scholarly journals Dietary Profile and Nutritional Status of the Roma Population Living in Segregated Colonies in Northeast Hungary

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Erand Llanaj ◽  
Ferenc Vincze ◽  
Zsigmond Kósa ◽  
János Sándor ◽  
Judit Diószegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Roma Ethnicity ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dietary Data

Nutrition studies among Roma are scarce and to date no quantified dietary data are available. This report provides, for the first time, quantified dietary data and comprehensive anthropometric information for the Hungarian Roma (HR) population, with Hungarian general (HG) adults as reference. Data were obtained from a complex comparative health survey, involving 387 and 410 subjects of HR and HG populations, respectively. Using corporal measurements, body composition indicators were constructed, while daily nutrient intakes were evaluated in comparison with internationally accepted guidelines on nutrient requirements and recommended intakes. Associations between Roma ethnicity and nutrient intakes, as well as odds of achieving dietary recommendations were explored using regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates (i.e., age, gender, education, marital status and perceived financial status). Results showed occasional differences for selected nutrient intakes between the groups, with HR’s intake being less favorable. Total fat intake, predominantly animal-sourced, exceeded recommendations among HR (36.1 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): 35.2–37.0) and was not dissimilar to HG group (37.1 g, 95% CI: 36.3–38.0). Sodium intake among HR was significantly lower (5094.4 mg, 95% CI: 4866.0–5322.8) compared to HG (5644.0 mg, 95% CI: 5351.9–5936.0), but significantly greater than recommended intake in both groups. HR had greater estimated body fatness (25.6–35.1%) and higher average body mass index (BMI, 27.7 kg/m2, 95% CI: 26.9–28.4), compared to HG. In addition, HR had lower odds of achieving dietary recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.97, p < 0.05). Findings warrant further research, while highlighting the importance of establishing and integrating Roma nutrition into national surveillance and monitoring systems for key dietary risk factors.

II. The Population Approach: Nutrition Recommendations for Healthy Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Total Fat

The primary goals of the dietary recommendations are to limit intakes of SFA to less than 10 percent of total calories, to provide sufficient calories for growth and development without promoting obesity, and to limit cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day. These may be achieved more easily if the intake of total fat is restricted to no more than 30 percent of calories.

scholarly journals Rating Effective Factors on Motivating Employees for Job Persistence by Using Fuzzy AHP Method: A Case Study among the Employees of the Deqat Khodro Kousha (IPACO) Company

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Khadem ◽  
Darush Rahmati ◽  
Ali Yavari ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Etemadifar ◽  
Alireza Eftekharian
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Library Research ◽  
First Time

The goal of this research is to prioritize effective factors on motivating employees to keep on working and determining the most important effective factors on the employees' motivation. In this paper, to grade effective factors on the employees' motivation for keeping on to work, the Fuzzy AHP method, which is one of the multi-standard decision-making methods was utilized. Field research and library research methods were used for collecting the needed information.  Results indicated that among the effective factors on the employees' motivation for job persistence, the health factor is the most important and financial status is the second most important factor. The least importance is given to the significance of the work for that person. In this paper, the effective factors on the employees' motivation for job persistence were rated for the first time. Results of this research are very useful in devising strategies that are related to keeping employees for the human resources' executives. The results of this paper are not applicable to all organizations. Furthermore, in this research, only the factors with positive impacts on employees for job persistence were rated.

scholarly journals Effect of Manual Data Cleaning on Nutrient Intakes using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Y Bouzid ◽  
Joanne E Arsenault ◽  
Ellen L Bonnel ◽  
Eduardo Cervantes ◽  
Annie Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background Automated dietary assessment tools such as ASA24® are useful for collecting 24-hour recall data in large-scale studies. Modifications made during manual data cleaning may affect nutrient intakes. Objectives We evaluated the effects of modifications made during manual data cleaning on nutrients intakes of interest: energy, carbohydrate, total fat, protein, and fiber. Methods Differences in mean intake before and after data cleaning modifications for all recalls and average intakes per subject were analyzed by paired t-tests. Chi-squared test was used to determine whether unsupervised recalls had more open-ended text responses that required modification than supervised recalls. We characterized food types of text response modifications. Correlations between predictive energy requirements, measured total energy expenditure (TEE), and mean energy intake from raw and modified data were examined. Results After excluding 11 recalls with invalidating technical errors, 1499 valid recalls completed by 393 subjects were included in this analysis. We found significant differences before and after modifications for energy, carbohydrate, total fat, and protein intakes for all recalls (p &lt; 0.05). Limiting to modified recalls, there were significant differences for all nutrients of interest, including fiber (p &lt; 0.02). There was not a significantly greater proportion of text responses requiring modification for home compared to supervised recalls (p = 0.271). Predicted energy requirements correlated highly with TEE. There was no significant difference in correlation of mean energy intake with TEE for modified compared to raw data. Mean intake for individual subjects was significantly different for energy, protein, and fat intakes following cleaning modifications (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Manual modifications can change mean nutrient intakes for an entire cohort and individuals. However, modifications did not significantly affect correlation of energy intake with predictive requirements and measured expenditure. Investigators can consider their research question and nutrients of interest when deciding to make cleaning modifications.

