scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro F. San Juan ◽  
Raul Dominguez ◽  
Ángel Lago-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan José Montoya ◽  
Rachel Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repetitions To Failure ◽  
Weightlifting Exercise

Dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has been evidenced to induce an ergogenic effect in endurance and sprint-type exercise, which may be underpinned by enhanced muscle contractility and perfusion, particularly in type II muscle fibers. However, limited data are available to evaluate the ergogenic potential of NO3− supplementation during other exercise modalities that mandate type II fiber recruitment, such as weightlifting exercise (i.e., resistance exercise). In this systematic review, we examine the existing evidence basis for NO3− supplementation to improve muscular power, velocity of contraction, and muscular endurance during weightlifting exercise in healthy adults. We also discuss the potential mechanistic bases for any positive effects of NO3− supplementation on resistance exercise performance. Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and SPORT Discus databases were searched for articles using the keywords: nitrate or beetroot and supplement or nut*r or diet and strength or “resistance exercise” or “resistance training” or “muscular power”. Four articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Two of the four studies indicated that NO3− supplementation could increase aspects of upper body weightlifting exercise (i.e., bench press) performance (increases in mean power/velocity of contraction/number of repetitions to failure), whereas another study observed an increase in the number of repetitions to failure during lower limb weightlifting exercise (i.e., back squat). Although these preliminary observations are encouraging, further research is required for the ergogenic potential of NO3− supplementation on weightlifting exercise performance to be determined.

scholarly journals Ischemia-Reperfusion Intervention: From Enhancements in Exercise Performance to Accelerates Performance Recovery - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhaí André Arriel ◽  
Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Hiago Leandro Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Anderson Meireles ◽  
Luís Filipi Moutinho Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Conditioning ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Performance Recovery

It has been demonstrated that brief cycles of ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) applied before exercise can improve performance and, IR intervention, applied immediately after exercise (post-exercise ischemic conditioning – PEIC) exerts a potential ergogenic effect to accelerate recovery. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to identify the effects of PEIC on exercise performance, recovery and the responses of associated physiological parameters, such as creatine kinase, perceived recovery and muscle soreness, over 24 h after its application. From 3281 studies, six involving 106 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared to sham (cuff administration with low pressure) and control interventions (no cuff administration), PEIC led to faster performance recovery (p=0.004; ES=-0.49) and lower increase in creatine kinase (p<0.001; ES=-0.71) and muscle soreness (p<0.001; ES=-0.89) over 24 h. The effectiveness of this intervention is more pronounced in subjects with low/moderate fitness level and at least a total time of 10 min of ischemia (e.g. 2 cycles of 5 min) is necessary to promote positive effects.

Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Upper Body Resistance Exercise Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ben M. Krings ◽  
Brandon D. Shepherd ◽  
Hunter S. Waldman ◽  
Matthew J. McAllister ◽  
JohnEric W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Repetitions To Failure

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to enhance aerobic exercise performance, but there is limited research with resistance exercise (RE). Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing during a high-volume upper body RE protocol on performance, heart rate responses, ratings of perceived exertion, and felt arousal. Recreationally experienced resistance-trained males (N = 17, age: 21 ± 1 years, height: 177.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass: 83.5 ± 9.3 kg) completed three experimental sessions, with the first serving as familiarization to the RE protocol. During the final two trials, the participants rinsed a 25-ml solution containing either a 6% carbohydrate solution or an artificially flavored placebo in a randomized, counterbalanced, and double-blinded fashion. The participants rinsed a total of nine times immediately before beginning the protocol and 20 s before repetitions to failure with the exercises bench press, bent-over row, incline bench press, close-grip row, hammer curls, skull crushers (all completed at 70% one-repetition maximum), push-ups, and pull-ups. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and felt arousal were measured at the baseline and immediately after each set of repetitions to failure. There were no differences for the total repetitions completed (carbohydrate = 203 ± 25 repetitions vs. placebo = 201 ± 23 repetitions, p = .46, Cohen’s d = 0.10). No treatment differences were observed for heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or felt arousal (p > .05). Although carbohydrate mouth rinsing has been shown to be effective in increasing aerobic performance, the results from this investigation show no benefit in RE performance in resistance-trained males.

