scholarly journals Streptococcus thermophilus: To Survive, or Not to Survive the Gastrointestinal Tract, That Is the Question!

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2175
Author(s):  
Anđela Martinović ◽  
Riccardo Cocuzzi ◽  
Stefania Arioli ◽  
Diego Mora
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Stool Samples

The probiotic market is increasing world-wide as well as the number of products marketed as probiotics. Among the latter, many products contain Streptococcus thermophilus strains at several dosages. However, the scientific evidence that should support the probiotic status of those S. thermophilus strains is often contradictory. This review analyses the scientific literature aimed to assess the ability of S. thermophilus strains to survive the human gastrointestinal tract by discussing the scientific validity of the methods applied for the bacterial recovery and identification from stool samples. This review highlights that in most of the intervention studies reviewed, the identification of S. thermophilus strains from stools was not carried out with the necessary taxonomic accuracy to avoid their misidentification with Streptococcus salivarius, a common human commensal and a species phylogenetically close to S. thermophilus. Moreover, this review highlights how critical the accurate taxonomic identification of S. thermophilus in metagenomics-based studies can be.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fibers, micronutrients, and phytonutrients on gut microbiome: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleigh E. Beane ◽  
Mersady C. Redding ◽  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
Jeong Hoon Pan ◽  
Brandy Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Microbiome Research

AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract harbors a magnitude of bacteria, which are collectively known as the gut microbiome. Research has demonstrated that the gut microbiome significantly impacts the health of its host and alters the host’s risk for various chronic diseases. Many factors, such as diet, could potentially be manipulated to alter the host gut microbiome and induce subsequent preventative and/or therapeutic effects. It has been established that diet partakes in the regulation and maintenance of the gut microbiome; however, specific crosstalk between the microbiome, gut, and host has not been clearly elucidated in relation to diet. In this review of the scientific literature, we outline current knowledge of the differential effects of major plant-derived dietary constituents (fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals) on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome.

The Validity of Health Claims on the World Wide Web: A Systematic Survey of the Herbal Remedy Opuntia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Veronin ◽  
Gilbert Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The World

Purpose. The World Wide Web has become a significant source of health information for the public, but there is concern that much of the information is inaccurate, misleading, and unsupported by scientific evidence. To explore this issue, the validity of health claims for the herb Opuntia on the World Wide Web was analyzed. Data Sources. From December 1998 to May 1999, health claims were identified from Web sites utilizing nine search engines. A corresponding search was conducted of the scientific literature. Search terms included common and botanical names for Opuntia. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Nutritional support guidelines for herbs were used to identify claims from relevant sites. Scientific studies included established methodological designs with no restrictions on source, language, type of subjects, or dosage forms for Opuntia. Data Extraction Methods. A checklist of significant information was prepared for Web sites and scientific studies. The quality of scientific studies was assessed with two instruments, the Jadad and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scales. Data Synthesis. Validity of health claims on Web sites was compared with scientific reports. Searches retrieved 184 Web sites, 98 with health claims and 51 with research studies. Only 34% of the claims were addressed in the scientific literature, and evidence was conflicting or contradictory. For human studies, none met the criteria for high quality as determined by the Jadad and JAMA scales. Major Conclusions. The majority of health claims were based on folklore or indirect scientific evidence and could not be validated by scientific research. This suggests a need to check the validity of herbal information on the World Wide Web.

The Design of a Hydraulic Suction Tube for Peroral Biopsy of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Quinton ◽  
Arnold L. Flick ◽  
Cyrus E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Suction Tube

The Host Genotype Affects the Bacterial Community in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin G. Zoetendal ◽  
Antoon D. L. Akkermans ◽  
Wilma M. Akkermans-van Vliet ◽  
J. Arjan G. M. De Visser ◽  
Willem M. De Vos
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Host Genotype

Food-grade titanium dioxide particles decrease the bioaccessibility of iron released from spinach leaves in simulated human gastrointestinal tract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Chuanxin Ma ◽  
Heping Shang ◽  
Jason C. White ◽  
David Julian McClements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Spinach Leaves

E171 reduced Fe bioaccessibility of spinach in a simulated gastrointestinal tract via two mechanisms: the inhibition of α-amylase activity and adsorption of released Fe from spinach.

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