scholarly journals Diet quality in patients with stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Dearborn ◽  
Tehmina Khera ◽  
Meghan Peterson ◽  
Zartashia Shahab ◽  
Walter N Kernan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Ischaemic Attack ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fats ◽  
Total Fat

ObjectiveA healthy diet is associated with reduced risk for stroke, myocardial infarction, cancer and death. We examined the prevalence of a healthy diet in patients with a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).MethodsWe recruited a convenience sample of 95 patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA. Using information from a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, we calculated dietary quality and the percentage of patients meeting recommended daily intake (RDI) for common macronutrients and elements.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 66 years (SD: 16) and 46% were women. 39 patients (41%) were classified as having a healthy diet (35% of men and 48% of women). The majority of patients were within the RDI for carbohydrates (56.8%), total fat (61.1%), long-chain n-3 fats (68.4%), polyunsaturated fats (79.0%) and protein (96.8%). Very few patients consumed the recommended intake for sodium (25.3%), and even fewer consumed the RDI for potassium (4.2%), with the majority of patients consuming too much sodium and too little potassium.ConclusionWe found that most patients with recent stroke or TIA were not following a healthy diet before their stroke event. For most patients, sodium intake was much above and potassium intake was much below RDI.

scholarly journals Tracking of nutrient intakes in adolescence: the experiences of the Young Hearts Project, Northern Ireland

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Robson ◽  
A. M. Gallagher ◽  
M. B. E. Livingstone ◽  
G. W. Cran ◽  
J. J. Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Diet History ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

This study evaluated the tracking of energy and nutrient intakes, assessed by diet history, in a random sample of adolescents (boys n 225, girls n 230) at baseline (age 12 years), and subsequently at age 15 years. Median energy (MJ/d) and macronutrient (g/d) intakes increased significantly (all P<0·001) with increasing age in the boys. The girls' reported energy intake (MJ/d) remained stable over time, despite significant increases in BMI, weight and % body fat. Age-related changes in the girls' macronutrient intakes were inconsistent. When expressed in terms of nutrient density, the diets of both sexes became significantly richer, over time, in total folate (both sexes, P<0·01), but poorer in Ca (boys P<0·01, girls P<0·001) and riboflavin (both sexes P<0·001). Vitamin B6 (P<0·001) and Fe (P<0·05) densities increased in the boys, while the thiamin density of the girls' diets decreased (P<0·001). Tracking, defined as maintenance of rank over time, was summarised using weighted kappa statistics (κ). There were some significant changes in intakes at the group level; however, tracking of energy and nutrients in both sexes was only poor to fair (κ<0·40), indicating substantial drift of individuals between classes of intake over time. Particularly poor tracking was evident for % energy from sugars (κ 0·09) and total fat (κ 0·09) in the girls' diets. In conclusion, the poor to fair tracking observed in this cohort suggests that individual dietary patterns exhibited at 12 years of age are unlikely to be predictive of energy and nutrient intake at age 15 years.

