape Seed Procyanidin Treatment Prevents Certain Ageing Processes in Female Rats over the Long Term

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Carme Grau-Bové ◽  
Marta Sierra-Cruz ◽  
Alba Miguéns-Gómez ◽  
Esther Rodríguez-Gallego ◽  
Raúl Beltrán-Debón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Animal ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Age Related

Adaptive homeostasis declines with age and this leads to, among other things, the appearance of chronic age-related pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Grape seed-derived procyanidins (GSPE) have been shown to be effective against several of these pathologies, mainly in young animal models. Here we test their effectiveness in aged animals: 21-month-old female rats were treated with 500 mg GSPE/kg of body weight for ten days. Afterwards they were kept on a chow diet for eleven weeks. Food intake, body weight, metabolic plasma parameters and tumor incidence were measured. The GSPE administered to aged rats had an effect on food intake during the treatment and after eleven weeks continued to have an effect on visceral adiposity. It prevented pancreas dysfunction induced by ageing and maintained a higher glucagon/insulin ratio together with a lower decrease in ketonemia. It was very effective in preventing age-related tumor development. All in all, this study supports the positive effect of GSPE on preventing some age-related pathologies.

scholarly journals Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Reverts Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements in Aged Female Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Marta Sierra-Cruz ◽  
Alba Miguéns-Gómez ◽  
Carme Grau-Bové ◽  
Esther Rodríguez-Gallego ◽  
Mayte Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Animal ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin

Obesity and ageing are current issues of global concern. Adaptive homeostasis is compromised in the elderly, who are more likely to suffer age-related health issues, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The current worldwide prevalence of obesity and higher life expectancy call for new strategies for treating metabolic disorders. Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is reported to be effective in ameliorating these pathologies, especially in young animal models. In this study, we aimed to test the effectiveness of GSPE in modulating obesity-related pathologies in aged rats fed an obesogenic diet. To do so, 21-month-old rats were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (cafeteria diet) for 11 weeks. Two time points for GSPE administration (500 mg/kg body weight), i.e., a 10-day preventive GSPE treatment prior to cafeteria diet intervention and a simultaneous GSPE treatment with the cafeteria diet, were assayed. Body weight, metabolic parameters, liver steatosis, and systemic inflammation were analysed. GSPE administered simultaneously with the cafeteria diet was effective in reducing body weight, total adiposity, and liver steatosis. However, the preventive treatment was effective in reducing only mesenteric adiposity in these obese, aged rats. Our results confirm that the simultaneous administration of GSPE improves metabolic disruptions caused by the cafeteria diet also in aged rats.

Effects of ileal transposition on food intake, dietary preference, and weight gain in Zucker obese rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R269-R273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Chen ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Obese Rats

This study evaluated the effects of ileal transposition (IT) surgery on food intake, body weight, and dietary preferences in Zucker obese rats. Eight rats had a 10-cm segment of terminal ileum transposed to the upper jejunum. Eight rats underwent sham IT (SIT) and six rats had no surgery (CON). During weeks 1-10 and 21-24, rats were fed a selection diet of protein (casein), carbohydrate (corn starch), and fat (lard) in three separate dishes. Rat chow was fed from weeks 11 to 20. IT rats had a lower weight and a lower change in weight from base line throughout most of the study. Energy intake was less in IT vs. SIT rats during the selection periods (weeks 1-10 and 21-24), but did not differ on the chow diet (weeks 11-20). Digestible energy, measured at weeks 10, 20, and 24, was lower in IT rats only at week 10. IT rats had no malabsorption by fecal calorie measurements. IT rats ate fewer fat calories at both selection periods. We conclude that IT causes long-term reduction in body weight, no malabsorption or long-term changes in digestible energy, and a persistent decrease in preference for dietary fat. Further studies are needed to determine whether increased energy expenditure is a mechanism for the long-term difference in body weight after IT.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without accelerating age-related bone loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T Turner ◽  
Michael Dube ◽  
Adam J Branscum ◽  
Carmen P Wong ◽  
Dawn A Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Age Related

