scholarly journals Nutrients, Diet, and Other Factors in Prenatal Life and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Karina H. Jensen ◽  
Kamilla R. Riis ◽  
Bo Abrahamsen ◽  
Mina N. Händel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Exposures During Pregnancy

Optimizing skeletal health in early life has potential effects on bone health later in childhood and in adulthood. We aimed to evaluate the existing evidence that maternal exposures during pregnancy have an impact on the subsequent bone health among offspring in young adults aged between 16 and 30 years. The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42019126890). The search was conducted up to 2 April 2019. We included seven observational prospective cohort studies that examined the association between maternal dietary factors, vitamin D concentration, age, preeclampsia, and smoking with any bone indices among offspring. The results indicated that high concentrations of maternal vitamin D; low fat intake; and high intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium may increase the bone mineral density in offspring at age 16. Evidence also suggests that the offspring of younger mothers may have a higher peak bone mass. It remains inconclusive whether there is an influence of preeclampsia or maternal smoking on bone health among young adults. Our assessment of internal validity warrants a cautious interpretation of these results, as all of the included studies were judged to have serious risks of bias. High-quality studies assessing whether prenatal prognostic factors are associated with bone health in young adults are needed.

scholarly journals Targeted Gene Sequencing, Bone Health, and Body Composition in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Ángel Matute-Llorente ◽  
Ángela Ascaso ◽  
Ana Latorre-Pellicer ◽  
Beatriz Puisac ◽  
Laura Trujillano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Cornelia De Lange ◽  
Targeted Gene Sequencing

The aim of this study was to evaluate bone health and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Overall, nine individuals with CdLS (five females, all Caucasian, aged 5–38 years) were assessed. Total body less head (TBLH) and lumbar spine (LS) scans were performed, and bone serum biomarkers were determined. Molecular analyses were carried out and clinical scores and skeletal features were assessed. Based on deep sequencing of a custom target gene panel, it was discovered that eight of the nine CdLS patients had potentially causative genetic variants in NIPBL. Fat and lean mass indices (FMI and LMI) were 3.4–11.1 and 8.4–17.0 kg/m2, respectively. For TBLH areal bone mineral density (aBMD), after adjusting for height for age Z-score of children and adolescents, two individuals (an adolescent and an adult) had low BMD (aBMD Z-scores less than –2.0 SD). Calcium, phosphorus, 25-OH-vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 2.08–2.49 nmol/L, 2.10–3.75 nmol/L, 39.94–78.37 nmol/L, 23.4–80.3 pg/mL, and 43–203 IU/L, respectively. Individuals with CdLS might have normal adiposity and low levels of lean mass measured with DXA. Bone health in this population seems to be less of a concern during childhood and adolescence. However, they might be at risk for impaired bone health due to low aBMD in adulthood.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D and osteocalcin levels in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Yogiraj Vaijanathrao Chidre ◽  
Amir Babansab Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Osteoporosis is a common age related problem especially in women, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Apart from Calcium, another nutrient that plays an important role in the mineralization of skeleton in Vitamin D. Osteocalcin, which is produced primarily by osteoblasts during bone formation, is considered to be one of the markers for osteoporosis.Methods: 314 women above the age of 40 were included into the study. A thorough physical and clinical examination, assessment of vital parameters, anthropometry evaluation was done for all patients. Bone mineral density was calculated using central DXA osteodensitometer at lumbar spine L1-L4, hip and ultradistal radius (in some cases.). Blood samples were taken for the detection of ionized calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25hydroxivitamin D (25 ODH) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by chemiluminiscent assay. Bone markers such as osteocalcin were measured as required.Results: Out of the 314 women attending our OPD, 96 of them were diagnosed as having osteoporosis. 24 out of them had fragility fractures, mainly of the hip, and 82 had ostepenia. Elevated levels of calcium (8.96 mg/dl), parathyroid hormone (58.76 pg/ml) and osteocalcin (24.46 ng/ml) were observed. Vitamin D deficiency of ≤ 20 was seen in 59 (63%) of the cases, insufficient in 23 (24%) and only 12 (13%) of these women had normal Vitamin D levels.Conclusions: Osteocalcin is a promising marker for the detection of osteoporosis. There is a considerable Vitamin D deficiency among the women with osteoporosis, and it is under-treated. It is essential to provide Vitamin D supplementation to these women especially those who are at high risk for fragility fractures.

