scholarly journals Soy-Based Infant Formula is Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Comorbidities in Fragile X Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3136
Author(s):  
Cara J. Westmark ◽  
Chad Kniss ◽  
Emmanuel Sampene ◽  
Angel Wang ◽  
Amie Milunovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Control Survey

A large number of adults and children consume soy in various forms, but little information is available regarding potential neurological side effects. Prior work indicates an association between the consumption of soy-based diets and seizure prevalence in mouse models of neurological disease and in children with autism. Herein, we sought to evaluate potential associations between the consumption of soy-based formula during infancy and disease comorbidities in persons with fragile X syndrome (FXS), while controlling for potentially confounding issues, through a retrospective case-control survey study of participants with FXS enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Research Database (FORWARD). There was a 25% usage rate of soy-based infant formula in the study population. We found significant associations between the consumption of soy-based infant formula and the comorbidity of autism, gastrointestinal problems (GI) and allergies. Specifically, there was a 1.5-fold higher prevalence of autism, 1.9-fold GI problems and 1.7-fold allergies in participants reporting the use of soy-based infant formula. The major reason for starting soy-based infant formula was GI problems. The average age of seizure and allergy onset occurred long after the use of soy-based infant formula. We conclude that early-life feeding with soy-based infant formula is associated with the development of several disease comorbidities in FXS.

scholarly journals Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Cara J. Westmark
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
Autistic Behaviors

This study evaluates the prevalence of autistic behaviors in fragile X syndrome as a function of infant diet. Retrospective survey data from the Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study, which included data on infant feeding and caregiver-reported developmental milestones for 190 children with fragile X syndrome enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Database (FORWARD), were analyzed. Exploratory, sex-specific associations were found linking the use of soy-based infant formula with worse autistic behaviors related to language in females and self-injurious behavior in males. These findings prompt prospective evaluation of the effects of soy-based infant formula on disease comorbidities in fragile X syndrome, a rare disorder for which newborn screening could be implemented if there was an intervention. Gastrointestinal problems were the most common reason cited for switching to soy-based infant formula. Thus, these findings also support the study of early gastrointestinal problems in fragile X syndrome, which may underly the development and severity of disease comorbidities. In conjunction with comorbidity data from the previous analyses of the Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study, the findings indicate that premutation fragile X mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed.

scholarly journals Consumption of Breast Milk Is Associated with Decreased Prevalence of Autism in Fragile X Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1785
Author(s):  
Cara J. Westmark
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Fold Reduction

Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits, but early life nutrition has not been specifically studied in the neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome (FXS). Herein, I evaluate associations between the consumption of breast milk during infancy and the prevalence of autism, allergies, diabetes, gastrointestinal (GI) problems and seizures in FXS. The study design was a retrospective survey of families enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry and Accessible Research Database (FORWARD). There was a 1.7-fold reduction in the prevalence of autism in FXS participants who were fed breast milk for 12 months or longer. There were strong negative correlations between increased time the infant was fed breast milk and the prevalence of autism and seizures and moderate negative correlations with the prevalence of GI problems and allergies. However, participants reporting GI problems or allergies commenced these comorbidities significantly earlier than those not fed breast milk. Parsing the data by sex indicated that males exclusively fed breast milk exhibited decreased prevalence of GI problems and allergies. These data suggest that long-term or exclusive use of breast milk is associated with reduced prevalence of key comorbidities in FXS, although breast milk is associated with the earlier development of GI problems and allergies.