scholarly journals Fresh and Lean Beef Consumption in Relation to Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality Among U.S. Adults, 2005–2016 (P18-057-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Sharon Nickols-Richardson ◽  
Reginald Alston ◽  
Sa Shen ◽  
Caitlin Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Objectives This study assessed the influence of beef consumption on nutrient intakes and diet quality among U.S. adults. Methods Nationally-representative sample (N = 27,117) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016 waves were analyzed. First-difference estimator addressed confounding bias from time-invariant unobservables (e.g., eating habits, taste preferences) by using within-individual variations in beef consumption between 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Results Approximately 53.6%, 11.6%, and 6.7% of American adults consumed beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef, respectively. An increase in lean beef and fresh lean beef consumption by one ounce-equivalent per day was associated with an increase in the Health Eating Index-2010 score by 0.20 (95% CI = 0.10, 0.29) and 0.29 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.55), respectively. Prevalence of beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef consumption differed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, and obesity status. An increase in beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef consumption by one ounce-equivalent per day was found to be associated with an increase in intakes of total energy by 46.1, 39.6, 34.3, and 23.3 kcal, protein by 5.0, 4.1, 4.9, and 4.2 g, sodium by 66.6, 63.4, 35.8, and 39.1 mg, choline by 18.9, 18.1, 19.4, and 18.9 mg, iron by 0.6, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.5 mg, selenium by 3.8, 3.4, 3.6, and 3.8 µg, zinc by 1.4, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.1 mg, phosphorus by 37.1, 37.5, 32.4, and 34.4 mg, vitamin B2 by 0.03, 0.05, 0.02, and 0.04 mg, vitamin B3 by 0.9, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.6 mg, and vitamin B6 by 0.1, 0.06, 0.1, and 0.07 mg, respectively. An increase in beef, fresh beef, and lean beef consumption by one ounce-equivalent per day was found to be associated with an increase in daily intakes of saturated fat by 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6 g, and vitamin B12 by 0.4, 0.3, and 0.4 µg, respectively. No association linking fresh lean beef consumption with daily intakes of saturated fat and vitamin B12 was identified. Conclusions Beef consumers are advised to increase their share of fresh and lean beef over total beef intake in an effort to maximize their nutritional gains from beef consumption while minimize the resultant increase in energy, saturated fat, and sodium intake. Funding Sources National Cattlemen's Beef Association.

scholarly journals Revised Reference Values for the Intake of Sodium and Chloride

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Strohm ◽  
Angela Bechthold ◽  
Sabine Ellinger ◽  
Eva Leschik-Bonnet ◽  
Peter Stehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Sodium Loss

Background: In January 2017, the nutrition societies of ­Germany, Austria and Switzerland revised the reference values for sodium and chloride intake. Methods: For adults, the estimated value for sodium intake was derived on the basis of a balance study. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from this estimated value considering differences in body mass. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, an estimated value was set based on the sodium intake via breast milk. From this value the estimated value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was also derived by extrapolation. The estimated value for lactating women takes into account the fact that the sodium loss via breast milk is compensated through homoeostatic mechanisms. Except for infants, the reference values for chloride intake were derived based on the estimated values for sodium intake. Results: For adults, pregnant and lactating women, the estimated values for sodium and chloride intake are set at 1,500 and 2,300 mg/day. Discussion and Conclusion: Reference values for sodium and chloride can be derived in terms of estimated values. Considering dietary recommendations for sodium and chloride, it must be taken into account that high intake of sodium chloride (salt) is associated with adverse health effects, for example, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to lower salt intake in the general population.

scholarly journals Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes are associated with higher hemoglobin A1c: findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 2771-2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitong Churuangsuk ◽  
Michael E.J. Lean ◽  
Emilie Combet
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Purpose Evidence of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LCHF) for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevention is scarce. We investigated how carbohydrate intake relates to HbA1c and T2DM prevalence in a nationally representative survey dataset. Methods We analyzed dietary information (4-day food diaries) from 3234 individuals aged ≥ 16 years, in eight waves of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2016). We calculated LCHF scores (0–20, higher score indicating lower  %food energy from carbohydrate, with reciprocal higher contribution from fat) and UK Dietary Reference Value (DRV) scores (0–16, based on UK dietary recommendations). Associations between macronutrients and diet scores and diabetes prevalence were analyzed (in the whole sample) using multivariate logistic regression. Among those without diabetes, analyses between exposures and %HbA1c (continuous) were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, total energy intake, socioeconomic status and survey years. Results In the overall study sample, 194 (6.0%) had diabetes. Mean intake was 48.0%E for carbohydrates, and 34.9%E for total fat. Every 5%E decrease in carbohydrate, and every 5%E increase in fat, was associated with 12% (95% CI 0.78–0.99; P = 0.03) and 17% (95% CI 1.02–1.33; P = 0.02) higher odds of diabetes, respectively. Each two-point increase in LCHF score is related to 8% (95% CI 1.02–1.14; P = 0.006) higher odds of diabetes, while there was no evidence for association between DRV score and diabetes. Among the participants without diagnosed diabetes (n = 3130), every 5%E decrease in carbohydrate was associated with higher %HbA1c by + 0.016% (95% CI 0.004–0.029; P = 0.012), whereas every 5%E increase in fat was associated with higher  %HbA1c by + 0.029% (95% CI 0.015–0.043; P < 0.001). Each two-point increase in LCHF score is related to higher  %HbA1c by + 0.010% (0.1 mmol/mol), while each two-point increase in the DRV score is related to lower  %HbA1c by − 0.023% (0.23 mmol/mol). Conclusions Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes were associated with higher HbA1c and greater odds of having diabetes. These data do not support low(er) carbohydrate diets for diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Salt Consumption in Latvian Population: A Pilot Study

