scholarly journals Insight into the Possible Use of the Predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as a Probiotic

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bonfiglio ◽  
Bruna Neroni ◽  
Giulia Radocchia ◽  
Massimiliano Marazzato ◽  
Fabrizio Pantanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
State Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota is a complex microbial ecosystem that coexists with the human organism in the intestinal tract. The members of this ecosystem live together in a balance between them and the host, contributing to its healthy state. Stress, aging, and antibiotic therapies are the principal factors affecting the gut microbiota composition, breaking the mutualistic relationship among microbes and resulting in the overgrowth of potential pathogens. This condition, called dysbiosis, has been linked to several chronic pathologies. In this review, we propose the use of the predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as a possible probiotic to prevent or counteract dysbiotic outcomes and look at the findings of previous research.

Microbiota intestinal: aliada fundamental del organismo humano. Gut microbiota: our fundamental allied

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Raúl Garza-Velasco ◽  
Sylvia Patricia Garza-Manero ◽  
Luis Manuel Perea-Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Síndrome Metabólico ◽  
Peristaltic Movement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>La microbiota intestinal desempeña relevantes funciones mediante las cuales contribuye directa o indirectamente a la estabilidad del organismo humano; actualmente su papel es incuestionable en la modulación del sistema inmune, la regulación del sistema nervioso, la síntesis de vitaminas, la defensa del intestino y el movimiento peristáltico.</p><p>Las nuevas herramientas de la biología molecular han sido determinantes para la revelación de los sorprendentes hallazgos publicados en los últimos lustros, los cuales han dado origen a términos y frases tales como “psicobióticos”, “un órgano adicional del humano”, “el segundo cerebro” y “el eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro”.</p><p>Por otra parte, el desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal se traduce en la generación o agravamiento de diversas enfermedades crónicas, entre las que destacan la obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino, síndrome metabólico, depresión, ansiedad.</p><p>De aquí que la comunidad científica se encuentre trabajando intensamente en el conocimiento de su composición y en el impacto de la proporción o ausencia de las principales especies en el funcionamiento global de la microbiota intestinal y, consecuentemente, del organismo humano.</p><p>La presente revisión contribuye a la actualización del tema “Microbiota Habitual” que se imparte en las carreras de Química Farmacéutico Biólogo, Química de Alimentos y carreras afines.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The gut microbiota plays relevant functions in the human organism, contributing directly or indirectly to its homeostasis. To name a few, it participates in the immune and the nervous system modulation, the vitamins synthesis, the gut defence and the peristaltic movement.</p><p>Novel molecular biology techniques have been determinant to reveal amazing findings in recent years, and now the authors use terms and phrases such as “psychobiotics”, “an additional human tissue”, “the second brain”, and “the microbiota-gut-brain axis”, when referring to the gut microbiota functions.</p><p>In contrast, misregulation of gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenicity of chronical diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gut inflammatory disease, depression and anxiety, among others. Therefore, it is important to investigate the gut microbiota composition and the individual contribution of each specie to the gut microbiota function, and subsequently, to the human organism physiology.</p><p>This review article summarizes recent contributions in the field, suitable when teaching the theme of “Habitual Microbiota” in the Biological Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Food Chemistry, and related bachelor degrees.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic determinants of gut microbiota composition and bile acid profiles in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H. Kemis ◽  
Vanessa Linke ◽  
Kelsey L. Barrett ◽  
Frederick J. Boehm ◽  
Lindsay L. Traeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Validation Experiments

