scholarly journals The Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3255
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Czajkowski ◽  
Edyta Adamska-Patruno ◽  
Witold Bauer ◽  
Joanna Fiedorczuk ◽  
Urszula Krasowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the FTO SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene–diet interaction analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed and total body fat content and distribution, blood glucose and insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile were determined. Macronutrient intake was analyzed based on three-day food records, and daily physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype of rs3751812 presented lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat content, and hip and waist circumference and presented lower obesity-related markers if more than 48% of daily energy intake was derived from carbohydrates and lower subcutaneous and visceral fat content when energy intake derived from dietary fat did not exceed 30%. Similar results were observed for rs8050136 CC genotype carriers. We did not notice any significant differences in obesity markers between genotypes of rs8044769, but we did observe a significant impact of diet-gene associations. Body weight and BMI were significantly higher in TT and CT genotype carriers if daily energy intake derived from carbohydrates was less than 48%. Moreover, in TT genotype carriers, we observed higher blood glucose concentration while fasting and during the OGTT test if more than 18% of total energy intake was derived from proteins. In conclusion, our results indicate that daily macronutrient intake may modulate the impact of FTO genetic SNPs on obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences.

Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Oxygen consumption, activity and body fat in normal and hairless mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Total Body

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.

scholarly journals Rabbit Lines Divergently Selected for Total Body Fat Content: Correlated Responses on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rozália Kasza ◽  
Tamás Donkó ◽  
Zsolt Matics ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
Ádám Csóka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Lean Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Body

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.

Body fatness, insulin sensitivity and muscle oxygen supply in adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona E. ARROWSMITH ◽  
Julie WARD ◽  
Kieron ROONEY ◽  
Adamandia D. KRIKETOS ◽  
Louise A. BAUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Muscle blood flow can be reduced in insulin-resistant states. The present study examined the importance of body fatness and insulin sensitivity as variables that may be associated with muscle oxygen supply. We studied 38 adolescents (22 males, 16 females; age 15.3–18.6 years; body mass index 17.7–34.7kg/m2) and used near-IR spectroscopy to measure the muscle re-oxygenation rate after ischaemic finger flexion exercise. Total body fat content was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment. Regional lipid compartments were also assessed for potential associations with muscle oxygen supply. Abdominal adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and soleus intramyocellular lipid levels were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Total body fat content (r = 0.67, P<0.001), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.78, P<0.001), abdominal visceral fat area (r = 0.54, P<0.001) and intramyocellular lipid levels (r = 0.68, P<0.001) were significantly related to forearm re-oxygenation half-time. After adjusting for insulin sensitivity, both total body fat content (r = 0.395, P = 0.02) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.543, P = 0.001) remained positively associated with relatively reduced muscle oxygen supply in adolescent subjects. After adjusting for body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0. 511, P = 0.002) was significantly associated with muscle oxygen supply. Thus muscle oxygen supply is associated with body fat content, and certain fat compartments may be more influential than others.

The impact of post-resistance exercise protein consumption on subsequent appetite and daily energy intake of sarcopenic older men: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Maltais ◽  
Morgane Du Bois-Dit-Bonclaude ◽  
Taha Amamou ◽  
Eléonor Riesco ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Contribution of Confectionery to the Global Obesity Epidemic: a Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonetta Ballali ◽  
Maria Gabriella Vecchio ◽  
Daniele Chiffi ◽  
Claudia Elena Gafare ◽  
Dario Gregori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sugar Source

Obesity has become, nowadays, a global concern affecting both developed and developing countries. Nutrition and physical activity represent the major factors influencing energy balance and subsequently weight status. Deciding toward an appropriate intake of all nutrients is seen as necessary to maintain a wholesome lifestyle: among nutrients, sugar plays a major role and its consumption has long been seen as an issue in public health, due to its possible role in displacing or diluting nutrients in the diet and contributing to the epidemic of obesity. A research on Pubmed was assessed to evaluate the impact of confectionery consumption, as sugar source, on the daily energy intake. The studies considered in the current paper generally failed to show that confectionery consumption leads necessarily to a shift of energy intake. Anyway, considering that till now, very few works on this topic were conducted, more researches are necessary to demonstrate the effective influence of confectionery on daily energy intake.

