scholarly journals Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3171
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken ◽  
Teresa Partearroyo ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Paula Rodriguez ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Fiber Consumption ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Reference Cohort ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Diet quality is a modifiable factor that may contribute to the onset of diet-related chronic diseases. Currently, in Spain there are no studies that examine the intakes and sources for total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber by both children consuming all kind of milks and children regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of different food groups to total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber consumption within the EsNuPI study participants by assessing their usual intakes by applying two 24 h dietary recalls that were completed by 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two cohorts: one Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) of the general population (n = 707) and another cohort which included children consuming adapted milks including follow-on milk, toddler’s or growing up milk, fortified and enriched milks, here called Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort” (AMS) (n = 741). Estimation of the usual intake showed that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except for fiber. The percentage of children by age and gender who met the reference intake (RI) range for total carbohydrates, was in all groups more than 50% of individuals, except for girls aged 6 to <10 years from the reference cohort in which only 46.9% complied the RI. Median fiber intake, both in the SRS and the AMS, was well below the adequate intake (AI) for children between 3 and 10 years. Main total carbohydrates sources were cereals, followed by milk and dairy products, fruits, bakery and pastry, vegetables and sugars and sweets. The highest contributors to starch intakes were cereals, bakery and pastry, vegetables, and fruits. Major sources of total sugar intakes were milk and dairy products, fruits, bakery and pastry, sugars and sweets, vegetables, and cereals. Nonetheless, milk and dairy products, and fruits, mainly provided lactose and fructose, respectively, which are not considered free sugars. Higher contribution to fiber intakes was provided by fruits, cereals, vegetables and bakery and pastry. There were no significant differences in relation with the total sugar intake according to the body mass index (BMI) between SRS and AMS. The present study suggests a high proportion of children had total carbohydrates intakes in line with recommendations by public health authorities, but still a significant number presented insufficient total carbohydrate and fiber intakes, while total sugar consumption was high, with no major differences between SRS and AMS cohorts.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of public health risks caused by food contamination with organochlorine pesticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Gorbachev ◽  
OV Sazonova ◽  
MYu Gavryushin ◽  
LM Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Human economic activity leads to the accumulation of anthropogenic contaminants in food. The aim of the study was to analyze the public health risk associated with the oral intake of organochlorine pesticides (HCH, DDT), which are widely used in agriculture. The risk assessment was carried out taking into account data on the actual nutrition of 1798 people (823 men and 975 women) aged 18 to 65 years using the Nutri-prof software package. To assess the contamination of food with organochlorine pesticides, 16510 samples of various food groups were analyzed. The greatest non-carcinogenic risk due to the intake of HCH into the body with food is due to the consumption of bread and bread products, vegetables and melons, potatoes, milk and dairy products; meat and meat products, milk and dairy products. The highest level of total individual carcinogenic risk for DDT and HCH, taking into account the median concentration, corresponds to the third range and is acceptable for professional groups. The excess of the background risk values for the endocrine system in the consumption of bread and bakery products occurs at the age of 45, the transition from a negligible level of risk to a level of moderate risk occurs at the age of 65. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the system of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance over food safety, the methodological approach to risk assessment under consideration allows making timely management decisions, taking into account the nature of work and nutritional characteristics.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Protein and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to < 10 Years: Findings of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Federico Lara Villoslada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Diet in the first years of life is an important factor in growth and development. Dietary protein is a critical macronutrient that provides both essential and nonessential amino acids required for sustaining all body functions and procedures, providing the structural basis to maintain life and healthy development and growth in children. In this study, our aim was to describe the total protein intake, type and food sources of protein, the adequacy to the Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) by the Institute of Medicine (IoM). Furthermore, we analyzed whether the consumption of dairy products (including regular milk, dairy products, or adapted milk formulas) is associated with nutrient adequacy and the contribution of protein to diet and whole dietary profile in the two cohorts of the EsNuPI (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population) study; one cohort was representative of the Spanish population from one to < 10 years old (n = 707) (Spanish reference cohort, SRS) who reported consuming all kinds of milk and one was a cohort of the same age who reported consuming adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milks) (n = 741) (adapted milk consumers cohort, AMS). The children of both cohorts had a high contribution from protein to total energy intake (16.79% SRS and 15.63% AMS) and a high total protein intake (60.89 g/day SRS and 53.43 g/day AMS). We observed that protein intake in Spanish children aged one to < 10 years old was above the European and international recommendations, as well as the recommended percentages for energy intakes. The main protein sources were milk and dairy products (28% SRS and 29% AMS) and meat and meat products (27% SRS and 26% AMS), followed by cereals (16% SRS and 15% AMS), fish and shellfish (8% in both cohorts), eggs (5% SRS and 6% AMS), and legumes (4% in both cohorts). In our study population, protein intake was mainly from an animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and shellfish, and eggs) rather than from a plant origin (cereals and legumes). Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of dietary protein in early childhood on growth and body composition, and whether high protein intake affects health later in life.