AbstractThe microbial communities that inhabit the distal gut of humans and other mammals exhibit large inter-individual variation. While host genetics is a known factor that influences gut microbiota composition, the mechanisms underlying this variation remain largely unknown. Bile acids (BAs) are hormones that are produced by the host and chemically modified by gut bacteria. BAs serve as environmental cues and nutrients to microbes, but they can also have antibacterial effects. We hypothesized that host genetic variation in BA metabolism and homeostasis influence gut microbiota composition. To address this, we used the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock, a population of genetically distinct mice derived from eight founder strains. We characterized the fecal microbiota composition and plasma and cecal BA profiles from 400 DO mice maintained on a high-fat high-sucrose diet for ∼22 weeks. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, we identified several genomic regions associated with variations in both bacterial and BA profiles. Notably, we found overlapping QTL forTuricibacter sp.and plasma cholic acid, which mapped to a locus containing the gene for the ileal bile acid transporter,Slc10a2. Mediation analysis and subsequent follow-up validation experiments suggest that differences inSlc10a2gene expression associated with the different strains influences levels of both traits and revealed novel interactions betweenTuricibacterand BAs. This work illustrates how systems genetics can be utilized to generate testable hypotheses and provide insight into host-microbe interactions.Author summaryInter-individual variation in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can in part be attributed to host genetics. However, the specific genes and genetic variants underlying differences in the microbiota remain largely unknown. To address this, we profiled the fecal microbiota composition of 400 genetically distinct mice, for which genotypic data is available. We identified many loci of the mouse genome associated with changes in abundance of bacterial taxa. One of these loci is also associated with changes in the abundance of plasma bile acids—metabolites generated by the host that influence both microbiota composition and host physiology. Follow up validation experiments provide mechanistic insights linking host genetic differences, with changes in ileum gene expression, bile acid-bacteria interactions and bile acid homeostasis. Together, this work demonstrates how genetic approaches can be used to generate testable hypothesis to yield novel insight into how host genetics shape gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Effects of 2,2-dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), an emerging disinfection by-product in drinking water, on the intestinal microbiota of adult zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xue ◽  
Chenyu Li ◽  
Shang Wang ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Kun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
By Products ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract The presence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) increases the mutagenicity of water and may pose adverse health effects. Gut microbiota exerts a fundamental role on host physiology, and how extrinsic perturbations influence its composition has been increasingly examined. However, the effect of DBPs on gut microbiota is still poorly understood. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm, an emerging nitrogenous DBP) for 30 days. Sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed a significant change in the richness and diversity of microbiota in the gut of DCAcAm-exposed zebrafish. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased and the abundance of Fusobacteria and Firmicutes increased significantly in the gut after exposure to 100 and 500 μg/L DCAcAm. At the genus level, the abundances of several bacteria which are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens in fish and closely related to fish metabolism, disease and inflammation (Aeromonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bacteroides and Ralstonia) increased in the DCAcAm-treated groups. Our results reveal that DBPs in drinking water potentially affect gut microbiota composition, which may contribute to the toxicity assessment of DBPs in future and provide new insight into the complex interactions between the DBPs in drinking water and host health.

scholarly journals Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders?

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Koudoufio ◽  
Yves Desjardins ◽  
Francis Feldman ◽  
Schohraya Spahis ◽  
Edgard Delvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Insight Into

Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.

Intestinal microbiome as a predictor of the anti-PD-1 therapy success: metagenomic data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-507
Author(s):  
D.E. Fedorov ◽  
E.I. Olekhnovich ◽  
A.V. Pavlenko ◽  
K.M. Klimina ◽  
I.A. Pokataev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Therapy Success ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has a large impact on cancer treatment but the rate of positive treatment outcomes is 40-45% and depends on many factors. One of the factors affecting the outcome of immunotherapy is the gut microbiota composition. This effect has been demonstrated both in model objects and in clinical patients groups. However, in order to identify clear causal relationships between microbiota and anti-PD1 immunotherapy response, it is necessary to expand the number of patients and experimental samples. This work presents an analysis of metagenomic data obtained using whole-genome sequencing of stool samples from melanoma patients (n=45) with different responses to anti-PD1 therapy. The analysis of the differential representation of microbial species has shown a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the experimental groups. Results of this study indicate existence of a strong link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the outcome of anti-PD1 therapy. Expansion of similar research may help develop additional predictive tools for the outcome of anti-PD1 cancer immunotherapy, as well as increase its effectiveness.

