scholarly journals The Adherence of Singaporean Students in Different Educational Institutions to National Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995
Author(s):  
Mia Eng Tay ◽  
Emma Foster ◽  
Leo Stevenson ◽  
Iain Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Targeted Interventions

There are currently limited data on the dietary habits of young Singaporeans. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of 17–21 year olds attending different educational institutions using a novel diet-quality scoring method. Dietary data were collected using a single weekday 24 h dietary recall in a cross section of 536 Singaporeans aged 17–21 years. An 11 category scoring system (0.0–100.0) was used to define adherence to food based dietary guidelines. Demographic and self-reported data were also collected via a questionnaire, BMI status, and using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric) tests, with post-hoc Bonferroni-corrected tests. The median diet quality score was 48.5 (IQR 40.5, 56.4) for this cohort, with component scores for “Total fruit”, “Whole fruit”, “Total vegetables”, “Dark green leafy & orange vegetables”, “Whole grains”, “Dairy products”, and “Sodium” frequently scoring the minimum value. Median diet quality scores were statistically different for groups by ethnic origin (p < 0.001) and by educational institution (p < 0.001). Intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains is minimal, while sodium intake is frequently too high in young Singaporeans. Differences across ethnic groups and types of educational institutions suggest the need for targeted interventions to improve dietary habits in this population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Proximity of Singaporean Children’s Dietary Habits to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain A Brownlee ◽  
Jasmine Low ◽  
Naageswari Duriraju ◽  
Mavis Chun ◽  
Jessica Xiu Yan Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Diet

Dietary habits in children may not only impact current health status but could also shape future, lifelong dietary choices. Dietary intake data in Singaporean children are limited. The current study aimed to define the overall diet quality of Singaporean children using an existing cross-sectional dataset and to consider how demographic factors (i.e., body mass index (BMI) status, ethnicity, age, and sex) were associated with these scores. Existing, cross-sectional dietary data (n = 561 children aged 6–12 years, collected in 2014–2015) from duplicate 24-h recalls were assessed for diet quality using an index based on the Singaporean Health Promotion Board dietary guidelines. Total diet quality scores were calculated from ten different components (frequencies of rice and alternatives, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, meat and alternatives, dairy and alternatives, total fat, saturated fat, sodium intake, and added sugars). Association with demographic factors and BMI category was evaluated by one-way multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) tests, with Bonferroni post hoc analyses. Median (interquartile range) total diet quality scores were 65.4 (57.1–73.0). Median scores for whole grains (0.0, 0.0–33.4), fruits (24.1, 0.0–65.3), vegetables (36.5, 10.4-89.8), and sodium (58.4, 0.0–100.0) intake were frequently sub-optimal. Children of Malay ethnic origin had statistically lower total diet quality scores ((55.3, 47.5–60.3) vs. other ethnic groups (combined median 65.4 (57.1, 73.0); p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for continuing efforts to improve dietary intake in young Singaporeans and for longitudinal dietary monitoring in this group.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NUTRITION STRUCTURE IN THE SYSTEM OF HYGIENIC TRAINING OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FOR HEALTHY NUTRITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Vladislav R. Kuchma ◽  
A. Yu. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Fermented Milk Products

Data of the hygienic assessment of the nutritional structure of students in the age periods that are critical for the formation of proper eating behavior is presened. The purpose of the study was to study the structure, nutrition regimen, dietary habits in the family, the nature of the physical activity of students. The questionnaire “Study of medical and social reasons for the formation of deviations in health and diseases in children” was used. 70-80% of students in Moscow schools have been established to be at risk in terms of lifestyle factors, among which a significant factor is a nutrition. The structure of their nutrition is characterized by insufficient consumption of biologically valuable food in 27-70% of children. The diet of 20-40% of respondents is depleted in the content of fermented milk products, vegetables, and fruits. Children exclude first courses (68-70%), breakfast cereals, fish, vegetables (35-40%), oils and eggs (29%) from their meals at an educational institution. Most schoolchildren outside educational institutions consume foods that are not intended for children food: chips, fast food, confectionery, sweet carbonated drinks.

scholarly journals Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Dora Romaguera-Bosch ◽  
Pedro Tauler-Riera ◽  
Miquel Bennasar-Veny ◽  
Jordi Pericas-Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).SettingA sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.SubjectsNine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).ResultsThe dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.ConclusionsRisk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.

scholarly journals An update of the KIDMED questionnaire, a Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 2543-2547
Author(s):  
Cesare Altavilla ◽  
Pablo Caballero-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Health Organizations