scholarly journals Longterm Antiepileptic Therapy and Bone Health: Implications for Patients with Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1, 2, 3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Admir Mehičević ◽  
Nevena Mahmutbegović ◽  
Ibrahim Omerhodžić ◽  
Enra Mehmedika Suljić
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Monotherapy Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiepileptic Agents ◽  
T Score ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>Objective. </strong>The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG) treatment on bone metabolism in epileptic patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods. </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed on normal controls (N=30) and 100 patients with symptomatic epilepsy caused by a primary brain tumor, divided into two groups according to the treatment: LTG monotherapy group (N=50) and CBZ monotherapy group (N=50). For each participant serum levels of 25-OHD and osteocalcin (OCLN) were measured, and bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of vitamin D in serum between the CBZ and LTG groups (Vitamin D CBZ 17.03±}12.86 vs. Vitamin D LTG 17.97±}9.15; F=0.171, P=0.680). There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of OCLN between the CBZ and LTG groups (OCLN CBZ 26.06±}10.87 vs. OCLN LTG 27.87±}28.45; F=0.171, P=0.674). The BMD value was lower in both groups using antiepileptic agents compared to the controls, but when comparing the CBZ group to the LTG group, a statistically significant difference was only observed for the Z score (T-score CBZ: 0.08±} 1.38 vs. T-score LTG: 0.37±} 1.02; F=1.495, P=0.224; Z score CBZ: -0.05±}1.17 vs. Z. Score CBZ: 0.38±}0.96; F=4.069, P=0.046) (Table 3).</p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. The choice of antiepileptic agents for treating seizures in patients with brain tumors should be carefully evaluated in relation to their impact on bone health. These patients could benefit from supplementation and regular measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Review of Bone Health Screening of at-risk Children and Adolescents: A Single Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-cheung Antony Fu ◽  
Wing Hang Luk
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Osteoporotic Risk

Abstract Background Bone health surveillance that includes laboratory tests and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for patients with conditions that predispose them to a higher risk of osteoporosis is recommended. This study aimed to review current practice of such surveillance in a local tertiary referral centre. Methods Retrospective review of clinical data of patients who underwent DXA from 2013 to 2017 inclusive. Laboratory test results and presence of osteoporotic risk which was defined as bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score -2 SD or less were documented.Results This review consisted of 112 patients, 58 boys and age ranged from 1.1 to 20.3 years. Most referrals for DXA came from the subspecialty of nephrology (56.3%). Vitamin D status was rarely evaluated in this cohort of patients, only 17.9% of subjects had their vitamin D level checked. Overall, osteoporotic risk was demonstrated in 37% of the subjects. Thalassaemia, other haematological diseases like chronic ITP, osteogenesis imperfecta and inflammatory bowel disease accounted for majority of cases with high risk of osteoporosis.Conclusion DXA is underutilized in this center. Bone health surveillance and protection should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Associations of Baltic Sea and Mediterranean dietary patterns with bone mineral density in elderly women

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 2735-2743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arja T Erkkilä ◽  
Homa Sadeghi ◽  
Masoud Isanejad ◽  
Jaakko Mursu ◽  
Marjo Tuppurainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

AbstractObjectiveDietary quality in relation to bone health has been analysed in relatively few studies. The current study aimed to assess the association of the Baltic Sea diet (BSD) and the Mediterranean diet (MD) with bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly women.DesignLumbar, femoral and total body BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and year 3. Dietary intake was measured by 3 d food record at baseline. BSD and MD scores were calculated from food and alcohol consumption and nutrient intake. Information on lifestyle, diseases and medications was collected by questionnaires. Longitudinal associations of BSD and MD scores with BMD were analysed using linear mixed models.SettingInterventional prospective Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Fracture Prevention study including women aged 65–71 years and residing in Kuopio province, Finland.SubjectsWomen (n 554) with mean age of 67·9 (sd 1·9) years and mean BMI of 28·8 (sd 4·7) kg/m2.ResultsHigher BSD scores were associated with higher intakes of fruit and berries, vegetables, fish and low-fat dairy products, and lower intake of sausage. Higher MD scores were associated with higher consumption of fruit and berries and vegetables. BSD and MD scores were associated with higher PUFA:SFA and higher fibre intake. Femoral, lumbar or total body BMD was not significantly different among the quartiles of BSD or MD score.ConclusionThe lack of associations suggest that Baltic Sea and Mediterranean dietary patterns may not adequately reflect dietary factors relevant to bone health.