Correlation between acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and total body fat content in mammals

Toxicology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald J. Geyer ◽  
Irene Scheuntert ◽  
Karl Rapp ◽  
Antonius Kettrup ◽  
Friedhelm Korte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Nightshift Work on Evening Energy Intake, Diet Quality and Meal Timing in the Family: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-831
Author(s):  
Alan Flanagan ◽  
Elizabeth Lowson ◽  
Bruce A. Griffin ◽  
Debra J. Skene
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
The Family ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Impact

The percentage of women working regular nightshift work has increased in the past decade. While nightshift work has the potential to exert adverse effects on dietary habits, little is known about the impact of a parent working nightshifts on dietary habits in the family. We analysed energy intake, meal timing, and diet quality among dependent children and male partners of 20 female UK National Health Service (NHS) nurses working rotational nightshifts. Comparing nightshift against non-nightshift conditions, we hypothesised that maternal nightshift work would affect the evening energy intake, diet quality and time of eating of dependent children and adult partners. Primary outcomes were absolute energy intake and the proportion of daily energy intake consumed in the evening (16:00–23:59 h). Our results show that in pre-teen children aged 8–12 years (n = 13, mean ± SD, 9.9 ± 1.6 yrs; 9 males), the proportion of total daily energy intake consumed during periods of nightshift work was significantly greater compared to periods of non-nightshifts (45.7% ± 8.8% vs. 39.7% ± 7.0%, mean ± SD, p = 0.012). There was no effect of nightshift work on dietary habits in teenage children or partners. The finding of a greater proportion of daily energy consumed in the evening period in pre-teen children is noteworthy, as it suggests that pre-teen children more dependent than older teenage children may be more vulnerable to disruptions to dietary patterns associated with maternal nightshift work.

scholarly journals Available Starch: from food process control to lower glycemic response

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinoy Sophie ◽  
Gautier Cesbron-Lavau ◽  
Alexandra Meynier ◽  
Aurélie Goux
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Processes

AbstractStarch is one of the major sources of carbohydrates (CHO) contributing to about 50–70% of the daily energy intake in human diet. Processed foods contribute to an important part of daily energy intake, especially in occidental countries. During food processing, starch undergoes dramatic changes when heated in the presence of water or high pressure. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of controlling food processes on starch digestibility profile in cereal-based foods and the interest of preserving starch in its native, slowly digestible, form on in vivo metabolic fate.Four different food processes were evaluated: extrusion, dry bread, soft cake and rotary-moulded biscuit. The resulting differences in gelatinization of each product translated to different SDS levels. Imaging techniques (X-ray diffraction, microtomography and electronic microscopy) were used to investigate the changes in SDS structure obtained through the different food processes. For in vivo evaluation, 12 healthy subjects were recruited and consumed a portion of 50 g of available CHOs of each product, in a crossover design. Glycemic and insulin responses were evaluated over 120 minutes in postprandial period.We showed that rotary molding technology preserved starch in its intact form and provided the highest SDS content (28g/100g) when the three other technologies (dried bread, soft cake and extrusion) led to SDS content below 3g/100 g. In addition, the lowest SDS contents are explained by a higher level of starch structure disruption which translated in a shift from crystalline structure into amorphous one. These data were linked to in vivo results. The global analysis for GI indicated that a significant difference existed among the foods’ mean GI values (p < 0.0001). Rotary product showed the lowest GI values. The soft, the dried bread had medium GI and extruded product had the highest GI with 77. The global analysis for II indicated that a significant difference existed among the foods’ mean II values (p < 0.0001), with the same order as for GI values. In addition, a portion of rotary-molded biscuit decreased significantly the glycemic peak by 1 mM compared to the 3 other products.Decrease of postprandial glycemia is a meaningful target in the prevention of metabolic diseases. This can be achieved through the modification of dietary factors such as starch digestibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document