AbstractObjective:The KIDMED questionnaire was published in 2004 to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in children and adolescents. In the last 14 years, several respected official dietetics and health organizations have recommended appropriate dietary habits, including eating whole grains and consuming whole fruit rather than fruit juice. We propose an update of the KIDMED questionnaire.Design:Based on the scientific evidence, the present commentary suggests some changes to the KIDMED questionnaire.Results:We suggest deleting ‘or fruit juice’ from the first question of the questionnaire, rewording the question as ‘Takes a fruit every day’, and assigning a positive value of +1. We suggest adding ‘whole-grain’ to the eighth question of the questionnaire, rewording the question as ‘Consumes whole-grain pasta or whole-grain rice almost every day (5 or more times per week)’, and assigning a positive value of +1. Further, we propose to add ‘whole cereals or whole grains’ to the ninth question of the questionnaire, reword the question as ‘Has whole cereals or whole grains (whole-meal bread, etc.) for breakfast’, and assign a positive value of +1.Conclusions:The present commentary examines some signs of a paradigm shift about fruit juice and whole grains after the development of the KIDMED questionnaire. The changes are of paramount importance in order to make the questionnaire an updated tool to evaluate adherence to the MD.

scholarly journals Diet quality of adolescents in rural Sri Lanka based on the Diet Quality Index–International: findings from the ‘Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural Development’ project

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1735-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Williams ◽  
Nick Townsend ◽  
Mike Rayner ◽  
Ranil Jayawardena ◽  
Prasad Katulanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Diet Quality Index

AbstractObjectiveThe current paper describes methods of evaluating dietary habits of Sri Lankan adolescents based on the Diet Quality Index–International (DQI-I), which has been used in multiple international studies to describe dietary variety, moderation, adequacy and balance. The paper describes the method for calculating DQI-I scores and examines associations between DQI-I scores and dietary intake, and between DQI-I scores and sociodemographic factors.DesignThe study followed a three-stage cluster randomised sampling method. Dietary intake was collected using a validated FFQ. Estimated micronutrient intakes and number of servings consumed were described according to DQI-I quartiles. DQI-I scores were tabulated according to sociodemographic characteristics. Multilevel modelling was used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and DQI-I scores.SettingSecondary schools in rural Sri Lanka.ParticipantsAdolescents (n 1300) aged 12–18 years attending secondary school in rural Sri Lanka.ResultsDQI-I scores increased with consumption of fat (% energy), cholesterol (mg/d), energy (kJ/d), protein (% energy), Na (mg), dietary fibre (g), Fe (mg) and Ca (mg), but decreased according to percentage of energy coming from carbohydrates. DQI-I scores were significantly lower among females and students with lower levels of maternal education.ConclusionsPolicies are needed to increase the availability and affordability of nutrient-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables and high-protein foods, particularly to students from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Significant differences in diet quality according to sex, socio-economic status and district suggest there is potential for targeted interventions that aim to increase access to affordable, nutrient-rich foods among these groups.

scholarly journals Salt Taste Genotype, Dietary Habits and Biomarkers of Health: No Associations in an Elderly Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Ferraris ◽  
Alexandria Turner ◽  
Kiranjit Kaur ◽  
Jessica Piper ◽  
Martin Veysey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Elderly Cohort

A small amount of emerging research has observed variations between individual sensitivity, preference and intake of salt in the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the genes encoding salt taste receptors. Sodium intake is a significant risk factor for common diseases in elderly populations such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease; however, this does not fully explain the risk. Research into the influence of salt taste genetics on diet quality is yet to be undertaken and current research on indicators of health is limited and mixed in the direction of associations. Therefore, a secondary analysis of data from a well-characterised elderly cohort (the cross-sectional Retirement Health and Lifestyle Study, n = 536) was conducted to explore relationships between the salt taste-related SNP TRPV1-rs8065080 (assessed by Taqman genotyping assay), dietary habits and biomarkers of health. Data were analysed with standard least squares regression modelling and Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests. No association was found between the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype, sodium intake or multiple diet quality indices (assessed by food frequency questionnaire). Sodium-related markers of health including blood pressure and markers of kidney function (urinary creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratio) and general health markers, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), were also not related to TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype. To date, this study is the most comprehensive investigation conducted to determine if the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype relates to sodium intake and health markers influenced by sodium intake. Although no significant relationships were found, these findings are an important contribution to the limited body of knowledge surround this SNP. In addition to further research across other ages and cultures, the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype may interact with other ion channels, and so further studies are required to determine if polymorphic variations influence sodium intake, diet and health.

Abstract MP56: Specific Nutrients Associate Better Than Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension Score With Adult Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over 25 Years: The Princeton Lipid Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Beck ◽  
Jessica G Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Diet is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease risk and is the basis for dietary guidelines such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. However, little is known about how childhood dietary habits are maintained into adulthood or how child to adult, or adult to adult changes in diet may influence disease risk. Hypothesis: Our goal was to examine the relationship between diet quality, cardiovascular disease risk, and changes in diet quality over time. We hypothesized that diets lacking in nutrients for ideal cardiovascular health would be conserved from childhood to adulthood. This would be reflected as increased rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Methods: Diet data was analyzed from the Princeton Lipid Research study (24 hour recall in the 70’s; Block Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1998). Diet quality at each visit was assessed as a ranking of 15 different macro/micronutrients and by a modified DASH index based on 9 nutrient targets and adapted for children. Outcomes in both childhood and adulthood included: glucose intolerance/diabetes, high blood pressure/hypertension, dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Linear and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI, occupation and education of self or head of household, and marital status. Results: Analysis included 221 total individuals in Generation 1 (parents at initial visit; 39% (86 of 221) male, mean age 38.9 ± 6.5 followed up at 66.6 ± 6.6 years) and 606 individuals in Generation 2 (45% (271 of 606) male, mean age 11.9 ± 3.23 at initial visit and 38.5 ± 3.6 years at follow up). Generation 1 increased in total DASH score from initial visit to follow-up (1.74 ± 0.95 → 2.11 ± 1.33) while Generation 2 decreased (1.91 ± 0.80 → 1.64 ± 1.13). Overall DASH score was not significantly associated with baseline or follow up outcomes in childhood or adulthood. However, in Generation 2 at follow-up, fiber, potassium, iron, niacin, and vitamin A were associated with hypertension; fiber and sugar with hyperlipidemia; cholesterol with obesity; and saturated fat with diabetes in Generation 1. Conclusions: Overall diet quality was poor in both generations and changed little over time. In conclusion, no relationship was detected between DASH diet accordance and disease outcomes, however certain nutrients are associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk.