scholarly journals Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Ken Uechi ◽  
Minami Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total sugar intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and sugar intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.

scholarly journals Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cuadrado-Soto ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Ana Isabel Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
Aránzazu Aparicio ◽  
Laura M. Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of age.

scholarly journals Empirically derived major dietary patterns and their associations with overweight in Korean preschool children

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ok Shin ◽  
Se-Young Oh ◽  
Hyun Suh Park
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Usual Diet ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Prevailing dietary patterns and their association with nutritional outcomes are poorly understood, particularly for children in Korea. Our purposes were to identify major dietary patterns and to examine their associations with overweight among young children in Korea. For 1441 preschool children, usual diet was assessed by a FFQ, from which thirty-three food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. We identified three dietary patterns by relative intake frequency of (1) vegetables, seaweeds, beans, fruits, milk and dairy products (Korean healthy pattern); (2) beef, pork, poultry, fish and fast foods (animal foods pattern); and (3) ice cream, soda, chocolate, cookies and candies (sweets pattern). The Korean healthy pattern was associated with better health status. As compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariate-adjusted OR of the highest quintile for health status inferior or similar to their peers was 0·59 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·84). Likelihood of being overweight was higher among those in the highest quintile (OR 1·77 (95 % CI 1·06, 2·94)) v. the lowest quintile regarding the animal foods pattern. These findings suggest that major dietary patterns are predictors of overweight and health status in Korean preschool children.

scholarly journals Exploratory analysis of meal composition in Australia: meat and accompanying foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2157-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixian Sui ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Anna Rangan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Main Meals ◽  
Meal Composition

AbstractObjectiveThe study of meal patterns and overall diet in relation to health outcomes may be more important than focusing on single nutrients or food groups. The present study aimed to explore the composition of main meals and snacks in the Australian population and examine associations between meat/poultry/fish and other foods.DesignThe study utilised 24 h recalls. Meal composition was defined based on average intakes of food groups per meal disaggregated from all food sources.Setting2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.SubjectsAustralian people (n12153) aged 2 years or above.ResultsOverall, breakfast was the smallest meal of the day, typically consisting of grains, dairy products and fruit. Lunch was the second largest meal, consisting mostly of grains, non-starchy vegetables and meat/poultry/fish. The largest meal was dinner, comprising meat/poultry/fish, vegetables (starchy and non-starchy), grains and often including discretionary beverages (children) or alcohol (adults). The main food groups consumed at snacking occasions were dairy, fruit, discretionary foods and beverages (including alcohol for adults). The most frequently consumed meat types were beef and chicken at dinner and ham at lunch. Non-starchy vegetables were accompanying foods for red meat, poultry and fish/seafood consumed in varying portion sizes, but did not accompany processed meat.ConclusionsThe present study considered meat, poultry and fish as the meal centre and their accompaniments of other food groups at different eating occasions. These findings expand the background evidence for health professionals developing meal-based framework/guidelines and public health messages.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE FOOD BEHAVIOR OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN OF SMOLENSK

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
E.А. Tsukareva ◽  
А.V. Avchinnikov ◽  
I.L. Alimova ◽  
D.A. Avchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Behavior ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

A hygienic assessment of the eating habits of younger schoolchildren of Smolensk was carried out. A survey of 307 schoolchildren of 3–4 grades with various parameters of physical development in the field of nutrition and lifestyle was carried out. The respondents’ diet showed: insufficient and irregular consumption of food – sources of animal protein (meat, milk and dairy products, fish), lack of vegetables, popularity of fast-food products, sweets and sweet carbonated drinks. The violations in the diet and the level of motor activity are most pronounced in the group of children with overweight and obesity. The results confirm the need to develop preventive measures aimed at developing a healthy eating culture among schoolchildren.

