scholarly journals Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson’s Disease: Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Erika Olsson ◽  
Liisa Byberg ◽  
Jonas Höijer ◽  
Lena Kilander ◽  
Susanna C. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Milk and fermented milk consumption has been linked to health and mortality but the association with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is uncertain. We conducted a study to investigate whether milk and fermented milk intakes are associated with incident PD. This cohort study included 81,915 Swedish adults (with a mean age of 62 years) who completed a questionnaire, including questions about milk and fermented milk (soured milk and yogurt) intake, in 1997. PD cases were identified through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a mean follow-up of 14.9 years, 1251 PD cases were identified in the cohort. Compared with no or low milk consumption (<40 mL/day), the hazard ratios of PD across quintiles of milk intake were 1.29 (95% CI 1.07, 1.56) for 40–159 mL/day, 1.19 (95% CI 0.99, 1.42) for 160–200 mL/day, 1.29 (95% CI 1.08, 1.53) for 201–400 mL/day, and 1.14 (95% CI 0.93, 1.40) for >400 mL/day. Fermented milk intake was not associated with PD. We found a weak association between milk intake and increased risk of PD but no dose–response relationship. Fermented milk intake was not associated with increased risk of PD.

scholarly journals Associations between concussion and risk of diagnosis of psychological and neurological disorders: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000390
Author(s):  
Marc P Morissette ◽  
Heather J Prior ◽  
Robert B Tate ◽  
John Wade ◽  
Jeff R S Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between concussion and the risk of follow-up diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood and anxiety disorders (MADs), dementia and Parkinson’s disease.DesignA retrospective population-based cohort study.SettingAdministrative health data for the Province of Manitoba between 1990–1991 and 2014–2015.ParticipantsA total of 47 483 individuals were diagnosed with a concussion using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9-CM: 850; ICD-10-CA: S06.0). All concussed subjects were matched with healthy controls at a 3:1 ratio based on age, sex and geographical location. Associations between concussion and conditions of interest diagnosed later in life were assessed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustments for socioeconomic status and pre-existing medical conditions.Results28 021 men (mean age ±SD, 25±18 years) and 19 462 women (30±21 years) were included in the concussion group, while 81 871 men (25±18 years) and 57 159 women (30±21 years) were included in the matched control group. Concussion was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.46, p<0.001) for ADHD, 1.72 (95% CI 1.69 to 1.76; p<0.001) for MADs, 1.72 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.84; p<0.001) for dementia and 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75; p<0.001) for Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionConcussion was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis for all four conditions of interest later in life.

scholarly journals Dairy Product Intake and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Northern Sweden: A 33-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingegerd Johansson ◽  
Anders Esberg ◽  
Lena M Nilsson ◽  
Jan-Håkan Jansson ◽  
Patrik Wennberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Dairy products are important constituents of most diets, and their association with adverse health outcomes remains a focus. We characterized dairy food intake and examined associations with the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke among 108,065 Swedish men and women. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in a population characterized by high milk tolerance. During a mean follow-up of 14.2 years, 11,641 first-time events occurred. Non-fermented milk intake decreased, whereas butter intake increased over the period. For high intake of non-fermented milk, the HR (95% CI) for developing T2D and MI was 1.17 (1.03, 1.34) and 1.23 (1.10, 1.37), respectively, in men. A greater intake of butter, fermented milk, and cheese tended to be associated with a reduced risk of T2D and/or MI. Non-consumers and those who chose low-fat variants of the targeted dairy products had increased risk for T2D, MI, or stroke compared to those in the non-case group. Generally, effect-sizes were small. This prospective study found that non-fermented milk was associated with an increased risk for developing T2D and MI and that subjects abstaining from dairy products or choosing low-fat variants were at greater risk. However, the overall cardiometabolic risk of non-fermented milk intake was judged as low, since the effect sizes were small.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Associations between Blood Pressure and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes in the Tromsø Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Hilde Espnes ◽  
Jocasta Ball ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this study was to explore sex-specific associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) subtypes, including paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF, in a general population. A total of 13,137 women and 11,667 men who participated in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study (1994–1995) were followed up for incident AF until the end of 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted using fractional polynomials for SBP to provide sex- and AF-subtype-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for SBP. An SBP of 120 mmHg was used as the reference. Models were adjusted for other cardiovascular risk factors. Over a mean follow-up of 17.6 ± 6.6 years, incident AF occurred in 914 (7.0%) women (501 with paroxysmal/persistent AF and 413 with permanent AF) and 1104 (9.5%) men (606 with paroxysmal/persistent AF and 498 with permanent AF). In women, an SBP of 180 mmHg was associated with an HR of 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–2.76) for paroxysmal/persistent AF and an HR of 1.80 (95% CI 1.33–2.44) for permanent AF. In men, an SBP of 180 mmHg was associated with an HR of 1.90 (95% CI 1.46–2.46) for paroxysmal/persistent AF, while there was no association with the risk of permanent AF. In conclusion, increasing SBP was associated with an increased risk of both paroxysmal/persistent AF and permanent AF in women, but only paroxysmal/persistent AF in men. Our findings highlight the importance of sex-specific risk stratification and optimizing blood pressure management for the prevention of AF subtypes in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Breast Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
In Young Choi ◽  
Sohyun Chun ◽  
Dong Wook Shin ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Keun Hye Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Screening Program ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective: To our knowledge, no studies have yet looked at how the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) varies with changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in MetS and subsequent BC occurrence. Research Design and Methods: We enrolled 930,055 postmenopausal women aged 40–74 years who participated in a biennial National Health Screening Program in 2009–2010 and 2011–2012. Participants were categorized into four groups according to change in MetS status during the two-year interval screening: sustained non-MetS, transition to MetS, transition to non-MetS, and sustained MetS. We calculated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC incidence using the Cox proportional hazards models. Results: At baseline, MetS was associated with a significantly increased risk of BC (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.17) and so were all of its components. The risk of BC increased as the number of the components increased (aHR 1.46, 95% CI 1.26–1.61 for women with all five components). Compared to the sustained non-MetS group, the aHR (95% CI) for BC was 1.11 (1.04–1.19) in the transition to MetS group, 1.05 (0.96–1.14) in the transition to non-MetS group, and 1.18 (1.12–1.25) in the sustained MetS group. Conclusions: Significantly increased BC risk was observed in the sustained MetS and transition to MetS groups. These findings are clinically meaningful in that efforts to recover from MetS may lead to reduced risk of BC.