Changing Sociological and Clinical Patterns in Mental Handicap

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D. A. Primrose
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
And Training

SummaryThe historical development of official provision for the care and training of the mentally handicapped—both adults and children—is outlined, to show the changes between Local Authority and Government. Changes in emphasis between compulsory and voluntary admissions to institutions are discussed with particular reference to changes in the law and the administration of the services. Demographic changes due to longer survival, falling birth rate, and prevention, diagnosis and treatment of individual causes of mental handicap are discussed. Particular reference is made to Down's syndrome and to the fragile X syndrome.The need for psychiatrists in mental handicap is mentioned along with the benefit of early intervention. The numbers of the mentally handicapped needing specialist care and training are not diminishing, but the manner of provision is changing, and partly reverting to ways tried long ago.

scholarly journals Consumption of Breast Milk Is Associated With Decreased Prevalence of Autism in Fragile X Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 930-930
Author(s):  
Cara Westmark
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fold Reduction

Abstract Objectives Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits in infants, but early life nutrition has not been specifically studied in the neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome (FXS). Herein, we evaluate associations between the consumption of breast milk during infancy and the prevalence of autism, allergies, diabetes, gastrointestinal (GI) problems and seizures in participants with FXS. Methods The study design was a retrospective survey of families enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry and Accessible Research Database (FORWARD). Results There was a 73% rate of breastfeeding in the enrolled participants with an 81% rate for at least 3 months, 73% for 6 months and 41% for 12 months of age or longer. There was a 1.7-fold reduction in the prevalence of autism in participants with FXS who were fed breast milk for 12 months or longer and a 1.9-fold decrease in autism in participants reporting no use of any infant formula (P < 0.05). The most common reasons for cessation of breastfeeding were reduced milk production and age of the child. There were strong negative correlations between increased time the infant with FXS was fed breast milk and the prevalence of autism and seizures and moderate negative correlations with the prevalence of GI problems and allergies. However, participants reporting GI problems or allergies commenced these comorbidities significantly earlier than participants that were not fed breast milk. Parsing the data by sex indicated that males exclusively fed breast milk exhibited decreased prevalence of GI problems and allergies. Conclusions These data suggest that long-term or exclusive use of breast milk is associated with reduced prevalence of key comorbidities in FXS including autism, GI problems and allergies, although breast milk is associated with the earlier development of GI problems and allergies. Funding Sources NICHD.

Living with Fragile X Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Schira ◽  
Samantha Alexander ◽  
Noelani Brisbane ◽  
Kaitlyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X

Fragile X Syndrome and Family Occupations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Decerie Mendoza ◽  
Tracy Ye ◽  
Martina Dualan ◽  
Elena Javier
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X

A Transapical or Transluminal Approach to Aortic Valve Implantation Does Not Attenuate the Inflammatory Response

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O'Brien ◽  
Miralem Pasic ◽  
Hermann Kuppe ◽  
Roland Hetzer ◽  
Helmut Habazettl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Valve Implantation

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardiac surgery cause an inflammatory response, as measurable by an increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), a nonspecific inflammation marker. Previous publications have demonstrated typical perioperative CRP concentration profiles in cases of uncomplicated aortic valve replacement (AVR) with CPB. A regression analysis for modifying factors showed that chronic disease (heart failure, diabetes, and pulmonary disease), along with obesity and sex, all tend to influence the CRP response. We analyzed the inflammatory response to aortic valve implantation (AVI) with interventional techniques, mainly transapical but also transfemoral and transaxillary approaches, in a retrospective case-control study design.Methods: Sixty-eight patients who underwent AVI by the transapical (59 patients), transfemoral (7 patients), or transaxillary (2 patients) approach were matched by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and chronic-disease state (absence or presence of diabetes, pulmonary disease, and renal impairment) with 68 patients who underwent conventional AVR with CPB. We compared the 2 groups with respect to perioperative CRP concentration, EuroSCORE, and outcome data (time to extubation and 30-day mortality). All data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.Results: The 2 groupsthe study population (interventional) and the control population (conventional)were similar in age, sex distribution, BMI, and chronic-disease status. As expected, the study population had a significantly higher median EuroSCORE. The 2 groups had similar postoperative CRP profiles over time, but the interventional group had significantly higher peak concentrations on days 2, 3, and 4. The short-term outcomes, as assessed by ventilation time and 30-day mortality, were similar for the 2 groups.Conclusions: Using an interventional transcatheter approach to AVI (thereby eliminating CPB from the procedure and reducing surgical trauma) does not attenuate the patient's innate inflammatory response.

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