scholarly journals MYCOTOXINS IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ushkalov ◽  
V. Danchuk ◽  
S. Midyk ◽  
N. Voloshchuk ◽  
O. Danchuk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Risk Scenario ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The article gives an overview of modern opinions about the ways of possible contamination of milk and dairy products by mycotoxyn. The key indicator of the presence of mycotoxins in milk  and dairy products is the level to which micromycetes affect productive livestock’s feed. Yet, mycromycetes and mycotoxines do not always occur together: some test samples can contain certain micromycetes, but no mycotoxines. Mycotoxines are synthesised by micromycetes only under certain favourable conditions. The multi-chambered stomach ecosystem of lactating cows utilises most mycotoxins occurring in food. Only a small amount of those is excreted in milk. However, some mycotoxins can bind to milk caseins. In this case, cheese and other dairy products can contain far higher amounts of mycotoxins than at  the initial stage of milk production. The paper compares the maximum permissible levels of mycotoxins in milk and in dairy products  according to the regulations of Ukraine and the EU. It presents the mycotoxins isolated from secretions of mammary glands of humans and productive animals, and describes their effect on the body’s physiology. It also provides a structural diagram of how mycotoxins contaminate milk and dairy products following the path “Animal feed – dairy products.” We suggest four-stage assessment of the risks of mycotoxin contamination of milk and dairy products: Stage I – identifying the producer of mycotoxin (molecule, metabolites in feed, milk, and dairy products). Anamnesis; Stage II – constructing a sequence diagram. Inspecting all production stages to identify the main ways  and periods of contamination, determining and describing the symptoms of contamination; Stage III – assessing how the intensity and duration of exposure to a mycotoxin and its metabolites are likely to effect on the body. Modelling the influence of mycotoxins on the body; Stage IV – assessing the risk and determining measures to eliminate or minimise it. Risk scenario forecast

scholarly journals INTAKE OF A VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IS A RATIONAL WAY TO MAKE UP A CALCIUM DEFICIENCY IN CONDITIONS OF INSUFFICIENT CONSUMPTION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS BY A CHILD

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Shikh ◽  
Anna A. Makhova ◽  
Evgeny E. Emelyashenkov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Lactase Deficiency ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

A calcium deficiency is detected in more than 80% of children. This is the result of inadequate consumption of milk and dairy products which are the main food sources of calcium. There is a correlation between deficiency of calcium intake with food in childhood and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in subsequent life periods. With insufficient exogenous intake of calcium, its concentration in the blood decreases which stimulates bone resorption. The factors that further limit the consumption of dairy products are lactase deficiency and cow's milk protein allergy. In order to ensure the intake of the necessary amount of calcium, it is advisable to use vitaminmineral complexes in children that contain not only a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D but also other micronutrients required for bone formation.

scholarly journals Food sources of nutrients among 13-year-old Portuguese adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Araújo ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
Elisabete Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Starchy Foods

AbstractObjectiveTo identify food sources of nutrients in adolescents’ diets and to identify differences in food sources according to individual characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional evaluation was carried out in the 2003/2004 school year. Self-administered questionnaires were used and a physical examination was performed. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ.SettingPublic and private schools in Porto, Portugal.SubjectsAdolescents aged 13 years (n 1522) enrolled at school.ResultsThe main sources of energy were starchy foods (26·5 %), dairy (12·5 %) and meat (12·0 %). The major contributors to carbohydrate intake were starchy foods (38·2 %) and fruit (13·8 %) and to protein intake were meat (28·0 %), dairy products (20·3 %), starchy foods (15·3 %) and seafood (13·6 %). The main sources of total fat were meat (22·0 %), starchy foods (13·4 %) and dairy products (12·7 %). Sweets and pastries presented important contributions to energy (11·1 %), carbohydrate (12·4 %), total fat (13·3 %) and saturated fat (16·6 %) intakes. Parental education was inversely associated with the contribution of sweets and pastries to energy, carbohydrate and fat intakes and it was positively associated with the seafood contribution to protein intake.ConclusionsThe major sources of carbohydrates were starchy foods, which also accounted for a quarter of energy intake. Dairy products plus meat accounted for another quarter of energy. Meat was a major source of protein and fats. Sweets and pastries contributed more than 10 % to energy, carbohydrates, total and saturated fat. Parental education was the strongest determinant of food sources and was positively associated with a healthier contribution of food groups.

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