scholarly journals Effect of a Short-Time Probiotic Supplementation on the Abundance of the Main Constituents of the Gut Microbiota of Term Newborns Delivered by Cesarean Section—A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3128
Author(s):  
Joanna Hurkala ◽  
Ryszard Lauterbach ◽  
Renata Radziszewska ◽  
Magdalena Strus ◽  
Piotr Heczko
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gut Colonization

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of human health. Numerous factors, including the mode of delivery, impact early gut colonization in newborns. Recent research focuses on the use of probiotics in the prevention of gut dysbiosis in newborns delivered by cesarean section (CS). The objective of this study was to determine whether a probiotic supplement given to newborns delivered by CS during their stay in the maternity ward alters the pattern of early gut colonization by lactic acid bacteria versus potential pathogens. A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. In total, 150 newborns, born at 38–40 weeks gestational age and delivered by CS, were included in the study. They were randomized into the intervention group, supplemented orally with a probiotic containing Bifidobacterium breve PB04 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL53A, and the control group. Stool samples were obtained on days 5 and 6 of life and after one month of life and were analyzed for the presence and abundance of the main groups of bacteria. An application of two probiotic bacteria during the first days of life after CS resulted in quick and abundant colonization by days 5 and 6, with high populations of L. rhamnosus and B. breve. The applied bacterial strains were present in the majority of neonates one month after. The supplementation of term neonates delivered by cesarean section immediately after birth with a mixture of L. rhamnosus and B. breve enriched the gut microbiota composition with lactic acid bacteria.

Microbiota and epigenetic regulation of inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes and obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Remely ◽  
E. Aumueller ◽  
D. Jahn ◽  
B. Hippe ◽  
H. Brath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Significant Difference

Metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in the structure of the gut microbiota leading to low-grade inflammatory responses. An increased penetration of the impaired gut membrane by bacterial components is believed to induce this inflammation, possibly involving epigenetic alteration of inflammatory molecules such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We evaluated changes of the gut microbiota and epigenetic DNA methylation of TLR2 and TLR4 in three groups of subjects: type 2 diabetics under glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist therapy, obese individuals without established insulin resistance, and a lean control group. Clostridium cluster IV, Clostridium cluster XIVa, lactic acid bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroidetes abundances were analysed by PCR and 454 high-throughput sequencing. The epigenetic methylation in the regulatory region of TLR4 and TLR2 was analysed using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. We observed a significantly higher ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes in type 2 diabetics compared to lean controls and obese. Major differences were shown in lactic acid bacteria, with the highest abundance in type 2 diabetics, followed by obese and lean participants. In comparison, F. prausnitzii was least abundant in type 2 diabetics, and most abundant in lean controls. Methylation analysis of four CpGs in the first exon of TLR4 showed significantly lower methylation in obese individuals, but no significant difference between type 2 diabetics and lean controls. Methylation of seven CpGs in the promoter region of TLR2 was significantly lower in type 2 diabetics compared to obese subjects and lean controls. The methylation levels of both TLRs were significantly correlated with body mass index. Our data suggest that changes in gut microbiota and thus cell wall components are involved in the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory reactions. An improved diet targeted to induce gut microbial balance and in the following even epigenetic changes of pro-inflammatory genes may be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Eremostachys laciniata as effective as rectal diclofenac suppository in cesarean section pain relief: A triple-blind controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohammad Pour ◽  
Sevil Hakimi ◽  
Abbas Delazar ◽  
Yousef Javad Zadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Mallah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Massive Hemorrhage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healing Score ◽  
Distress Scale

Background: Pain and distress are two common complications of cesarean section. Among complementary therapies, Eremostachys was introduced as a pain mitigator. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Eremostachys laciniata on cesarean section pain and distress. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 86 women who gave childbirth by cesarean section. The control group received 50 mg rectal diclofenac suppository every 8 h for 3 days, and the intervention group received 35 mg E. laciniata total extract suppository every 8 h up to three doses. Pain was measured with the Visual Analogue Scale at 8, 16, and 24 h after cesarean section. The Symptom Distress Scale was completed at 8 and 24 h after cesarean section. The Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation scale was completed 5 days after cesarean section. Findings: Pain score at 8, 16, and 24 h after surgery (15 min after intervention) was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups. The distress score 24 h after cesarean section showed a significant difference in favor of the control group according to Friedman’s test. There was a significant difference between the two groups in wound healing score, which indicated better efficacy of rectal diclofenac suppository than E. laciniata suppository. We assessed nausea, vomiting, headache, massive hemorrhage, and any type of anaphylactic reaction. No side events were observed in two groups. Conclusion: Rectal E. laciniata suppository could be introduced as a low-complication, appropriate, and effective medication in controlling pain and distress after cesarean section; more studies should be conducted on this matter.