Bone loss and vitamin D deficiency post gastrectomy for gastro-esophageal malignancy.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 165-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Virik ◽  
Robert Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Surgery

165 Background: Metabolic bone disease is a known but incompletely understood consequence of gastrectomy. Post gastrectomy osteoporosis (OP) is multifactorial. Evidence suggests that patients who undergo this surgery require long term bone health assessment and nutritional support. Methods: 30 post gastrectomy patients (2000-2008) from a single centre in Australia were evaluated re bone health post surgery and post nutritional supplementation. Exploratory analysis included: age, gender, pathology, type of surgery, 25 OH-vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral XRs, urinary calcium and N telopeptides of type I collagen. Other risk factors evaluated were: smoking, corticosteroid use, alcohol intake, hyperthyroidism, menopausal status, hyperparathyroidism (hPTH), pre-existing bone disease. Results: The median age of the cohort was 67.5 (range 53-83) of whom 22 (73%) were male. Histology showed 16 (53%) gastric adenocarcinoma, 6 (20%) esophageal adenocarcinoma, 2 (7%) GISTs, 5 (17%) gastric/duodenal lymphoma and 1 other category. Similar numbers of patients underwent total (12) and partial/distal gastrectomy (12), with 6 having a subtotal gastrectomy. 22 (73%) had a Roux-en-Y or BR II reconstruction and 8 had a BRI/other. Median time from surgery to first BMD was 54.5 months (range 12-360) with median correlative calcium level 2.24 (range 1.97-2.49), median vitamin D level 43 (range 11-82) and median PTH 6.4 (range 1.8-13.8). Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 14 (47%) of patients, osteopenia in 14 and 2 (7%) patients had a normal BMD. Low vitamin D was seen in 23 (77%) patients, low calcium levels in 5 (17%) and secondary hPTH in 12 (41%). Post nutritional supplementation preliminary results showed 2/23 (9%) had a low vitamin D level, 3/11 (27%) had secondary hPTH, 5/19 (26%) had osteoporosis, 12/19 (63%) had osteopenia and 2/19 had a normal BMD. Analysis of other risk factors is to follow. Conclusions: Poor bone health and vitamin D deficiency is a clinically significant problem post gastrectomy. Patients should undergo long term nutritional and bone health surveillance in addition to their oncological follow up post resection.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk in young adults with atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoung Kim ◽  
Jimi Choi ◽  
Moon Kyun Cho ◽  
Nam Hoon Kim ◽  
Sin Gon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) has been increasing worldwide over the past few decades. AD has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures in adult AD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) to evaluate osteoporosis risk in young adults with AD by sex. This was a case–control cohort study using a national dataset from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009. We included young adult AD patients (men aged 19 ≤ and < 50 years, premenopausal women aged 19 ≤ and < 50 years) and 1:5 propensity score weighting controls by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D level, and alcohol/smoking status. BMD was measured by double energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, femur neck, and total femur. The prevalence of low BMD, defined by a Z-score ≤  − 2.0, was compared between AD and without AD. We analyzed 311 (weighted n = 817,014) AD patients and 8,972 (weighted n = 20,880,643) controls. BMD at the lumbar spine was significantly lower in the male AD group than in the male control group (mean ± SE, 0.954 ± 0.016 vs. 0.989 ± 0.002, P = 0.03). The prevalence of low BMD (Z-score) did not significantly differ between AD and non-AD subjects in both men (3.8% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.56) and women (6.4% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.40). Among AD patients, early age at diagnosis of AD, longer duration of AD, lower BMI, rural residence (for men), less education, low vitamin D level, late menarche, and more pregnancies (for women) were associated with low BMD. In conclusion, low BMD did not occur more frequently in young adults with AD than in non-AD controls. However, early-onset/longer AD duration and lower BMI were associated with low BMD among young adult patients with AD.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in vitamin D status, bone health and athletic performance in competitive university student athletes: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia L. Wilson-Barnes ◽  
Julie E. A. Hunt ◽  
Emma L. Williams ◽  
Sarah J. Allison ◽  
James J. Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Parametric Testing ◽  
University Athletes

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly reported in elite athletes, but the vitamin D status of UK university athletes in different training environments remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine any seasonal changes in vitamin D status among indoor and outdoor athletes, and whether there was any relationship between vitamin D status and indices of physical performance and bone health. A group of forty-seven university athletes (indoor n 22, outdoor n 25) were tested during autumn and spring for serum vitamin D status, bone health and physical performance parameters. Blood samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) status. Peak isometric knee extensor torque using an isokinetic dynamometer and jump height was assessed using an Optojump. Aerobic capacity was estimated using the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans measured radial bone mineral density. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate parametric/non-parametric testing depending on the normality of the data. s-25(OH)D significantly fell between autumn (52·8 (sd 22·0) nmol/l) and spring (31·0 (sd 16·5) nmol/l; P < 0·001). In spring, 34 % of participants were considered to be vitamin D deficient (<25 nmol/l) according to the revised 2016 UK guidelines. These data suggest that UK university athletes are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Thus, further research is warranted to investigate the concomitant effects of low vitamin D status on health and performance outcomes in university athletes residing at northern latitudes.