scholarly journals The effects of meditation on length of telomeres in healthy individuals: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirodhi Namika Dasanayaka ◽  
Nirmala Sirisena ◽  
Nilakshi Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Background: Meditation based practices have been suggested to result in many biological benefits which include reduction of attrition of telomeres, the protective nucleotide-protein complexes at termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. This systematic review evaluated the effects of meditation on telomere length (TL) in healthy adults. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Case-control studies (CCS) conducted to determine the effects of meditation on TL in healthy individuals, published up to July 2020 were retrieved by searching seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Google Scholar). The methodological quality of RCTs and CCS was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist respectively. The data was synthesized narratively and the effect estimates of telomere length in the RCTs was synthesized using alternative methods as a meta-analysis was not conducted. The certainty of evidence was classified according to the GRADE system. Results: A total of 1751 articles were screened. Five studies comprising two RCTs and three CCS were included in the final review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The combined sample consisted of 615 participants with 41.7% males. Average age of participants was 47.7 years. One CCS and one RCT reported significant beneficial effects of meditation on TL while the two remaining CCS and the RCT showed positive effects of meditation on TL which were not significant. For all CCS and one RCT, the methodological quality was high while the remaining RCT was of moderate quality. The quality of evidence for the primary outcome was moderate in RCTs.Conclusion: The present review adds to the existing evidence showing that meditation is potentially beneficial in reducing shortening of TL in healthy adults. However, strictly designed and well-reported RCTs with larger sample sizes are required to provide evidence of higher quality. Systematic Review Registration: The protocol of this review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (registration number: CRD42020153977)

scholarly journals Capsaicinoid and Capsinoids as an Ergogenic Aid: A Systematic Review and the Potential Mechanisms Involved

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vilton E.L. de Moura e Silva ◽  
Jason M. Cholewa ◽  
François Billaut ◽  
Ralf Jäger ◽  
Marcelo C. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Natural Substances

Context: Capsaicinoids and capsinoids (CAP) are natural substances found primarily in chili peppers and other spicy foods that agonize the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Several studies have shown CAP to be a potential antiobesity agent and to exhibit an analgesic effect in both rodents and humans. However, there is no scientific consensus about the effects of CAP on physical exercise performance and its physiological mechanisms of action. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to better elucidate the effects of CAP compounds as ergogenic aids and to discuss underlying mechanisms of action by which this supplement may potentially enhance endurance performance and muscular strength. Conclusions: Among 22 studies included in the review, 14 examined the effects of capsaicinoid or capsinoid compounds on endurance and resistance exercise performance in animals, with 9 studies showing benefits on performance. In humans, 8 studies were included: 3 demonstrated significant acute endurance benefits and 2 showed acute resistance exercise performance benefits compared with a placebo condition. Therefore, while more mechanistic studies are necessary to confirm these outcomes in humans, the available scientific literature appears to suggest that these compounds could be considered an effective nutritional strategy to improve exercise performance.

scholarly journals Efectos de la suplementación con zumo de remolacha sobre la respuesta neuromuscular: revisión sistemática (Effect of beet juice supplementation (BJ) on neuromuscular response: a systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ramos Álvarez ◽  
Juan José Montoya Miñano ◽  
Francisco Miguel Tobal ◽  
Pablo Jodrá Jiménez ◽  
Raul Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Ergogenic Effect ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