scholarly journals Effect of Autologous Platelet–Rich Plasma on Cesarean Section Scar; A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Chaichian ◽  
Shahla Mirgaloybayat ◽  
Kobra Tahermanesh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Incision Site ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Control

Background: One of the complications of cesarean section (C/S) is related to the incision site. Considering the effectiveness of platelet–rich plasma (PRP) on healing of wounds and management of scars, the present study aimed to inquire the effect of PRP on the thickness and completeness of the uterine scar. Methods: In a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the women who underwent C/S from November 2019 to 2020 were included and randomized into two studied groups, including the control (n = 15) and intervention (n = 15) groups. In the intervention group, PRP, extracted from patients’ blood samples, was injected to the incision site (between decidua and myometrium), while the control group did not receive this treatment. The scar thickness of C/S as the primary outcome and postpartum hemorrhage as the secondary outcome were compared between the groups. Both groups were followed for 12 weeks. Results: The two groups (intervention and control) were not significantly different in terms of weight, height, BMI, age, parity, gravidity, duration of surgery, and blood hemoglobin (HB) level (P > 0.05). Comparison of scar characteristics showed the creation of a niche in the PRP group, which was almost one-fourth of that of the control group; a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The thickness of adjoining myometrium was comparable between the two groups. Mean uterine niche height in the intervention group was lower than in the control group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.048). The mean of residual myometrium thickness (RMT) in the intervention and control groups were 7.62 ± 0.95 and 5.6 ± 3.5 mm, respectively, a difference that was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Local injection of PRP is an effective and viable measure for reducing the uterine niche; therefore, it is suggested to be included in the routine wound care of CS. Future studies are needed to confirm PRP efficacy in different settings.

scholarly journals Investigation of Immunomodulatory and Gut Microbiota-Altering Properties of Multicomponent Nutraceutical Prepared from Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bovine Colostrum, Apple Production By-Products and Essential Oils

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Juozas Grigas ◽  
Modestas Ruzauskas ◽  
Arnoldas Pautienius ◽  
Elena Bartkiene ◽  
Vita Lele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
By Products

Dietary components, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), bovine colostrum, apple production by-products, and essential oils, can favorably alter the host immune system and gut microbiota, however, their cumulative effect as multicomponent nutraceutical supplement has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study is the first one to evaluate a combination of LAB, bovine colostrum, dehydrated apple pomace, and essential oils for their immunomodulatory and prebiotic properties in the swine model. This study shows that supplementary feeding of pigs using multicomponent nutraceutical resulted in a statistically significant decrease in proportions of T cytotoxic and double-positive (CD4+CD8+low) cells within the CD3+ cell population at 28 DPI, compared to the beginning of the experiment (0DPI). Conversely, a statistically significant increase in proportions of B cells (accompanied by an increase in IgG concentration) and macrophage/monocyte cells within viable cell population at 28 DPI, compared to the beginning of the experiments, was observed. Furthermore, changes in the bacterial composition of gut microbiota in pigs fed with multicomponent nutraceutical changed significantly, with a 1.78 times higher number of probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Faecilbacterium) at the end of the experiment, compared to control group animals. This study shows a positive effect of the nutraceutical formula used on the changes of gut microbiota by facilitating an increase in probiotic bacteria strains and possible anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota in forty cases of Egyptian relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherein G. Elgendy ◽  
Rawan Abd-Elhameed ◽  
Enas Daef ◽  
Shereen M.Mohammed ◽  
Hebatallah M. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
The Mean

Background and Objectives: Gut microbiota is assumed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to investigate the abundance of some gut microbiota among Egyptian patients with relapsing remit- ting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). Materials and Methods: Forty cases of RR-MS diagnosed according to McDonald diagnostic criteria (2017) were recruited consecutively from the Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospitals. The results were compared with 22 healthy age and sex matched control subjects. DNA was extracted from stool and measures made of concentration and copy number of bacterial organisms by real-time PCR using group specific primers for 16S rRNA targeting predominant genera of gut microbiota previously hypothesized to participate in MS pathogenesis. Results: The mean age was 31.4 ± 8.8 yrs; 75% of the patients were women. The mean and SD of EDSS score was 3.43 ± 1.35. Seven cases had cervical cord plaques (17%). There were significantly increased copy numbers of Desulfovibrio, Actinobacteria, Firmcutes, and Lactic acid bacteria in patients compared with the control group. In contrast there was a sig- nificantly lower level of Clostridium cluster IV in the patients. Patients who had EDSS < 3.5 had a significantly higher copy number of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Bifidobacterium, compared with patients who had EDSS > 3.5. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of illness and copy number of Firmcutes, Akkermansia, and Lactic acid bacteria (P = 0.01, 0.04, and 0.004 respectively). Conclusion: The changes in gut microbiota are associated with exacerbation of MS disease. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota results in the depletion or enrichment of certain bacteria that may affect the immune balance leading to predis- position to MS.

