scholarly journals The Relationship of Diet Quality with Proportion of Daily Energy Contributed by Sandwiches Varies by Age over Adulthood in Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski ◽  
May A. Beydoun ◽  
Nancy Cotugna ◽  
Elizabeth Schwenk ◽  
Michele K. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Sandwiches are considered a staple in diets of United States adults. Previous research with Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study participants revealed that 16% consume a sandwich dietary pattern providing with 44% of their daily energy. Yet, little is known about the effect of sandwiches on diet quality over time. The study objectives were to determine the relationship of energy contributed by sandwiches to diet quality in this socioeconomically and racially diverse sample categorized by age (<50 years and ≥50 years at baseline) and to describe patterns of sandwich consumption over ~12 years. The analyses included a series of linear mixed-effects regression models, with age as the time variable centered at 50 years. In each model, the main outcome was Healthy Eating Index-2010 score with up to three scores, while the main predictor was % total energy from sandwiches (0, >0–20%, >20%) measured concurrently at each visit. Diet quality of older men with income <125% poverty improved over time for those consuming >0–20% and >20% energy from sandwiches compared to young women with incomes >125% poverty who were non-reporters of sandwiches (β ± SE: 10.93 ± 5.27, p = 0.01; 13.11 ± 4.96, p = 0.01, respectively). The three most common sandwich types reported, in descending order, were cold cuts, beef, and poultry.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score in US Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1492-1492
Author(s):  
Suzanne Summer ◽  
Todd Jenkins ◽  
Thomas Inge ◽  
Ranjan Deka ◽  
Jane Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal obesity that increases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. MetS affects ∼10% of US adolescents, but more may be at risk. The MetS severity z-score (MetS-z) is a continuous measure that may be useful for indicating MetS risk. Preventing at-risk adolescents from developing MetS may be achievable through changes in lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of lifestyle-related factors with MetS-z in adolescents. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents (12 to 19 y) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016. MetS-z was calculated from sex- and race-specific equations developed for adolescents. Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD, representing abdominal visceral fat) was obtained using NHANES standard procedures. Dietary intake was estimated via two 24-hour diet recall interviews and used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 total (range 0–100) and component scores (range 0–10) indicating diet quality. Physical activity (PA, minutes/week of voluntary moderate or vigorous exercise) was reported by participants to trained interviewers and used to determine adherence to national PA guidelines of at least 60 min/day. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship of HEI scores, SAD and physical activity with MetS-z. Results Sample size was 1291 (49% female, 50% white) adolescents. Means (SEM) were: Age, 15.4 y (0.09); BMI z-score, 0.63 (0.04); MetS-z, −0.08 (0.03); SAD, 18.3 cm (0.14); and HEI score, 47.4 (0.46). Median min/week of PA was 178.5, with 30.4% of adolescents meeting PA guidelines. The final model (R2 = 0.53) included age, SAD (β = 0.17, P &lt; 0.0001), HEI score (β = −0.003, P = 0.09), and physical activity (β = −0.005, P = 0.69). Conclusions US adolescents consume a poor-quality diet and less than half meet physical activity guidelines, yet as a group they have a MetS z-score &lt;0, indicating low overall risk. SAD had a significant, positive association with MetS-z. While physical activity and diet were not significant in the model, results suggest the need for improvement of overall diet quality to potentially reduce risk of MetS and related chronic diseases in youth. Funding Sources None.

Is Seeing Believing?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Eyssel ◽  
Daniel Geschke ◽  
Wolfgang Frindte
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Islamophobia is a severe issue in Germany and other Western societies. To advance our understanding and contribute to possible solutions, the present two-wave field study investigated the role of TV consumption in the emergence and maintenance of Islamophobia in a weighted sample of non-Muslim Germans (N = 97; aged 14–33 years). Past research has indicated a negative bias in Islam-related news coverage, which is especially extreme on German private TV channels. The present study investigated the relationship between TV consumption and Islamophobia using Slater’s theory of reinforcing spirals of media selectivity and effects ( Slater, 2007 , Communication Theory, 17, 281–303). It sought to investigate the validity of and to refine Slater’s theory. Thus, TV consumption was differentiated between quantity and quality (divided between preference for public channels ARD/ZDF and private channels RTL/Sat.1). We hypothesized (a) a significant cross-sectional relationship of quantity and quality of TV consumption (preference for public/private channels) to the Islamophobia level, and (b) a mutual reinforcement of quantity/quality of TV consumption and Islamophobia over time. Results of step-wise linear regressions showed significant relations of private channel preference to levels of Islamophobia (cross-sectional) and a mutually reinforcing spiral process between the private channel preference and Islamophobia over time. The results emphasize (a) the importance of a specification of the construct of media use central to Slater's theory and (b) the need for an improvement of the Islam-related news coverage to decrease Islamophobia in Germany.

