scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Apparent Energy and Macronutrient Intakes in the Diet in Bangladesh: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of the FAO’s Food Balance Sheet Data from 1961 to 2017

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan ◽  
Jennifer Saulam ◽  
Kanae Kanda ◽  
Akitsu Murakami ◽  
Yusuke Yamadori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Food Balance Sheet ◽  
The 1960S

We analyzed the temporal trends and significant changes in apparent energy and macronutrient intakes in the Bangladeshi diet from 1961 to 2017. Due to the lack of a long-running national dietary intake dataset, this study used the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)’s old and new food balance sheet dataset. We used the joinpoint regression model and jump model to analyze the temporal trends in apparent energy and macronutrient intakes. The annual percentage change (APC) was computed for each segment of the trends. Bangladesh has experienced a late energy revolution in their dietary history. During the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Bangladesh was suffering from substantive calorie deficits, where in apparent energy intake was less than 2200 kcal/day/person. Since the late 1990s, Bangladesh has made significant progress in raising the apparent energy consumption in the diet. Since the late 1970s, apparent fat intake started to increase significantly at a marked rate (APC = 2.16), whereas since the early 1990s, protein intake increased significantly by 1.33% per year. Plant sources have mostly governed the protein and fat intake trends in the Bangladeshi diet since 1960, whereas animal sources began to contribute significantly in protein intake since 1990 (APC = 3.43) and in fat intake since 2000 (APC = 2.88). Bangladesh overcame the substantive calorie deficit condition in the diet from the late 1990s. Excessive carbohydrate intake along with imbalanced and low-quality protein and fat intakes have been the central features in the diet in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Apparent Food Consumption in Bangladesh: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of FAO’s Food Balance Sheet Data from 1961 to 2013

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan ◽  
Jennifer Saulam ◽  
Kanae Kanda ◽  
Tomohiro Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis

We analyzed the temporal trends and significant changes in apparent food consumption or availabilityin Bangladesh from 1961 to 2013. Due to the lack of a long-term national dietary intake dataset, this study used data derived from the FAO’s food balance sheets. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in the temporal trends. The annual percent change (APC) was computed for each segment of the trends. Apparent intake of starchy roots, eggs, fish, vegetables, milk, and vegetable oils significantly has increased (p < 0.05) in the Bangladeshi diet since 1961; whereas cereals changed by merely 4.65%. Bangladesh has been experiencing three structural changes in their dietary history after the Liberation War, though the intake level has been grossly inadequate. Initially, since the late-1970s, apparent vegetable oils intake increased at a market rate (APC = 7.53). Subsequently, since the early-1990s, the real force behind the structural change in the diet has been the increasing trends in the apparent intake of fish (APC = 5.05), eggs (APC = 4.65), and meat (APC = 1.54). Lastly, since the early 2000s, apparent intakes of fruits (APC = 20.44), vegetables (APC = 10.58), and milk (APC = 3.55) increased significantly (p <0.05). This study result reveals and quantifies the significant secular changes in the dietary history of Bangladesh from 1961 to 2013. Bangladesh has experienced inadequate but significant structural changes in the diet in the late-1970s, early-1990s, and early-2000s. Overabundance of cereals and inadequate structural changes in the diet may have caused the increasing prevalence of overweightness and emergence of diet-related, non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Perda de Solo no Alto Curso das Bacias Hidrográficas dos Ribeirões Taquaruçu Grande e Taquaruçuzinho, Palmas (TO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Marcelo Divino Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
João Batista Pereira Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