Comorbidity between types of eating disorder and general medical conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Natalie C. Momen ◽  
Oleguer Plana-Ripoll ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
John J. McGrath ◽  
Laura M. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Comorbidity with general medical conditions is common in individuals with eating disorders. Many previous studies do not evaluate types of eating disorder. Aims To provide relative and absolute risks of bidirectional associations between (a) anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified and (b) 12 general medical conditions. Method We included all people born in Denmark between 1977 and 2010. We collected information on eating disorders and considered the risk of subsequent medical conditions, using Cox proportional hazards regression. Absolute risks were calculated using competing risks survival analyses. We also considered risks for prior medical conditions and subsequent eating disorders. Results An increased risk was seen for almost all disorder pairs (69 of 70). Hazard ratios for those with a prior eating disorder receiving a subsequent diagnosis of a medical condition ranged from 0.94 (95% CI 0.57−1.55) to 2.05 (95% CI 1.86−2.27). For those with a prior medical condition, hazard ratios for later eating disorders ranged from 1.35 (95% CI 1.26–1.45) to 1.98 (95% CI 1.71–2.28). Absolute risks for most later disorders were increased for persons with prior disorders, compared with reference groups. Conclusions This is the largest and most detailed examination of eating disorder–medical condition comorbidity. The findings indicate that medical condition comorbidity is increased among those with eating disorders and vice versa. Although there was some variation in comorbidity observed across eating disorder types, magnitudes of relative risks did not differ greatly.

scholarly journals Supper Timing and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
Jingyun Tang ◽  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Ehab S. Eshak ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Kokoro Shirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Participants

Evidence on the role of supper timing in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. In this study, we examined the associations between supper timing and risks of mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total CVD. A total of 28,625 males and 43,213 females, aged 40 to 79 years, free from CVD and cancers at baseline were involved in this study. Participants were divided into three groups: the early supper group (before 8:00 p.m.), the irregular supper group (time irregular), and the late supper group (after 8:00 p.m.). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke, CHD, and total CVD according to the supper time groups. During the 19-year follow-up, we identified 4706 deaths from total CVD. Compared with the early supper group, the multivariable HR of hemorrhagic stroke mortality for the irregular supper group was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.97). There was no significant association between supper timing and the risk of mortality from other types of stroke, CHD, and CVD. We found that adopting an irregular supper timing compared with having dinner before 8:00 p.m. was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke mortality.

scholarly journals Relationship of lycopene intake and consumption of tomato products to incident CVD

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Jacques ◽  
Asya Lyass ◽  
Joseph M. Massaro ◽  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
Ralph B. D'Agostino Sr
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Evidence for cardioprotective effects of lycopene is inconsistent. Studies of circulating lycopene generally report inverse associations with CVD risk, but studies based on lycopene intake do not. The failure of dietary studies to support the findings based on biomarkers may be due in part to misclassification of lycopene intakes. To address this potential misclassification, we used repeated measures of intake obtained over 10 years to characterise the relationship between lycopene intake and the incidence of CVD (n314), CHD (n171) and stroke (n99) in the Framingham Offspring Study. Hazard ratios (HR) for incident outcomes were derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models using logarithmically transformed lycopene intake adjusted for CVD risk factors and correlates of lycopene intake. HR were interpreted as the increased risk for a 2·7-fold difference in lycopene intake, a difference approximately equal to its interquartile range. Using an average of three intake measures with a 9-year follow-up, lycopene intake was inversely associated with CVD incidence (HR 0·83, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·98). Using an average of two intake measures and 11 years of follow-up, lycopene intake was inversely associated with CHD incidence (HR 0·74, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·94). Lycopene intake was unrelated to stroke incidence. The present study of lycopene intake and CVD provides supporting evidence for an inverse association between lycopene and CVD risk; however, additional research is needed to determine whether lycopene or other components of tomatoes, the major dietary source of lycopene, are responsible for the observed association.

scholarly journals Association between Serum Interleukin-6 Concentration and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfang Su ◽  
Zhongxia Li ◽  
Xinrui Li ◽  
Yuming Chen ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Objectives. To evaluate whether serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with increased risk of mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.Methods. We performed a prospective cohort study of 718 CAD patients from the Guangzhou Cardiovascular Disease Cohort (GCDC) study. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the association between serum IL-6 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Results. During the 1663 person-years of followup, the cumulative all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 6.5% (n=47) and 3.3% (n=24), respectively. The mean length of followup was2.32±0.81years. In the multivariable analyses, a one-SD increment in log-transformed serum IL-6 was positively associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with hazard ratios (HR) of 2.93 (95% CI, 2.11–4.08) and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.34–3.68) within the patients combined and 2.98 (95% CI, 2.12–4.18) and 3.10 (95% CI, 1.98–4.85) within males, respectively. Patients in the highest serum IL-6 tertile versus the lowest tertile were at higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with HR of 17.12 (95% CI 3.11–71.76) and 8.68 (95% CI, 1.88–37.51), respectively.Conclusions. In hospitalized patients with CAD, serum IL-6 is significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

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