scholarly journals Interplay Between Spirituality and Religiosity on the Physical and Mental Well-Being of Cancer Survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cannon ◽  
Mehmet Dokucu ◽  
Fausto Loberiza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose: This study explored the relationship of spirituality and religiosity as it affects the physical and mental quality of life (pQOL, mQOL) of cancer survivors. Methods: This is a prospective observational study that included adults ≥19 years who received treatment for various types of cancer. Patients’ QOL was obtained at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Cohorts were categorized according to spirituality/religiosity levels: low spirituality – low religiosity (LSLR), low spirituality – high religiosity (LSHR), high spirituality – low religiosity (HSLR), and high spirituality – high religiosity (HSHR). Results: Of the 551 eligible: 248 (45%) had HSHR, 196 (36%) had LSHR, 75 (14%) had LSLR, and 32 (6%) had HSLR. The pQOL of LSLR were significantly lower than those with HSHR (p = 0.02). The difference in pQOL between LS and HS were observed among those who have HR (p <0.0001). Among patients with LR, pQOL did not differ. The mQOL of patients with LSLR was significantly lower than those with HSHR (p < 0.0001). The mQOL of those with HS was significantly higher than those with LS in both cohorts having LR (p <0.0001) or HR (p <0.0001). pQOL decreased while mQOL increased over time regardless of spirituality or religiosity levels.Conclusion: Spirituality is important in the improvement of both pQOL and mQOL of cancer survivors, while religiosity may have some impact on pQOL. Clinicians’ incorporation of spirituality into cancer treatment facilitates well-rounded care, that offers measurable improvements for patients with an illness, of which the treatment is often arduous, and uncertain.

scholarly journals Does Household Food Insecurity Reflects Diet Quality of Children? A Study among the B40 Families in Pendang, Kedah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Apeera Prak Chang ◽  
Asma’ Ali
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Child Hunger ◽  
The Relationship

Food insecurity is interrelated with low food supply consumption which have high disposition to poor diet quality. However, less study has been done in assessing the relationship between food insecurity and diet quality of children in Malaysia. Therefore, this study objectives are to determine food insecurity level and diet quality of children from B40 families in Kedah. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 106 children aged 7 – 12 years old from one selected district in Pendang, Kedah. Radimer/Cornell Hunger was used to determine food insecurity level of the children, while diet quality of the children was assessed by applying modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2005. Based on the result, 43.4% of the household were categorized as food secure while 56.6% were food insecure. Those food insecure were classified into three levels and the study found that 61.0% were household food insecure, 28.0% were individual food insecure and 11.0% of the household were child hunger. About 28.3% of them had poor diet quality, 69.8% of them had diet that needs improvements and only 1.9% of them had good diet quality. However, there was no significant relationship found between food insecurity and diet quality of these children (p = 0.436). This is somehow indicated that food insecurity does not reflect the diet quality of children from the B40 families in this study.

The Relationship between Literacy and Diet Quality among Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) Study Participants

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. A62
Author(s):  
L. Pryor ◽  
M. Fanelli-Kuczmarski ◽  
N. Cotugna ◽  
L. Hotchkiss ◽  
M. Kitner-Triolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2717
Author(s):  
Magdalena Vinyard ◽  
Meghan Zimmer ◽  
Kirsten A. Herrick ◽  
Mary Story ◽  
Wenyen Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Over Time

Diet quality in the United States is improving over time but remains poor. Food outlets influence diet quality and represent the environments in which individuals make choices about food purchases and intake. The objective of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to evaluate the quality of foods consumed from the four major outlets where food is obtained—stores, full-service restaurants, quick-services restaurants, and schools—and to assess changes over time. This cross-sectional study used 24 h dietary recall data from eight cycles (2003–2004 to 2017–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Linear trend estimation was used to test for changes in HEI scores over time, and balanced repeated replicate weighted linear regression was used to test for differences in total and component scores between types of food outlets. Overall, Americans are not consuming a mix of foods from any major category of food outlet that aligns with dietary guidelines. The total score for schools (65/100 points) and stores (62/100 points) was significantly higher than full-service (51/100 points) and quick-service (39/100 points) restaurants (p < 0.0001). HEI scores significantly improved over time for schools (p < 0.001), including an increase in whole grains from less than 1 point in 2003–2004 to 7 out of 10 points in 2017–2018. In 2017–2018, schools received the maximum score for total fruits, whole fruits, and dairy. Continued research on strategies for improving the quality of foods consumed from restaurants and stores is warranted.

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