Excessive weight gain in adults is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Unfortunately, dieting, exercise, and pharmacological interventions have had limited long-term success in weight control and can result in detrimental side effects, including accelerating age-related cancellous bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature (9 months old) female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover (CTx and osteocalcin). Rats were implanted with cannulae in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the gene for rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin,n=7) or a control vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP,n=10) and sacrificed 18 weeks later. A baseline control group (n=7) was sacrificed at vector administration. rAAV-Leptin-treated rats lost weight (−4±2%) while rAAV-GFP-treated rats gained weight (14±2%) during the study. At study termination, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats weighed 17% less than rAAV-GFP-treated rats and had lower abdominal white adipose tissue weight (−80%), serum leptin (−77%), and serum IGF1 (−34%). Cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis, and in lumbar vertebra tended to be lower (P<0.1) in rAAV-GFP-treated rats (13.5 months old) compared to baseline control rats (9 months old). Significant differences in cancellous bone or biomarkers of bone turnover were not detected between rAAV-Leptin and rAAV-GFP rats. In summary, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats maintained a lower body weight compared to baseline and rAAV-GFP-treated rats with minimal effects on bone mass, density, microarchitecture, or biochemical markers of bone turnover.

Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on development of obesity in the Zucker obese rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. E72-E78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Greenwood ◽  
M. P. Cleary ◽  
R. Gruen ◽  
D. Blase ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Obese Rats

Young Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) female rats were fed the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (-)-hydroxy-citrate as a dietary admixture for 39 days. In the lean rats, (-)-hydroxycitrate treatment decreased body weight, food intake, percent of body fat, and fat cell size. In the obese rat, food intake and body weight were reduced but the percent of body fat remained unchanged. Throughout the treatment period, obese rats maintained a fat cell size equivalent to their obese controls. Although a reduction in fat cell number in the obese rats occurred during the treatment period, marked hyperplasia was observed during the posttreatment period. The results of this study indicate that the obese rat, despite a substantial reduction in body weight produced by (-)-hydroxycitrate, still defends its obese body composition.

scholarly journals Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cimino ◽  
Debra Rimmington ◽  
Y. C. Loraine Tung ◽  
Katherine Lawler ◽  
Pierre Larraufie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Chromatin Regulator ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractNeuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/−p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/−p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/−p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/−p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/−p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/−p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.

BODY WEIGHT AND FOOD CONSUMPTION OF LACTATING RATS NURSING VARIOUS SIZES OF LITTERS

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ÔTA ◽  
A. YOKOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARY Changes in body weight and food consumption during lactation in rats nursing various sizes of litters were studied. The rate of increase in body weight of the mother rats during the experimental period (day 3–14 of lactation) was very similar in mothers with different numbers (2, 4, 8 and 12) of suckling pups/litter. It is suggested that the weight increase of adult female rats during lactation is related more closely to the alteration of ovarian function caused by the suckling stimulus than to the enhanced food intake during this period. Both the food intake of mother rats and the daily gain in weight of litters increased as the number of suckling pups/litter increased and as lactation advanced. Linear relationships were observed between the logarithm of the litter size and both the food intake of the mother rats and the weight gain of the litters. The presence of a close correlation between the food intake of mother rats and the quantity of milk produced by them is suggested.

Long-term effects of exogenous leptin on body weight and fat in post-obese female rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Buison ◽  
Frank Ordiz ◽  
K.-L.Catherine Jen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obese Female

Impeded Eruption Rate of the Rat Maxillary Incisor During Exposure to Different Simulated Altitudes

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1490-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Giglio ◽  
A.M. Sanz ◽  
A. Constanzo ◽  
C.E. Bozzini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Eruption Rate ◽  
Insight Into

Female rats weighing about 200 g each were separated into normoxic and hypoxic groups. The former were maintained at sea-level conditions. The hypoxic groups were placed in an altitude chamber and maintained at the equivalent of 1850 m, 4100 m, or 7100 m over a period of two weeks. Hematocrit, body weight, body length, and impeded eruption rate were recorded once a week. Food intake was recorded every day. Exposure to 1850 m did not significantly alter hematocrit, body weight and body length gains, food intake, and impeded eruption rate. Nevertheless, exposure to 4100 m and 7100 m decreased body weight and body length gains, food intake, and impeded eruption rate, and increased hematocrit value. These parameters varied as a function of altitude. In spite of the lack of conclusive evidence, this work affords further insight into the particular significance of polycythemia on the eruption rate.

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