scholarly journals Bilberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate NAFLD by Improving Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3252
Author(s):  
Hironobu Nakano ◽  
Shusong Wu ◽  
Kozue Sakao ◽  
Taichi Hara ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Preventive Effects

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome closely linked to dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Bilberry anthocyanins (BA) have been reported to have preventive effects against metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of BA in a Western diet (WD)-induced mouse model. The results revealed that supplementation with BA attenuated the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), fat content in liver, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) caused by WD. Furthermore, gut microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that BA reduced remarkably the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) and modified gut microbiome. In particular, BA increased the relative abundance of g_Akkermansia and g_Parabacteroides. Taken together, our data demonstrated that BA might ameliorate WD-induced NAFLD by attenuating dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemic Rats Fed High Fat Diet as a Model of Metabolic Syndrome

2016 ◽  
pp. S515-S518 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. KAPRINAY ◽  
B. LIPTÁK ◽  
L. SLOVÁK ◽  
K. ŠVÍK ◽  
V. KNEZL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
High Fat

People with metabolic syndrome have higher risk of cardiovascular diseases then those without. The aim of the work was to investigate whether high fat diet administered to Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats can induce signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our results showed that HTG rats fed high fat diet (HTGch) had disturbed glucose metabolism and also lipid metabolism – increased serum triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (Ch), low-density lipoprotein-Ch (LDL-Ch), and decreased high-density lipoprotein-Ch (HDL-Ch). Their livers proved markers of developing steatosis. Moreover, HTGch had increased blood pressure, yet the vascular endothelium was not significantly damaged. All these changes were accompanied with oxidative stress and tissue damage identified as increased liver concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and activity of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGA). We assume that the model used may be suitable for the study of MetS with no evidence of obesity. Prolongation of the high fat diet duration might have a major impact on all parameters tested, especially on vascular endothelial function.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Chinese Traditional Medicine Longhu Rendan against Atherosclerosis via Negative Regulation of LOX-1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sishan Yan ◽  
Teng Wu ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Lingyi Zhang ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Experimental Atherosclerosis ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Atherosclerosis Treatment

Longhu Rendan (LHRD), a Chinese traditional compound medicine, has a remarkable treatment effect on motion sickness for about half a century. However, the role of LHRD in atherosclerosis treatment is still unclear. In this study, LHRD treatment significantly diminished total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in apolipoprotein E gene-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet (western diet). Besides, LHRD treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion and plaques formation in both aortic roots and aortic trees. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining in aortic roots demonstrated that LHRD treatment inhibited lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in atherosclerotic plaques. These results indicated that LHRD ameliorated atherosclerosis via reducing serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as LOX-1 expression, subsequently attenuating atherosclerotic lesion and lipid deposition. In conclusion, LHRD could significantly attenuate experimental atherosclerosis and might be a novel potential drug for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals A Review on the Protective Effects of Honey against Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ramli ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin ◽  
Khairul Zarkasi ◽  
Fairus Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Sugar Levels

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of diseases comprising of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. There are numerous pre-clinical as well as human studies reporting the protective effects of honey against MetS. Honey is a nutritional food low in glycemic index. Honey intake reduces blood sugar levels and prevents excessive weight gain. It also improves lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which leads to decreased risk of atherogenesis. In addition, honey enhances insulin sensitivity that further stabilizes blood glucose levels and protects the pancreas from overstimulation brought on by insulin resistance. Furthermore, antioxidative properties of honey help in reducing oxidative stress, which is one of the central mechanisms in MetS. Lastly, honey protects the vasculature from endothelial dysfunction and remodelling. Therefore, there is a strong potential for honey supplementation to be integrated into the management of MetS, both as preventive as well as adjunct therapeutic agents.

