scholarly journals Identifying Interactions between Dietary Sodium, Potassium, Sodium–Potassium Ratios, and FGF5 rs16998073 Variants and Their Associated Risk for Hypertension in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Hyeyun Jeong ◽  
Hyun-Seok Jin ◽  
Sung-Soo Kim ◽  
Dayeon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Hypertension is affected by both genetic and dietary factors. This study aimed to examine the interaction between dietary sodium/potassium intake, sodium–potassium ratios, and FGF5 rs16998073 and link these with increased risk for developing hypertension. Using data from the Health Examinee (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), we were able to identify a total of 17,736 middle-aged Korean adults who could be included in our genome-wide association study (GWAS) to confirm any associations between hypertension and the FGF5 rs16998073 variant. GWAS analysis revealed that the FGF5 rs16698073 variant demonstrated the strongest association with hypertension in this population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and sodium–potassium ratios and the FGF5 rs16998073 genotypes (AA, AT, TT) and any increased risk of hypertension. Carriers with at least one minor T allele for FGF5 rs16998073 were shown to be at significantly higher risk for developing hypertension. Male TT carriers with a daily sodium intake ≥2000 mg also demonstrated an increased risk for developing hypertension compared to the male AA carriers with daily sodium intake <2000 mg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.84–3.15, p-interaction < 0.0001). Female AA carriers with a daily potassium intake ≥3500 mg showed a reduced risk for hypertension when compared to female AA carriers with a daily potassium intake <3500 mg (AOR = 0.75. 95% CIs = 0.58–0.95, p-interaction < 0.0001). Male TT carriers in the mid-tertile for sodium–potassium ratio values showed the highest odds ratio for hypertension when compared to male AA carriers in the lowest-tertile for sodium–potassium ratio values (AOR = 3.03, 95% CIs = 2.14–4.29, p-interaction < 0.0001). This study confirmed that FGF5 rs16998073 variants do place their carriers (men and women) at increased risk for developing hypertension. In addition, we showed that high daily intake of sodium exerted a synergistic effect for hypertension when combined with FGF5 rs16998073 variants in both genders and that dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium–potassium ratios all interact with FGF5 rs16998073 and alter the risk of developing hypertension in carriers of either gender among Koreans.

Dietary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium to Potassium Ratio in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2022 ◽  
pp. 109980042110654
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Sara DelOlmo-Romero ◽  
Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ◽  
José-Luis Callejas-Rubio ◽  
Raquel Ríos-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Complement C4 ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium:potassium ratio and clinical disease activity parameters, damage accrual, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Research design and study sample: A cross-sectional study including a total of 280 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.9 ± 12.85 years). Data collection: The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate dietary intake of sodium and potassium. Results: Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA ( β  =  −.005; 95% CI [.002 .008]; p = .001) and complement C4 level ( β  =  −.002; 95% CI [−.003, .000]; p = .039). Dietary potassium intake was also significantly associated with complement C3 level ( β  =  −.004; 95% CI [−.007, −.001]; p = .021). Multiple logistic regression models revealed a positive association between dietary sodium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .005) and an inverse association between dietary potassium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .004). Conclusions: SLE patients with higher dietary sodium and lower dietary potassium intakes had an increased risk of higher hsCRP. Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA and complement C4 level, while dietary potassium intake was associated with complement C3 level, supporting that dietary sodium and potassium intakes might play a key role in markers related to disease activity in SLE patients.

scholarly journals Estimation of salt intake, potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio by 24-hour urinary excretion: an urban rural study in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jayatissa ◽  
Y Yamori ◽  
AH De Silva ◽  
M Mori ◽  
PC De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Salt Consumption