A aplicação de modelos matemáticos na análise da perda de solo em bacias hidrográficas ganhou atenção, nos anos de 1960 e 1970, a partir da análise integrada da paisagem. Nesse contexto, a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) se destaca como um dos modelos mais utilizados mundialmente no conhecimento dos processos erosivos e no planejamento ambiental. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo estimar as perdas de solos nas bacias hidrográficas dos córregos Macacão e Mutum, localizadas no município de Palmas (TO). Os resultados demonstram que as áreas estudadas sofreram com um alto poder de erosividade (R) ao longo dos anos 1995 a 2019, com valores entre 12,188 a 12,319 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1. Quanto ao solo, o Neossolo Litólico Distrófico (RLD) apresenta o maior valor de erodibilidade (K), 0,049 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1.No que tange ao fator topográfico (LS), cerca de 80% das áreas das bacias mostram valores de LS considerados baixos, situados entre 0,029 a 1,86, e 1,86 a 4,30. Já para o fator relacionado ao uso e manejo do solo e às práticas conservacionistas (CP), as áreas mais suscetíveis ao processo erosional diz respeito às classes de pastagem e queimadas. Desta forma, observa-se que as classes de erosão hídrica nas bacias são consideradas moderada, grave e muito grave pelo estudo da Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) de 1984, ainda que represente somente 19% da área da bacia do Macacão e 24% da bacia do Córrego Mutum.  Loss of soil in the high course of hydrographic basins of ribeirões Taquaruçu Grande and Taquaruçuzinho, Palmas (TO) A B S T R A C TThe application of mathematical models in the analysis of soil loss in watersheds gained attention in the 1960s and 1970s from the integrated analysis of the landscape. In this context, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) stood out as one of the most used models worldwide in the knowledge of erosion processes and in environmental planning. Therefore, this study aims to estimate soil losses in the hydrographic basins of the Macacão and Mutum streams, located in the municipality of Palmas (TO). The results demonstrate that the studied areas suffered from a high power of erosivity (R) over the years 1995 to 2019, with values between 12.188 to 12.319 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1. As for the soil, the Neosol Litolic Dystrophic (RLD) has the highest erodibility value (K), 0.049 t/ha MJ-1 mm-1. Regarding the topographic factor (LS), about 80% of the basin areas show LS values considered low, situated between 0.029 to 1.86, and 1.86 to 4.30. As for the factor related to the use and management of soil and conservation practices (CP), the areas most susceptible to the erosion process concern the grazing and burning classes. Thus, it is observed that the classes of water erosion in the basins are considered moderate, severe and very severe by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) study of 1984, although it represents only 19% of the area of the Macacão basin and 24% of the Mutum Stream basin.Keywords: Water erosion. Hydrographic basin. USLE. 

scholarly journals The diet quality index evaluates the adequacy of energy provided by dietary macronutrients

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline MENDES ◽  
Larissa GAVIOLI ◽  
Ágatha Nogueira PREVIDELLI ◽  
Regina Mara FISBERG ◽  
Dirce Maria Lobo MARCHIONI
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Index Score ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Objective To investigate the relationship between macronutrient intake adequacy and the national diet quality index score. Methods The study analyzed a representative sample of 1,662 individuals from the municipality of São Paulo who participated in a cross-sectional study called Health Survey-Capital (2008/2009). Two 24-hour recalls were collected. Habitual intake was determined by the Multiple Source Method. The Brazilian index was calculated as suggested, and macronutrient adequacy was given by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations. A generalized linear model verified the relationship between the Brazilian index and macronutrient adequacy. All analyses with a descriptive level below 0.05 were considered significant. The analyses were performed by the software Stata 12.0, survey mode. Results The vast majority (91%) of the population had inappropriate macronutrient intakes, and the total median Brazilian index score was 61.3 points (interquartile range=10.1). The total Brazilian index score of individuals with high lipid intake was worse than that of individuals with proper lipid intake (β=0,96; p=0,004), while those with high protein intake had a better score (β=1,10; p=0,003) than those with proper protein intake. Conclusion The revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index assesses diet quality properly regarding high lipid intake, but it has some limitations regarding high protein intake according to the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations. New studies should investigate the possibility of adapting this index to the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations.

scholarly journals The Dynamics and Temporal Trends of Energy and Macronutrients Intake in the Diet in Japan: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of the National Nutrition Survey Data from 1946 to 2015 (P18-054-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan ◽  
Jennifer Saulam ◽  
Kanae Kanda ◽  
Tomohiro Hirao
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
World War ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Japanese Diet

Abstract Objectives Due to the long life expectancy and lower incidence and mortality from coronary artery disease, the world is now focusing on the Japanese diet boom. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends and significant changes in energy and macronutrient intakes in the Japanese diet from 1946 to 2015. Methods Energy and macronutrient intakes data were obtained from the National Nutrition Survey in Japan (J-NNS), an annual nationwide survey on nutrition and diet of Japanese people. We used joinpoint regression analysis to investigate significant changes in trends. The annual percentage change (APC) was computed for each period in the trends. Results We had extracted five significant phases of energy intake changes in the dietary history of Japan after World War II from 1946 to 2015. The first extracted phase, a rapid recovery phase, was extended from 1946 to 1949 after World War II (APC = 3.05). After this phase, a stagnation phase of energy intake was persisting from 1949 to 1962 (APC = 0.04) and was followed by a rapid increasing phase from 1962 to 1969. Among all the phases the extended phase was, a long declining phase, persisted from 1969 to 2011 (APC = −0.51). Carbohydrate intake in the Japanese diet showed a significant and stable downward trend from 1949 to 2015 including a very sharp decline in the 1970 s (APC = −2.02). Unlike carbohydrate, fat intake increased significantly from 1946 to 1960 (APC = 4.36) and then at a marked rate (APC = 6.33) until 1973 and thereafter it was almost leveled off. The trends of protein intake showed an inverted boat pattern. Moreover, protein intake from animal sources increased markedly until 1995 with a very sharp increase from 1946 to 1952 (APC = 11.86). Conclusions From the 1950 s the carbohydrate intake decreased in the Japanese diet. Fat and animal protein intake increased until the first half of the 1970 s and the second half of the 1990 s, respectively; afterwards, they started to decrease. During the 1960 s there was a healthier shift in the structure of the Japanese diet which is similar in characteristics of behavioral change in the nutrition transition. Funding Sources There were no funding sources for this study.