Protective effects of aliskiren in doxorubicin-induced acute cardiomyopathy in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Rashikh ◽  
Abul Kalam Najmi ◽  
Mohammad Akhtar ◽  
Danish Mahmood ◽  
Krishna K Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Enzymatic Changes

In this study, effect of aliskiren (ALK) on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiomyopathy in rats was evaluated. ALK (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) was administered for 7 days and a single intraperitoneal injection of DXR (20 mg/kg) on day 5. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after DXR administration. DXR produced significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly inhibited the activity of glutathione (GSH) in heart tissue, with a significant rise in the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), indicating acute cardiac toxicity. ALK pretreatment significantly reduced the MDA concentration and ameliorated the inhibition of cardiac GSH activity. ALK also significantly improved the serum levels of LDH, TC, TG, LDL and reduction in HDL in DXR-treated rats. Furthermore, histological examination of the heart sections confirmed the myocardial injury with DXR administration and the near-normal pattern with ALK pretreatment. The results provide clear evidence that the ALK pretreatment offered significant protection against DXR-induced enzymatic changes and cardiac tissue damage.

scholarly journals Factors associated with hepatic fibrosis and its deterioration among fatty liver elderly: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shian Lien ◽  
Hsin-Hui Lin ◽  
Chuen-Fei Chen ◽  
Meng-Ting Tsou ◽  
Lee-Ching Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Abdominal Sonography ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract BackgroundThe progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a major concern in public health as it is associated with many liver-related complications and mortalities such as cirrhosis, varices, or the development of liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors that deteriorated the degree of hepatic fibrosis, using the FIB-4 score, in elderly NAFLD patients.MethodsWe collected data from a health examination database. Background information, including demographic characteristics, biochemical blood tests, blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal sonography, was collected. We compared the FIB-4 scores from patients’ first and last visits at their health check-up, and multiple logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for adjusting covariates to test the risk factors for deterioration of the FIB-4 scores.Results:A total of 742 patients with NAFLD were included in this study, and 534 (72%) were female. The average age and BMI were 71.8 ± 5.6 years and 26.1 ± 3.0 kg/m2, respectively. We divided the population based on mild, moderate, and severe hepatic fibrosis groups according to their FIB-4 scores. Patients with severe FIB-4 scores had a baseline total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lower than the mild and moderate group (p<0.05), and fasting glucose was higher in the mild versus moderate group (p<0.05). After adjusting for covariates, dyslipidemia, including higher serum levels of LDL (odds ratio [OR]:1.02, CI: 1.00-1.03) and log-triglyceride (OR: 1.68, CI: 1.15-2.45), lower levels of log-high-density lipoprotein (OR:1.68, CI: 1.16-2.42), and longer follow-up years (OR:1.17, CI: 1.08-1.27) were factors that deteriorated the FIB-4 scores.ConclusionsOur study concluded that FIB-4 scores increased over time, and dyslipidemia was a major deteriorating factor for hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, elderly patients with NAFLD should be regularly followed-up and assessed for dyslipidemia to prevent further deterioration of hepatic fibrosis.

scholarly journals Monotherapy of experimental metabolic syndrome: I. Efficacy and safety

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Štefan Bezek ◽  
Zuzana Brnoliaková ◽  
Ružena Sotníková ◽  
Vladimír Knezl ◽  
Ema Paulovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering

AbstractElevated plasma cholesterol, especially low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (hHTG) were developed as a new inbred model for the study of relationships between blood pressure and metabolic abnormalities. The aim of this work was to determine the cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effects of the novel pyridoindol derivative SMe1EC2, compared to the cholesterol-lowering drug atorvastatin, in rats fed either standard or high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFC; 1% cholesterol and 7.5% lard fat). Male hHTG rats fed HFC (HTG+HFC) were administered with SMe1EC2 or atorvastatin (both 50 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 4 weeks. Physiological status of animals was monitored by the measurement of preprandial glucose levels and blood pressure. Lipid profile was characterized by the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TRG). The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was evaluated in the kidney, liver and serum. Further, the assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in the serum was completed. Feeding the animals with HFC diet resulted in increased serum levels of TC, LDL and TRG. SMe1EC2 ameliorated serum levels of LDL in hHTG rats, both on standard and HFC diet. These effects were comparable with those of the standard hypolipidemicum atorvastatin. SMe1EC2 lowered blood pressure, tissue TBARS concentrations and serum IL-1 levels of HTG+HFC rats. Beneficial effects together with very good toxicity profile predestinate SMe1EC2 to be promising agent for further surveys related to metabolic syndrome features.