scholarly journals DIETARY FACTORS AFFECTING FIRMICUTES AND BACTEROIDETES RATIO IN SOLVING OBESITY PROBLEM: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deandra Ardya Sutoyo ◽  
Dominikus Raditya Atmaka ◽  
Lisandra Maria G. B. Sidabutar
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Obesity is caused by several factors. Gut microbiota composition is known to be one of the factors to play a role in modulating the obesity process. Nutrient factors and bioactive compounds from food can infl uence and help in modifying the gut microbiota composition, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The purpose of this article is to discuss how signifi cant the role of nutrients and other bioactive compounds on Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio in solving the obesity problem. This article was compiled based on the literature search in the last ten years, related to nutrients and bioactive compounds infl uence Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in obesity. The results from several literature searches provided evidence that alteration in gut microbiota composition was linked to the increase of body weight through metabolic pathways, which was characterized by the increasing number of Firmicutes, the decreased number of Bacteroidetes, and an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The increasing number of Firmicutes could induce short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and lead to more energy harvesting. Several dietary factors from fi ber and amino acid, as well as bioactive compounds from an organic acid and polyphenol compounds, could infl uence the gut microbiota composition by reducing the Firmicutes level and increasing Bacteroidetes. The gut microbiota composition, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, could be induced by modifying diet enriched with fi ber, polyphenol compounds, and other specifi ed nutrients

scholarly journals Challenge of bacteriophage application to improve food safety and its administration into the human gut: an article review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Qori Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Ensuring microbial food safety has always been a challenge at every stages along the food chain. Meanwhile, healthier community lifestyle demands natural antimicrobial agents to alleviate the increasing use of chemical preservatives to address microbial contamination. Antimicrobial resistance issue has also elevated the effort to search for an alternative way to antibiotics. Bacteriophage (phage) is currently being assessed for its potency as biocontrol agent to enhance food safety and as a tool for therapeutic purpose. Prior to phage application, safety assessment must be conducted in which includes several considerations: from the discovery, toxicological aspects to the impact of phage ingestion on the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota which consist of variety of microorganisms inside the human gastrointestinal tract, cohabitate to each other. Phage is naturally present as one of microorganisms in the human gut and dynamically interacted with other microbial communities. Phage application to foods and food-contact surfaces may leave a residue and cause the phages to be ingested, which in result may alter the gut microbiota composition. Many findings have examined the relationship between gut microbiota and human health, and so is the factors affecting their modulation. This review aimed to discuss several points of view from published research papers related to the challenge of phage administration into the human gut.

The Gut Microbiota of Rats under Experimental Osteoarthritis and Administration of Chondroitin Sulfate and Probiotic

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
O.H. Korotkyi ◽  
◽  
T.V. Luhovska ◽  
T.M. Serhiychuk ◽  
K.O. Dvorshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Osteoarthritis Progression ◽  
Experimental Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Osteoarthritis is a most widespread chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, cartilage deformation, and joint inflammation. Adverse alterations of intestinal microbiota like dysbiosis may lead to metabolic syndrome and inflammation, two important components of osteoarthritis progression. Aim. In this study we investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate and probiotics on the gut microbiome in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis model in rats. Methods. The species and quantitative composition of feces were determined using diagnostic media with selective properties. Further identification of isolated microorganisms was carried out according to morphological, tinctorial, physiological and metabolic parameters. The results are presented in the form of lg CFU/g. Results. Induction of osteoarthritis caused significant increasing the number of opportunistic enterobacteria and lactose-negative Escherichia coli against the decreasing of lacto- and bifidobacteria that may indicate a dysbiotic condition. Coadministration of chondroitin sulfate and probiotic bacteria has led to improvement the quantitative composition of the gut microbiota in experimental animals, the numerous of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus were increasing against decreasing the quantitative composition of opportunistic microorganisms. Conclusions. Monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis caused dysbiosis of gut in rat. We observed beneficial effect of combined administration of chondroitin sulfate and probiotics on gut microbiota composition in rats with experimental osteoarthritis. Thus, adding of supplements like probiotics to standard treatment of osteoarthritis may have potentials to prevent and treat this disease.

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