scholarly journals Trends in fertilizer consumption in Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Mario J. Barragán-Arce ◽  
Gilberto Lozada-Ramírez ◽  
Raúl Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Minor

Modern agriculture must strive to maximize yields, crop quality, and profit in the most sustainable manner. The rational use of fertilizer is one of the most influential factors affecting these traits. In this paper, we examine trends in fertilizer consumption on global, regional and local scales and describe the possible reasons for the trends in fertilizer consumption in Puerto Rico. World fertilizer consumption has more than quadrupled since the 1960s. Fertilizer consumption in most regions is either stable or increasing, with the biggest increase occurring in Asia. In contrast, the annual rate of fertilizer consumption in Puerto Rico was -2,740 t/yr, for the period between 1990 and 2006. Fertilizer consumption rates (in kg/ha) in Puerto Rico lag behind those of other countries in Latin America and elsewhere. The decrease in annual fertilizer consumption is primarily related to reductions in agricultural land- area (as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO), and to a minor extent, to lower fertilizer rate applications. The latter suggests that most farmers are not fertilizing to maximize yields.

Efficiency and Resource Implications of Food Losses and Waste in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110204
Author(s):  
Emerta Aragie
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
United Nations Food

Reducing the huge level of food losses and waste is arguably one of the sustainable ways of closing the food requirement gap in developing countries. Examining selected sub-Saharan Africa countries and utilizing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ Food Balance Sheet data, this study suggests that these countries lose over 29% (58.8 million tons) of the primary equivalent component of food. Exploiting the rich data on water and land footprints of food commodities, this study also identified considerable losses in resources – 21% of total water use and 15% of cropland use – associated with the food supply chain losses, with noticeable implications for agricultural sustainability.

Food waste and dynamic complex systems: The case of Peru and a solution model proposal Part 1: Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Almenara
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Revenue Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Solution Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
The United Nations

[THE MANUSCRIPT IS A DRAFT] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2020), food waste and losses comprises nearly 1.3 billion tonnes every year, which equates to around US$ 990 billion worldwide. Ironically, over 820 million people do not have enough food to eat (FAO, 2020). This gap production-consumption puts in evidence the need to reformulate certain practices such as the controversial monocropping (i.e., growing a single crop on the same land on a yearly basis), as well as to improve others such as revenue management through intelligent systems. In this first part of a series of articles, the focus is on the Peruvian anchoveta fish (Engraulis ringens).

To the Empire and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second World

This chapter traces the expansion of industrial agricultural methods after the Second World War. Western governments and the Food and Agriculture Organization pushed for increased use of chemical fertilizers to aid development and resist Soviet encroachment. Meanwhile small groups of organic farmers and gardeners adopted Howard’s methods in the Anglo-sphere and elsewhere in the world. European movements paralleled these efforts and absorbed the basic principles of the Indore Method. British parliament debated the merits of organic farming, but Howard failed to persuade the government to adopt his policies. Southern Rhodesia, however, did implement his ideas in law. Desiccation theory aided his attempts in South Africa and elsewhere, and Louise Howard, after Albert’s death, kept alive a wide network of activists with her publications.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of protein and fat of 12- to 36-month-old children in a Dutch Total Diet Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemieke Maria Pustjens ◽  
Jacqueline Jozefine Maria Castenmiller ◽  
Jan Dirk te Biesebeek ◽  
Polly Ester Boon
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Total Diet Study ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Diet Study

Abstract Purpose This study attempted gaining insight into the intake of protein and fat of 12- to 36-month-old children in the Netherlands. Methods In 2017, a Total Diet Study (TDS) was carried out in the Netherlands including following three age groups: 12–17-, 18–23- and 24- to 36-month-old children. Protein and fat concentrations of 164 composite samples were analysed and combined with the consumption data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012–2016 (DNFCS). Results Median protein intake of the 12- to 35-month-old Dutch children based on the TDS was 35 g/day with main contributions from the food subgroups “milk and milk-based beverages”, “beef” and “yoghurts and desserts”. Median fat intake was 34 g/day with main contributions from the food subgroups “margarines”, “cheeses” and “milk and milk-based beverages”. For the youngest age group (12- to 18-month-old children), (ready to drink) follow-on formula was one of the main contributors to the fat intake. Conclusion Compared to the EFSA reference values, protein intake of the Dutch 12- to 36-month-old children is high, whereas fat intake follows the reference intake. A TDS is a suitable instrument to estimate macronutrient intakes.

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