scholarly journals Interaction of Smoking and Lead Exposure among Carriers of Genetic Variants Associated with a Higher Level of Oxidative Stress Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8325
Author(s):  
Kuo-Jung Ho ◽  
Tzu-Hua Chen ◽  
Chen-Cheng Yang ◽  
Yao-Chung Chuang ◽  
Hung-Yi Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Smoking and lead (Pb) exposure increased oxidative stress in human body, and people with some gene variants may be susceptible to Pb and smoking via oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate oxidative stress by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the relationship of lipid peroxidation markers in Pb workers with different gene polymorphisms (rs4673 and rs1050450) in both smokers and nonsmokers. Blood samples were collected from 267 Pb workers who received their annual health examination in the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) rs1050450 and cytochrome B-245 Alpha Chain (CYBA) rs4673 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed by specific primer-probes using Real-Time PCR methods. The interaction between blood Pb and smoking increased serum levels of TBARS and the ratio of oxidative low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL/LDL). Analysis of workers with rs1050450 SNPs showed higher blood Pb levels in the workers with CC genotype than those with CT genotype. Smokers had significantly higher blood Pb, alanine transaminase (ALT), TBARS, and OxLDL levels than nonsmokers. TBARS increased 0.009 nmol/mL when blood Pb increased one µg/dL in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The ratio of OxLDL/LDL increased 0.223 when blood Pb increased one µg/dL in smokers compared to nonsmokers. TBARS levels and the ratio of OxLDL/LDL were positively correlated and interacted between blood Pb and smoking after the adjustment of confounders, suggesting that smoking cessation is an important issue in the Pb-exposed working environment.

Resveratrol Ameliorates Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Inducing Autophagy

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
pp. 1207-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Tang ◽  
Fengli Yang ◽  
Zhirui Fang ◽  
Chengmu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is early stage of alcoholic liver disease, which can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis if alcohol consumption is continued. The pathogenesis of AFL is associated with excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Resveratrol (RES), a dietary polyphenol found in red wines and grapes, has been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect. Autophagy is a crucial physiological process in cellular catabolism that involves the regulation of lipid droplets. Autophagy maintains a balance between protein synthesis, degradation and self-recycling. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of RES (10[Formula: see text]mg/kg, 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg, 100[Formula: see text]mg/kg) on AFL mice fed with an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, and HepG2 cells in the presence of oleic acid and alcohol to investigate whether resveratrol could induce autophagy to attenuate lipid accumulation. The results showed that RES (30[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 100[Formula: see text]mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis and lowered the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). H&E staining showed that RES reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that RES treatment increased the number of autophagosomes and promoted the formation of autophagy. Western blot analysis showed that RES treatment increased the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain3- II (LC3-II) and Beclin1, decreased expression of p62 protein. In addition, in vitro studies also demonstrated that RES led to the formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), however, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), a specific inhibitor of autophagy, obviously inhibited the above effects of RES. In conclusion, RES has protective effects on alcoholic hepatic steatosis, and the potential mechanism might be involved in inducing autophagy.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children and its Relationship with Retinol Serum Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suano de Souza ◽  
Silverio Amancio ◽  
Saccardo Sarni ◽  
Sacchi Pitta ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the retinol serum levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children. To relate these biochemical variables with the risk of this disease in the population studied. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and prospective, with 46 overweight/obese school children (28 female, 18 male; mean age 8.6 years). The control group consisted of 45 children, paired by age and gender. Hepatic steatosis, evaluated by ultrasound, was classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. Also evaluated were serum retinol levels; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid profile; and fasting glucose and serum insulin levels, used for the calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Results: Hepatic ultrasound alterations were found in 56.5% and 48,9% of the overweight/obese and control group children, respectively. Presence of obesity was associated with high levels of triglycerides (OR = 4.6; P = 0.002). In the studied children, the risk of steatosis was related to a trend to a higher percentage of retinol inadequacy (OR = 2.8; p = 0.051); there was no association with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: The high frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups, evaluated by hepatic ultrasound, in low-socioeconomic level children, independent of nutritional condition and without significant association with insulin resistance, emphasizes that especially in developing countries, other risk factors such as micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A) are involved.

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