scholarly journals Pre-Competition Weight Loss Models in Taekwondo: Identification, Characteristics and Risk of Dehydration

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2793
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janiszewska ◽  
Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Extreme Model ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
Study Participants

Athletes use different combinations of weight loss methods during competition preparation. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize pre-competition weight loss models, which describe these combinations. The second aim was to determine if any existing model pose a higher risk of severe dehydration and whether any of the models could be continued as a lower-risk option. The third aim was to explore whether athletes who used different weight management strategies could be differentiated based on age, sex, training experience or anthropometric parameters. Study participants were randomly selected from Olympic taekwondo competitors and 192 athletes were enrolled. Active (47% weight-reducing athletes), passive (31%) and extreme (22%) models have been described. In the extreme model, athletes combined the highest number of different weight loss methods (3.9 ± 0.9 methods vs. 2.4 ± 0.9 in active and 1.5 ± 0.6 in passive), reduced significantly more body mass than others (6.7 ± 3.5% body mass vs. 4.3 ± 1.9% and 4.5 ± 2.4%; p < 0.01) and all of them used methods with the highest risk of severe dehydration. The active and passive models could be continued as a lower-risk option, if athletes do not combine dehydrating methods and do not prolong the low energy availability phase. The extreme model carried the highest risk of severe dehydration. Every fifth weight-reducing taekwondo athlete may have been exposed to the adverse effects of acute weight loss. Taekwondo athletes, regardless of age, sex, training experience and anthropometric parameters, lose weight before the competition and those characteristics do not differentiate them between models.

Rapid Weight Loss Elicits Harmful Biochemical and Hormonal Responses in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Silveira Coswig ◽  
David Hideyoshi Fukuda ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical and hormonal responses between mixed martial arts (MMA) competitors with minimal prefight weight loss and those undergoing rapid weight loss (RWL). Blood samples were taken from 17 MMA athletes (Mean± SD; age: 27.4 ±5.3yr; body mass: 76.2 ± 12.4kg; height: 1.71 ± 0.05m and training experience: 39.4 ± 25 months) before and after each match, according to the official events rules. The no rapid weight loss (NWL, n = 12) group weighed in on the day of the event (~30 min prior fight) and athletes declared not having used RWL strategies, while the RWL group (n = 5) weighed in 24 hr before the event and the athletes claimed to have lost 7.4 ± 1.1kg, approximately 10% of their body mass in the week preceding the event. Results showed significant (p < .05) increases following fights, regardless of group, in lactate, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, and cortisol for all athletes. With regard to group differences, NWL had significantly (p < .05) greater creatinine levels (Mean± SD; pre to post) (NWL= 101.6 ± 15–142.3 ± 22.9μmol/L and RWL= 68.9 ± 10.6–79.5 ± 15.9μmol/L), while RWL had higher LDH (median [interquartile range]; pre to post) (NWL= 211.5[183–236] to 231[203–258]U/L and RWL= 390[370.5–443.5] to 488[463.5–540.5]U/L) and AST (NWL= 30[22–37] to 32[22–41]U/L and 39[32.5–76.5] to 72[38.5–112.5] U/L) values (NWL versus RWL, p < .05). Post hoc analysis showed that AST significantly increased in only the RWL group, while creatinine increased in only the NWL group. The practice of rapid weight loss showed a negative impact on energy availability and increased both muscle damage markers and catabolic expression in MMA fighters.

scholarly journals Influence of the Stable Component of the External Appearance on the Perceived Age of a Person

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
T.A. Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
Study Participants

The “perceived age” of a person is the age attributed to him by another person in the process of perceiving his appearance. The research is devoted to the study of the influence of a stable component of a person’s appearance (the main body characteristics — height, weight and body mass index) on the perceived age of a person. The study involved 94 people: 30 women (18—49 years old) who attend weight loss courses; 24 women and 12 men (20—51 years old) who do not attend special weight loss courses; 28 evaluators (ordinary people from 22 to 45 years old) who evaluate the age of the study participants based on photos. The obtained data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney u-test, Wilcoxon T-test, and Spearman correlation analysis. Conclusions: 1) women who have taken weight loss courses look younger than they did before losing weight; 2) men and women who do not attend weight loss courses look younger or older than their years depending on their weight and body mass index (those who look younger have a lower weight and index); 3) the results of weight loss in women differ depending on their attitude to their appearance, social needs, and parameters of psychological well-being. The conducted research proves the influence of the parameters of a person’s physique on his perceived age, confirms the determinative role of self-assessment of appearance in the implementation of various practices for the transformation of ones appearance.