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ilva Lazda ◽  
Māris Goldmanis ◽  
Inese Siksna
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Dietary Data

Background and objective: High dietary sodium intake is associated with multiple health risks, and the average sodium intake in Latvia is higher than the World Health Organization has recommended. In Latvia, no study so far has combined self-reported dietary data on sodium and potassium intake with objective measurements in 24-h urine samples. This pilot study aimed to cross-validate both methods and to assess any possible factors interfering with the collection of samples and data in large, population-based future studies of sodium and potassium intake in Latvian adults. Materials and methods: A stratified random sample of healthy Latvian adults aged 19–64 (n = 30) was drawn. Dietary data of sodium and potassium was collected using one 24-h dietary recall and a two-day food diary. Sodium and potassium excretion was measured by one 24-h urinary collection. Results: Median intake of sodium and potassium based on dietary data was 2276.4 mg/day (interquartile range (IQR), 1683.3–3979.4) and 2172.0 mg/day (IQR, 1740.6–3506.5), respectively. Median intake of sodium and potassium based on urinary data was 3500.3 mg/day (IQR, 2191.0–5535.0) and 2965.4 mg/day (IQR, 2530.2–3749.9), respectively. Urinary data showed significantly higher results than dietary records (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.023). Only 13% of the subjects did not exceed the WHO-recommended limit of 2000 mg of sodium per day, and only 33% consumed at least the recommended allowance of 3510 mg of potassium per day. Median intake of salt was 8.8 g/day (IQR, 5.5–13.8) (according to urinary data). Conclusions: The findings from the present study showed considerable underestimation of dietary sodium and potassium intake based on self-reported dietary data. Urinary data revealed more accurate results, and showed that Latvian adults exceed the amount of salt recommended and consume less potassium than recommended. The pilot study also showed that the chosen methods are adequate for implementation in large, population-based studies to evaluate dietary intake of salt, sodium, and potassium in populations of Latvian adults.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns throughout childhood and associations with nutrient intakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Cribb ◽  
Pauline Emmett ◽  
Kate Northstone
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how the dietary patterns of children at various time points throughout childhood relate to estimated nutrient intakes.DesignFFQ at 3, 4, 7 and 9 years of age were completed by mothers. Dietary patterns were identified cross-sectionally using principal component analysis; ‘processed’, ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ patterns were consistently obtained. Correlations between pattern scores and nutrient intakes and proportions of variance in nutrients explained by the patterns were calculated.SettingAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Bristol, UK.SubjectsChildren provided data between 3 and 9 years of age (n 8010 to 10 023).ResultsDietary patterns explained substantial proportions of the variance of the absolute intake for most nutrients (>25 % at 3 years of age, >40 % other ages). After energy adjustment, protein, fibre, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, folate, thiamin and vitamin B6 continued to be well explained. Strong correlations were observed between the ‘processed’ pattern and macronutrients including energy (r = 0·481–0·619), total fat (r = 0·529–0·662) and total sugar (r = 0·475–0·693). However correlations with most micronutrients were reversed after energy adjustment, suggesting that the ‘processed’ pattern is energy-dense but nutrient-poor. The ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ patterns were strongly positively correlated with protein, fibre and most micronutrients, whether energy adjusted or not. Higher scores on these patterns were associated with a better nutrient profile.ConclusionsDietary patterns explain a reasonable amount of the variation in the nutrient content of diets. Higher scores on the ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ dietary patterns were related to better nutrient profiles; conversely, with higher scores on the ‘processed’ pattern the nutrient profile was poorer.

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