  El zumo de remolacha (ZR) es una fuente nutricional rica en nitrato (NO3-) que, una vez ingerido, es reducido a óxido nítrico (ON). El ON posee efectos hipotensores, anti-inflamatorios y provoca mejoras en la eficiencia mitocondrial y en la regulación de la contractilidad muscular. Distintas investigaciones han comprobado que la suplementación con ZR presenta un efecto ergogénico en modalidades de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y esfuerzos explosivos e intermitentes de alta intensidad. Sin embargo, dado que ninguna revisión ha valorado el efecto de la suplementación con ZR sobre la producción de fuerza muscular, el objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es analizar el efecto de la suplementación con ZR sobre el rendimiento en la fuerza muscular. La búsqueda mediante palabras clave y conectores booleanos se realizó en las bases de datos Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus y SPORTDiscus. La estrategia de búsqueda empleada fue la siguiente: (nitrate OR beet*) AND (concepto 2) (supplement* OR nutr* OR diet*) AND (concepto 3) (strength OR "resistance exercise" OR "resistance training" OR "muscular power"). Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, un total de 14 artículos fueron seleccionados para la revisión. En la revisión se ha comprobado como la suplementación con ZR puede tener un efecto ergogénico sobre la producción de fuerza muscular bajo estimulación eléctrica, así como sobre la producción de potencia sobre contracciones isocinéticas únicamente a altas velocidades angulares, siendo el mecanismo explicativo una potenciación de la capacidad contráctil específicamente en las fibras musculares tipo II. Abstract. Beet juice (BJ) is a nutritional source rich in nitrate (NO3-) which, after ingestion, is reduced to nitric oxide (NO). NO has effects such as reduction in arterial pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement of mitochondrial efficiency, and regulation of muscle contractility. Different studies have reported that BJ supplementation has an ergogenic effect in modalities of cardiorespiratory endurance and explosive and intermittent high intensity efforts. Nevertheless, no review has assessed the effect of BJ supplementation on muscle strength production. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to analyse the effect of BJ supplementation on muscle strength performance. The search using keywords and Boolean connectors was carried out in the databases Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. The search strategy used was the following: (nitrate OR beet *) AND (concept 2) (supplement * OR nutr * OR diet *) AND (concept 3) (strength OR "resistance exercise" OR "resistance training" OR "muscular power "). After the application of the inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were selected for review. The review has shown how BJ supplementation can have an ergogenic effect on the production of muscle strength under electrical stimulation, as well as on the production of power over isokinetic contractions only at high angular speeds, the explanatory mechanism being a potentiation of the contractile capacity specifically in type II muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Effects of pomegranate supplementation on exercise performance and post-exercise recovery in healthy adults: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Mouna Turki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

AbstractThe functional significance of pomegranate (POM) supplementation on physiological responses during and following exercise is currently unclear. This systematic review aimed (i) to evaluate the existing literature assessing the effects of POM supplementation on exercise performance and recovery; exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation; and cardiovascular function in healthy adults and (ii) to outline the experimental conditions in which POM supplementation is more or less likely to benefit exercise performance and/or recovery. Multiple electronic databases were used to search for studies examining the effects of POM intake on physiological responses during and/or following exercise in healthy adult. Articles were included in the review if they investigated the effects of an acute or chronic POM supplementation on exercise performance, recovery and/or physiological responses during or following exercise. The existing evidence suggests that POM supplementation has the potential to confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects during and following exercise, to improve cardiovascular responses during exercise, and to enhance endurance and strength performance and post-exercise recovery. However, the beneficial effects of POM supplementation appeared to be less likely when (i) unilateral eccentric exercise was employed, (ii) the POM administered was not rich in polyphenols (<1·69 g/l) and (iii) insufficient time was provided between POM-ingestion and the assessment of physiological responses/performance (≤1 h). The review indicates that POM has the potential to enhance exercise performance and to expedite recovery from intensive exercise. The findings and recommendations from this review may help to optimise POM-supplementation practice in athletes and coaches to potentially improve exercise-performance and post-exercise recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Preferred and Non-Preferred Warm-Up Music on Resistance Exercise Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Ballmann ◽  
Georgia D. Cook ◽  
Zachary T. Hester ◽  
Thomas J. Kopec ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Repetitions To Failure ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18–24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.

scholarly journals Ischemia–Reperfusion Intervention: From Enhancements in Exercise Performance to Accelerated Performance Recovery—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8161
Author(s):  
Rhaí André Arriel ◽  
Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Hiago Leandro Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Anderson Meireles ◽  
Luís Filipe Moutinho Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Conditioning ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Performance Recovery

It has been demonstrated that brief cycles of ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) applied before exercise can improve performance and, IR intervention, applied immediately after exercise (post-exercise ischemic conditioning—PEIC) exerts a potential ergogenic effect to accelerate recovery. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to identify the effects of PEIC on exercise performance, recovery and the responses of associated physiological parameters, such as creatine kinase, perceived recovery and muscle soreness, over 24 h after its application. From 3281 studies, six involving 106 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared to sham (cuff administration with low pressure) and control interventions (no cuff administration), PEIC led to faster performance recovery (p = 0.004; ES = −0.49) and lower increase in creatine kinase (p < 0.001; effect size (ES) = −0.74) and muscle soreness (p < 0.001; ES = −0.88) over 24 h. The effectiveness of this intervention is more pronounced in subjects with low/moderate fitness level and at least a total time of 10 min of ischemia (e.g., two cycles of 5 min) is necessary to promote positive effects.

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