scholarly journals Impact of Physical Activity and Weight Loss on Fat Mass, Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammation in Older African Americans with Osteoarthritis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Andrew McLeod ◽  
Linda Schiffer ◽  
Karla Castellanos ◽  
Andrew DeMott ◽  
Sarah Olender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Older African Americans ◽  
Weight Loss Group

(1) Background: There are currently very few interventions performed within a community setting that compare the effects of physical activity (PA) versus PA plus weight loss on cancer and chronic disease risk in older African Americans. Therefore, we investigated the impact of an 8 week (24 session) PA intervention compared to a PA plus weight loss intervention on fat mass, glucose metabolism, and markers of inflammation in older, overweight and obese African Americans. (2) Methods: Subjects were randomized to a PA (n = 83) or PA plus weight loss (n = 72) intervention that met three times weekly for 8 weeks. At baseline and post-intervention, anthropometrics, body composition, systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6), fasting glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. (3) Results: Subjects had a mean age of 67 years (SD = 5.3) and were mostly women (88%). The PA plus weight loss group lost more total and visceral fat than the PA group (−4.0% vs. +0.6% and −4.1% vs. +3.7%, respectively, p < 0.01 for both). Changes in inflammation and glucose metabolism were similar between groups post-intervention. Within the PA plus weight loss group only, serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly. (4) Conclusions: PA combined with weight loss can decrease total and visceral fat mass and improve insulin sensitivity, confirming that these cancer- and chronic disease-related risk factors are influenced by relatively modest lifestyle changes in the short term.

Relationship between Visceral Fat and PAI-1 in Overweight Men and Women before and after Weight Loss

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kockx ◽  
R. Leenen ◽  
J. Seidell ◽  
H. M. G. Princen ◽  
T. Kooistra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryThis study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between visceral fat accumulation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in healthy, obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. The subjects, 25 men and 25 premenopausal women, aged between 26 and 49 years, with an initial body mass index between 28 and 38 kg/m2, received a controlled diet for 13 weeks providing a 4.2 MJ/day energy deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat. Our results show that before weight loss visceral fat was significantly correlated with PAI-1 in men (r = 0.45; p <0.05), but not in women (r = -0.15; ns). The association between visceral fat and PAI-1 in men remained significant after adjustment for age and total fat mass, and multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant independent contribution of visceral fat to plasma PAI-1 levels. Both visceral fat areas and PAI-1 levels decreased significantly with weight loss in both men and women. Changes in visceral fat area were related to changes in PAI-1 in women (r = -0.43; p = 0.05) but not in men (r = -0.01; ns); however, this association in women disappeared after adjustment for total fat mass. We conclude that there is a relationship between visceral fat and PAI-1 in obese men but not in obese women, and that PAI-1 levels decrease substantially (52%) by weight loss, but this change is not related to changes in visceral fat mass per se.

scholarly journals Session 3 (Joint with the British Dietetic Association): Management of obesity Weight-loss interventions in the treatment of obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Weight Losses

Treatments to induce weight loss for the obese patient centre on the achievement of negative energy balance. This objective can theoretically be attained by interventions designed to achieve a reduction in energy intake and/or an increase in energy expenditure. Such ‘lifestyle interventions’ usually comprise one or more of the following strategies: dietary modification; behaviour change; increases in physical activity. These interventions are advocated as first treatment steps in algorithms recommended by current clinical obesity guidelines. Medication and surgical treatments are potentially available to those unable to implement ‘lifestyle interventions’ effectively by achieving losses of between 5 kg and 10 kg. It is accepted that the minimum of 5% weight loss is required to achieve clinically-meaningful benefits. Dietary treatments differ widely. Successful weight loss is most often associated with quantification of energy intake rather than macronutrient composition. Most dietary intervention studies secure a weight loss of between 5 kg and 10 kg after intervention for 6 months, with gradual weight regain at 1 year where weight changes are 3–4 kg below the starting weight. Some dietary interventions when evaluated at 2 and 4 years post intervention report the effects of weight maintenance rather than weight loss. Specific anti-obesity medications are effective adjuncts to weight loss, in most cases doubling the weight loss of those given dietary advice only. Greater physical activity alone increases energy expenditure by insufficient amounts to facilitate clinically-important weight losses, but is useful for weight maintenance. Weight losses of between half and three-quarters of excess body weight are seen at 10 years post intervention with bariatric surgery, making this arguably the most effective weight-loss treatment.

Weight Loss and High-Protein, High-Fiber Diet Consumption Impact Blood Metabolite Profiles, Body Composition, Voluntary Physical Activity, Fecal Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolites of Adult Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Sara E Belchik ◽  
Jan S Suchodolski ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs [age: 5.5±1.1 yr; body weight (BW): 14.8±2.0 kg, body condition score (BCS): 7.9±0.8] were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (wk 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (wk 0, 6, 12, 18, 24), voluntary physical activity (wk 0, 7, 15, 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (wk 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43±0.73% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased (P&lt;0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P&lt;0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P&lt;0.0001) by 3.1 kg and 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P&lt;0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P&lt;0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P&lt;0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, while fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.