scholarly journals Longitudinal trajectories and prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J Christoph ◽  
Nicole I Larson ◽  
Megan R Winkler ◽  
Melanie M Wall ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Adjusted Least Squares

ABSTRACT Background Establishing healthy dietary habits during adolescence and young adulthood is critical for long-term health. Objectives This study assessed the prevalence of meeting US Dietary Guidelines and trajectories in dietary intake for 4 MyPlate food groups during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods Three waves of surveys and food frequency questionnaires were collected as part of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a 15-y longitudinal study. Adolescents (n = 1177, 57% female, mean ± SD age 15.0 ± 1.5 y) were recruited in 1998–1999 in Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota public schools and were resurveyed twice in young adulthood at mean ± SD ages 25.3 ± 1.5 and 31.1 ± 1.5 y. The prevalence of meeting guidelines for each MyPlate food group was calculated at each time point. Mean daily servings were compared over 5 y in young adulthood through the use of paired t tests. Adjusted least-squares means were calculated to compare dietary intake in young adulthood across quartiles of adolescent intake. Results Adolescents had the highest prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines for fruit (37% for females and 30% for males) and dairy (53% for females and 61% for males); young adults >30 y had the highest prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines for vegetables (19% for females and 8% for males) and whole grains (23% for females and 17% for males). From the mid-twenties to early thirties, vegetable intake increased, whereas dairy intake decreased. Dietary intake generally tracked over time with individuals in the lower quartiles of intake at adolescence generally continuing to have low intake in young adulthood. Conclusions Although the prevalence of meeting dietary guidelines for whole grains and vegetables, and daily servings of vegetables increased with age, improving intake of whole fruit, whole grains, dairy, and vegetables remains key during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood.

scholarly journals Consumption of Yogurt in Canada and Its Contribution to Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality Among Canadians

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
Pardis Keshavarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Component

The current study utilizes a nationally representative nutrition survey data (Canadian Community Health Survey 2015, nutrition component, n = 20,487) in order to evaluate patterns of yogurt consumption among Canadians. Overall, 20% of Canadians have reportedly consumed yogurt on a given day in 2015. Higher prevalence of yogurt consumption was noted among children aged 2–5 years old (47%) when compared to adults aged 19–54 years (18%). When the prevalence of yogurt consumption at the regional level in Canada was assessed, Quebec had the most consumers of yogurt (25%) compared to other regions, namely the Atlantic (19%), Ontario (18%), Prairies (19%) and British Columbia (20%). Yogurt consumers reported consuming higher daily intakes of several key nutrients including carbohydrates, fibre, riboflavin, vitamin C, folate, vitamin D, potassium, iron, magnesium, and calcium when compared to yogurt non-consumers. Additionally, the diet quality, measured using NRF 9.3 scoring method, was higher among yogurt consumers compared to non-consumers. Nearly 36% of Canadians who meet the dietary guidelines for milk and alternative servings from the Food Guide Canada (2007) reported consuming yogurt. Lastly, no significant difference in BMI was noted among yogurt consumers and non-consumers. Overall, yogurt consumers had a higher intake of key nutrients and had a better diet quality.

scholarly journals Dietary recommendations: comparing dietary guidelines from Brazil and the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Stephanie E. Chiuve ◽  
Rosângela Alves Pereira ◽  
Aline Cristine Souza Lopes ◽  
Walter C. Willett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Fresh Foods

The Brazilian dietary guidelines are based in part on mainstream United States' recommendations, in spite of the criticisms and shortcomings of the American guidelines. In this paper, Brazilian food guidelines are summarized and discussed in comparison with the USA recommendations. American and Brazilian dietary recommendations are quite similar in many aspects, particularly those related to variety in the diet, the importance of physical activity and weight management. Different to American guidelines, those from Brazil advise people to choose fresh foods, to prefer healthier types of fat, to limit trans fat intake and to eat good sources of protein, but does not recommend the consumption of whole grains. Besides the challenges related to their implementation, indicators for the evaluation of the effectiveness of these guidelines should be established from the beginning, particularly those related to changes in dietary habits and the prevalence of obesity.

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