scholarly journals Anthropometric profile of female handball players is related to bone mineral density

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-306
Author(s):  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Michał Górski ◽  
Jan Gajewski ◽  
Krzysztof Buśko
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of a wide range of anthropometric parameters with BMD in normal-weight women: handball players and healthy untrained students. Thirteen former female handball players, (age 21.2±0.9 years, body mass 64.2±6.1 kg, training experience 6.7±2.4 years) and 51 randomly selected untrained students (age 20.6±1.2 years, body mass 58.1±6.8 kg), were examined. The anthropometric measurements included 16 variables. BMD was measured on the radius of the non-dominant hand at distal and proximal points with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), using a Norland pDEXA densitometer. Relationships between BMD and anthropometric variables were assessed in 64 normal-weight women (BMI≥18.5 and ≤ 24.99 kg/m2), by calculating Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. We found a significant positive relationship between bone mass characteristics and biacromial breadth (0.30-0.53), calf (0.28-0.47) and arm (0.27-0.42) girth corrected, and lean body mass (LBM) (kg) (0.38-0.61) and (%) (0,27) in the group of normal-weight women. The student groups were significantly different (analysis of variance with Scheffé post hoc test, p<0.001) in BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) and Z-score at both measured points. The former handball players were also characterized by higher body mass and LBM (kg), as well as corrected body girths and biacromial breadth (p<0.001), compared to untrained students. The groups did not differ significantly in body height or total fat. The morphological profile of the female handball players is conducive to BMD. Skeletal characteristics and muscle tissue had a significant beneficial effect on bone mineral characteristics in young women with normal weight.

Abstract 16: Association of Baseline & Longitudinal Changes in Fitness & Body Mass Index With Risk of Heart Failure in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis From the Look Ahead Trial

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish Pandey ◽  
Kershaw Patel ◽  
Judy Bahnson ◽  
Darren K McGuire ◽  
Jarett D Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The Look ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is associated with higher risk for HF. The contributions of baseline measures of and changes in fitness (CRF) toward HF risk in T2DM is not well-established. Methods: Participants of the Look AHEAD trial without prevalent HF randomized to the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) vs. usual care arms were included. Incident HF hospitalization and its subtypes [HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF>= 50%, HFpEF) & HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF < 50%, HFrEF)] were adjudicated through the end of 2014 using a validated approach. The associations of baseline CRF estimated from a maximal treadmill test and changes in CRF (from baseline to year 4) with risk of HF and its subtypes were evaluated using adjusted Cox models. Results: Among the 5,109 study participants, there was no significant difference in the risk of HF (n = 257 events) between the ILI vs. usual care groups [HR (95% CI) = 0.96 (0.75 - 1.23)] over 12.4 years follow up. In adjusted analysis, the risk of HF was 39% and 62% lower among moderate fit [Tertile 2] and high fit [Tertile 3] groups, respectively [vs. low fit (Tertile 1), Table]. Among HF subtypes, the risk of HFpEF was 40% lower in moderate fit and 77% lower in the high fit groups (vs. low fit). In contrast, baseline CRF was not associated with risk of HFrEF after adjustment for potential confounders (Table). BMI was also not associated with risk of HF after adjustment for CV risk factors. Among participants with repeat CRF testing (n = 3,902), improvements in CRF and weight loss over 4-year follow-up was significantly associated with lower risk of HF [HR (95% CI) per 10% increase in CRF = 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99), per 10% decrease in BMI = 0.80 (0.69 to 0.94)]. Conclusion: Higher baseline CRF is independently associated with lower risk of HF, particularly HFpEF, among individuals with T2DM. Improvements in CRF and weight loss can significantly lower risk of HF in this high-risk population. However, the ILI implemented in the LookAHEAD trial did not modify the risk of HF among the study participants.

Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S Jahan ◽  
TR Das ◽  
KB Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method. Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157). Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Ivana Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

Disentangling the obesity paradox in upper gastrointestinal cancers: Weight loss matters more than body mass index

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 101912
Author(s):  
Shria Kumar ◽  
Nadim Mahmud ◽  
David S. Goldberg ◽  
Jashodeep Datta ◽  
David E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

scholarly journals Risk of Weight Loss in Adult Patients and the Effect of Staffing Registered Dietitians in Kaifukuki (Convalescent) Rehabilitation Wards: A Retrospective Analysis of a Nationwide Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Shinta Nishioka ◽  
Yoji Kokura ◽  
Takatsugu Okamoto ◽  
Masako Takayama ◽  
Ichiro Miyai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Nutrition Care ◽  
Class 1

There is scarce evidence regarding the risk of weight loss and the effect of having registered dietitians (RDs) on staff in rehabilitation wards on weight loss. We aimed to examine the effects of RDs in Kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation wards (KRWs) on the prevention of weight loss in adult patients. Data from 2-year nationwide annual surveys on KRWs in Japan were retrospectively analysed. Weight loss was defined as loss of ≥5% weight during the KRW stay. Risk of weight loss in class 1 KRWs (obligated to provide nutrition care) was compared with that in class 2–6 KRWs (not obligated). Risk of weight loss in class 2–6 KRWs with RDs was compared to those without. Overall, 17.7% of 39,417 patients lost weight. Class 1 KRWs showed a lower risk of weight loss than class 2–6 KRWs (17.3% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.003). KRWs with RDs showed a significantly lower incidence of weight loss than those without RDs (16.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.015). Class 1 KRWs and exclusively staffed RDs were independently associated with lower odds of weight loss (odds ratio = 0.915 and 0.810, respectively). Approximately 18% of KRW patients lost weight, and having RDs on staff can lower the risk of weight loss.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between the overhead press and split jerk maximum performance? Influence of sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110204
Author(s):  
Marcos A Soriano ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Francisco J Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Antonio Torres-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

The aims of this study were to (I) determine the differences and relationship between the overhead press and split jerk performance in athletes involved in weightlifting training, and (II) explore the magnitude of these differences in one-repetition maximum (1RM) performances between sexes. Sixty-one men (age: 30.4 ± 6.7 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.5 m; body mass 82.5 ± 8.5 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.7 ± 3.5 yrs) and 21 women (age: 29.5 ± 5.2 yrs; height: 1.7 ± 0.5 m; body mass: 62.6 ± 5.7 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.0 ± 1.5 yrs) participated. The 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk were assessed for all participants, with the overhead press assessed on two occasions to determine between-session reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals showed a high reliability for the overhead press ICC = 0.98 (0.97 – 0.99). A very strong correlation and significant differences were found between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances for all participants (r = 0.90 [0.93 – 0.85], 60.2 ± 18.3 kg, 95.7 ± 29.3 kg, p ≤ 0.001). Men demonstrated stronger correlations between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances (r = 0.83 [0.73-0.90], p ≤ 0.001) compared with women (r = 0.56 [0.17-0.80], p = 0.008). These results provide evidence that 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk performance are highly related, highlighting the importance of upper-limb strength in the split jerk maximum performance.

Enrolling Caregivers in Obesity Interventions to Improve Obesity-Related Outcomes in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110370
Author(s):  
Hannah Bessette ◽  
MinKyoung Song ◽  
Karen S. Lyons ◽  
Sydnee Stoyles ◽  
Christopher S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Weight Loss Programs ◽  
Obesity Interventions

In this study, we assessed the influences of change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/sedentary time (ST) of caregivers participating in a commercial weight-loss program on their children’s change in MVPA/ST. Data from 29 caregivers and their children were collected over 8 weeks. We used multivariable linear regression to assess associations of changes in caregiver’s percent of time spent in MVPA/ST and changes in their child’s percent of time spent in MVPA/ST. For caregivers that decreased body mass index (BMI) over 8 weeks, changes in caregivers’ MVPA was strongly associated with the change in children’s MVPA (β = 2.61 [95% CI: 0.45, 4.77]) compared to caregivers who maintained/increased BMI (β = 0.24 [–2.16, 2.64]). Changes in caregivers’ ST was strongly associated with changes in children’s ST (β = 2.42 [1.02, 3.81]) compared to caregivers who maintained/increased BMI (β = 0.35 [–0.45, 1.14]). Findings reinforce encouraging caregivers to enroll in weight-loss programs for the benefit of their children as well as for themselves.

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