Lifestyle Intervention’s Effect and Predictive Value on Weight Loss for University Employees

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592094700
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wang ◽  
Azza H. Ahmed ◽  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Biometric Data

Obesity is a costly and pervasive risk factor that requires attention to reduce chronic disease rates. This study evaluated the effect of a lifestyle medicine intervention, Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP), on reducing weight, blood pressure, lipid levels, and hemoglobin A1c. A secondary aim was to build a preliminary predictive model for computing new participants’ potential weight change from CHIP. We evaluated pre- and post-intervention biometric data of 68 individuals who completed a 10-week CHIP intervention at a Midwestern university clinic. Significant reductions ( p < 0.05) were observed in weight, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and A1c. Regression analyses indicated that the best linear model for predicting change in weight was a one-predictor model with systolic blood pressure. The CHIP intervention effectively promoted weight loss and meaningful reductions in chronic disease risk factors. Larger samples are needed for future regression analyses to create a more robust linear model.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous fat mass is associated with genetic risk scores related to proinflammatory cytokine signaling and interact with physical activity in middle-aged obese adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Daily ◽  
Hye Jeong Yang ◽  
Meiling Liu ◽  
Min Jung Kim ◽  
Sunmin Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
High Physical Activity

Abstract Background and aims Subcutaneous fat mass is negatively correlated with atherogenic risk factors, but its putative benefits remain controversial. We hypothesized that genetic variants that influence subcutaneous fat mass would modulate lipid and glucose metabolism and have interactions with lifestyles in Korean middle-aged adults with high visceral fat. Materials and methods Subcutaneous fat mass was categorized by dividing the average of subscapular skin-fold thickness by BMI and its cutoff point was 1.2. Waist circumferences were used for representing visceral fat mass with Asian cutoff points. GWAS of subjects aged 40–65 years with high visceral fat (n = 3303) were conducted and the best gene-gene interactions from the genetic variants related to subcutaneous fat were selected and explored using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated by weighted GRS that was divided into low, medium and high groups. Results Subjects with high subcutaneous fat did not have dyslipidemia compared with those with low subcutaneous fat, although both subject groups had similar amounts of total fat. The best model to influence subcutaneous fat included IL17A_rs4711998, ADCY2_rs326149, ESRRG_rs4846514, CYFIP2_rs733730, TCF7L2_rs7917983, ZNF766_rs41497444 and TGFBR3_rs7526590. The odds ratio (OR) for increasing subcutaneous fat was higher by 2.232 folds in the high-GRS group, after adjusting for covariates. However, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and C-reactive protein concentrations in the circulation were not associated with GRS. Subjects with high-GRS had higher serum HDL cholesterol levels than those with low-GRS. Physical activity and GRS had an interaction with subcutaneous fat. In subjects with low physical activity, the odds ratio for high subcutaneous fat increased by 2.232, but subcutaneous fat deposition was not affected in the high-GRS group with high physical activity. Conclusion Obese adults with high-GRS had more subcutaneous fat, but they did not show more dyslipidemia and inflammation compared to low-GRS. High physical activity prevented subcutaneous fat deposition in subjects with high GRS for subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals Using a group medical visit model to promote healthy behaviour change with an underserved population

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Holly Ann Russell ◽  
Mechelle Sanders ◽  
Lynn Moll ◽  
Melanie Murphy ◽  
Angela M Lanigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Underserved Population ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Background Models of care are needed to address physical activity, nutrition promotion and weight loss in primary care settings, especially with underserved populations who are disproportionately affected by chronic illness. Group medical visits (GMVs) are one approach that can help overcome some of the barriers to behaviour change in underserved populations, including the amount of time required to care for these patients due to socio-economic stressors and psychosocial complexities (1). GMVs have been shown to improve care in coronary artery disease and diabetes, but more evidence is needed in underserved settings. Objective This project sought to evaluate a GMV incorporating a physical activity component in an underserved patient population, measuring biometric and motivation outcome measures. Methods This project used a pre–post intervention study design through patient surveys at baseline and 12 weeks. We included validated motivational measures along with self-reported demographic information. A GMV intervention promoting physical activity and nutrition to promote weight loss was delivered by an interdisciplinary primary care team and community partners in a Federally Qualified Health Center in Rochester, NY. The intervention consisted of six, 2-hour sessions that occurred every other week at the clinic site. Results Participants lost a significant amount of weight and maintained the weight loss at 6 months. In addition, there was a significant improvement in motivation measures. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that our GMV model can improve weight loss and autonomous motivation in an underserved population. This project has potential for scalability and sustainability.

scholarly journals Effect of High Fat Diet on Weight Loss Through the Expression of Uncouple Protein 1 in Mice Visceral Fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Indira Syahraya ◽  
Hermina Novida ◽  
Lilik Herawati ◽  
Purwo Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Uncouple Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Weight Loss Group ◽  
Ucp1 Expression

Obesity has become an epidemic around the world. High fat diet (HFD) have been implemented as one of intervention to battle obesity. Uncouple protein 1 (UCP1) is one of the key factor on energy expenditure. The aim of this experiment is to see the macronutrients composition on weight loss and UCP1 expression in the visceral fat. Fifty male mice, 2-3 months old, 18-30 grams, were put in five different groups. K1 (20% protein, 62.0% carbohydrate, 12% fat), K2 (60% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 30% fat), K3 (45% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 45% fat), K4 (30% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 60% fat), K5 (15% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 75% fat). The experiment was done in four weeks, mice body weight was measured every week. UCP1 expression seen using immunohistochemistry staining was measured at the end of the fourth week. Significant weight loss was achieved by K4 (-9.60±3.81) gram by the end of week four (p<0.05). K4 had the least amount of visceral fat. The result was that K4 achieved a significant visceral fat mass (0.02±0.06) gram compared to K1 (0.53±0.08) gram. Compared to other groups K5 expressed UCP1 more than the others (3.78±3.72) cphfp. HFD fed groups produced significant weight loss, group that had the greatest weight loss is K4. Meanwhile, each group had a variety of UCP1 expression.

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