scholarly journals Galactooligosaccharide effects as prebiotic on intestinal microbiota of different fish species

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Hien Van Doan ◽  
Ghasem Ashouri
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Caspian Roach

Manipulation of the gut microbiota toward potentially beneficial bacteria (probiotics) has beneficial effects on fish physiology and health. The effects of prebiotics on gut microbiota are species specific. The present study aimed at investigation of the effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) as prebiotic on intestinal microbiota of Caspian roach and Caspian white fish fingerlings. which are among the most economically valuable species in the Caspian Sea. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with two set of experiment each of them include three treatments in triplicates in which 0 (control), 1 and 2% GOS were used in diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the period, changes in the intestinal microbiota, including total bacterial count, lactic acid count and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) levels and dominance of LAB in the intestinal microbiota, were measured by culture-based method. Dietary GOS had no significant effect on total bacterial count in both species (P < 0.05). The LAB levels in the intestinal microbiota in the treatments fed with prebiotics was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). LAB bacteria showed the highest increase and dominance in treatments fed with 2% GOS. Also, the highest ratio of lactic acid bacteria to the total number of viable bacteria was observed in the treatment with 2% GOS treatment (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicated the possibility of alterations in the bacterial communities of Caspian roach and Caspian white fish fingerlings gut toward beneficial bacterial communities using GOS as prebiotic.

Effect of Chewing Gum on Bowel Motility in Women Undergoing Post-Operative Cesarean Section

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Randa Mohammed AboBaker
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bowel Motility ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay.  Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.

scholarly journals Effect of leg wrapping technique on prevention of spinal induced hypotension and fetal acidosis during cesarean section: Randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Samah Nasser Abd El-Aziz El-Shora ◽  
Amina Mohamed Rashad El-Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wrapping Technique

Background and aim: Hypotension during cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia has been a subject of scientific study for more than 50 years and the search for the most effective strategy to achieve hemodynamic stability remains challenging. Aim: The study was carried out to apply leg wrapping technique for the prevention of spinal-induced hypotension (SIH) during CS.Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial design was utilized at cesarean delivery operating room Mansoura General Hospital in El-Mansoura City during the period from May 2018 to November 2018. A purposive sample of 88 pregnant women, assigned randomly to an intervention group (n = 44) in which their legs wrapped with elastic crepe bandage and control group (n = 44) in which no wrapping was done. Data collected for maternal, neonatal hemodynamic and signs of hypotension, the feasibility of application and cost analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of SIH and Ephedrine use among both groups (18.20% in leg wrapping group whereas 75% in control group). In addition, neonatal acidosis and NICU admission were less among leg wrapping group (11.40%, 9.10% respectively). Economically, leg wrapping technique was cost effective compared to the cost of the hospital regimen for treating SIH and admission to (NICU).Conclusion and recommendations: Leg wrapping technique was cost effective and an efficient method for decreasing SIH, neonatal acidosis and Ephedrine administration. It is recommended to apply leg wrapping technique in maternal hospitals' protocol of care for decreasing SIH during CS.

scholarly journals Effect of Raja Yoga Meditation on the Distress and Anxiety Levels of Women with Breast Cancer

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Raquel Vilanova Araújo ◽  
Ana Fátima Carvalho Fernandes ◽  
Regina Célia Vilanova Campelo ◽  
Renan Alves Silva ◽  
Inez Sampaio Nery
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Specialized Center ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Yoga Meditation

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Raja yoga meditation on the level of distress and anxiety in women with breast cancer. Method: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was carried out in a specialized center between February and December 2019. The patients in the intervention group (n = 25) participated in four group meditation sessions for one month, and the participants in the control group (n = 25) were exposed to an educational activity for the same period and frequency. Cohen’s d was used to evaluate the effect size. Results: A significant reduction in the level of distress and anxiety was found in the intervention group (p < 0.001). The effect of meditation was average in reducing distress, anxiety, depression, and vital signs. There was also an average effect on the increase in saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO2). Conclusion: The practice of meditation reduced distress and anxiety more effectively than the usual care practices.

Inhibitory Effects of Fermented Ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) Juice on High-Fat Diet-induced Obesity Associated with White Adipose Tissue Browning and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Guo ◽  
Xuedan Cao ◽  
Xiugui Fang ◽  
Ailing Guo ◽  
Erhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tissue Browning

In this study, Ougan juice (OJ) and lactic acid bacteria fermented Ougan juice (FOJ) were investigated individually for their capability of preventing obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. After...

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