Haemophilic Arthropathy Is a Risk Factor for Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Vitamin D Deficiency

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4685-4685
Author(s):  
M. Cem Ar ◽  
Serdar Sahin ◽  
Sevil Sadri ◽  
Isil Erdogan ◽  
Ayse Salihoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Haemophilic Arthropathy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction: Recent studies indicate an increased risk for developing low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with haemophilia. This has been suggested to result from less physical activity, and impaired vitamin D metabolism due to viral liver disease. Here we present the preliminary results of an ongoing study aiming to identify the risk factors for impaired bone health in adult haemophilia patients. Material and Method: Twenty-nine severe and 7 moderate haemophilia A and B patients were included in the study. Patient characteristics were given in Table-1. All patients had haemophilic arthropathy in ≥1 joints and were on prophylactic factor replacement therapy except 2 on demand patients. None of the patients had decompensated chronic liver disease. Eleven patients had a history of joint intervention (RAS or joint replacement). None of the patients had received on vitamin D supplementation. DEXA scans to screen BMD, blood chemical analysis including liver and kidney function tests, vit. D (25 hydroxy vitamin D) calcium, parathormone, alkaline phosphatase were obtained from all patients at study entry. Results: Osteoporosis and/or osteopenia according to WHO criteria were detected by DEXA scans in 2/3 of the patients. Twenty-six patients (72%) had vit. D levels below 20ng/mL, with half of them having levels less than 10ng/mL. Median lumbar and femur T scores were in the osteopenia range, being -1.2 and -2.2, respectively. Osteoporosis/penia rates and vit. D levels did not significantly differ between patients with severe and moderate haemophilia. However, patients with severe haemophilia had lower lumbar T scores (p=0.048) and seemed to acquire low BMD 2 times more likely than moderate haemophiliacs. Patients with a history of joint intervention had significantly lower vit. D levels (p=0.005) and 1.4 times more risk for low BMD. Conclusion: Preliminary results of our study are in line with the recent literature indicating an increased frequency for osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with haemophilia. Despite their young age our cohort of patients had lower BMD and vitamin D levels than the age-matched healthy population. This is an interesting finding in a country like Turkey where the average yearly total number of hours of bright sunshine is over 3000. Data at hand suggest increased risk for reduced BMD especially in severe haemophiliacs with impaired joint mobility. The most probable underlying cause for reduced BMD seems to be haemophilic arthropathy related inactivity. Furthermore, impaired bone health seems to be partially associated with less sunlight exposure, which is probably a result of increased home confinement of patients with haemophilia due to joint disease. The study is still recruiting. We hope to clarify other questions regarding factors influencing bone health in haemophiliacs when the study is completed and additional data on radiological and physical examination as well as on quality of life are obtained. Table. Patient Characteristics (n=36) Age, years (median [range]) 35 [20 - 55] Type of haemophilia ( A/B), n 32/4 Genotype (severe/moderate), n 29/7 Factor activity level, % (median [range]) 0.4 [0.1 - 4.2] Type of treatment (prophylaxis/on demand) 34/2 Annual bleeding rate (median [range]) 4 [1 - 12] Joint replacement, number of patients (%) 7 (19) Radioactive synoviectomy, number of patients (%) 7 (19) Any joint intervention, number of patients (%) 11 (30.5) Lumbar T scores (median [range]) -1.2 [-5.2 - 1] Femur T scores (median [range]) -2.2 [-3.9 - 0.6] Vit. D, ng/mL (median [range]) 10.5 [1.3 - 45] Calcium, mg/dL (median [range]) 9.6 [8.9 - 10.2] Alkaline phosphatase, U/L (median [range]) 91.5 [53 - 177] Parathormon, pg/mL (median [range]) 39 [20 - 179] Haemoglobin, g/dL (median [range]) 14.75 [8.9 - 16] Osteopenia, number of patients (%) 12 (33) Osteoporosis, number of patients (%) 12 (33) HBV/HCV/HIV, n 1/11/0 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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