AbstractBackgroundSodium intakes of different populations around the world became of interest after a positive correlation was drawn between dietary sodium intake and prevalence of hypertension. Sri Lanka has adopted a salt reduction strategy to combat high blood pressure in the population with escalation of non-communicable diseases.ObjectiveTo measure intake of salt, potassium and sodium/potassium ratio of adults in urban and rural settings.DesignA community based study of 328 adults between 30-59 years, including equal numbers from urban and rural sectors. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Blood pressure was measured by a standardized automated measurement system and the mean of two readings was used for analysis. 24-hour urine was collected and measured for creatinine, sodium, potassium levels.ResultsMean daily salt consumption was 8.3g (95%CI:7.9,8.8), which is 1.6 times higher than WHO recommendation. Mean daily potassium intake was 1,265g (95%CI:1191.0,1339.3), which is 2.8 times lower and sodium/potassium ratio was 4.3 (95%CI:4.2,4.5), which is 7 times higher than WHO recommendation. Daily salt consumption was significantly higher in males (9.0g;95%CI:8.3,9.8) than females (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.2); rural (8.9g;95%CI:8.2-9.6,) than urban (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.3) with increasing body mass index (8.2g;95%CI:6.1,10.2 to 10.0g;95%CI:8.5,11.6). Systolic blood pressure was significantly positively correlated with high BMI and waist circumference.ConclusionsHigh salt consumption, low potassium intake and high sodium/potassium ratio was found in this population. This information can be used to set targets to reduce salt intake in the population. Need to create awareness to enhance the consumption of potassium rich food while reducing salt intake to minimize future NCD burden.

Abstract 19644: Dietary Sodium, Potassium Levels and Sodium Potassium Ratios in India Using 24-hour Urinary Excretion Assessment

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailesh Mohan ◽  
Roopa Shivashankar ◽  
Shweta Khandelwal ◽  
Shuchi Anand ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health burden in India and most hypertensives are inadequately treated and controlled. Thus, population based sodium reduction strategies are essential for hypertension control. However, contemporary data on sodium consumption, which are essential to implement effective sodium reduction strategies are lacking. Objective: To assess the dietary sodium, potassium intakes and sodium potassium ratios using 24 hour urinary samples among a representative sample of adults aged ≥ 20years in urban and rural India. Methods: We conducted a population based cross sectional survey among 1397 adults aged ≥ 20 years residing in urban Delhi and rural Haryana, India. Subjects were selected using a systematic random sampling technique (multi stage cluster random sampling in urban area and simple random sampling in rural area). Data were obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire, anthropometry and a 24-hour urine collection. Results: In the urban area, the mean age of the participants was 45 years (SD=14.4) and half of them were women while in the rural area it was 46 years (SD=15.3) and 60% were women. Mean sodium intake as assessed by 24 hour urinary sodium excretion was higher in rural [3798 mg/day (SD=2106)] compared to the urban area [2421 mg/day (SD=1743)]. Mean potassium intake was low in both rural [1607 mg/day (SD=826)] and urban areas [1144 (SD=755)], and the overall sodium potassium ratio was high (2.4).Men had higher sodium intake and sodium potassium ratio. Conclusion: Sodium intake in this sample is high and exceeds the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended levels while potassium intake is low. Sodium reduction efforts combined with policies to increase potassium intake should be initiated in India to prevent and control hypertension as well as to contribute to the proposed United Nations WHO targets for reducing chronic non-communicable diseases by 2025.

scholarly journals Sodium Toxicity in the Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutritional Immunology of COVID-19

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Sodium Toxicity ◽  
Nutritional Immunology

Dietary factors in the etiology of COVID-19 are understudied. High dietary sodium intake leading to sodium toxicity is associated with comorbid conditions of COVID-19 such as hypertension, kidney disease, stroke, pneumonia, obesity, diabetes, hepatic disease, cardiac arrhythmias, thrombosis, migraine, tinnitus, Bell’s palsy, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. This article synthesizes evidence from epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, and virology literature linking sodium toxicological mechanisms to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sodium toxicity is a modifiable disease determinant that impairs the mucociliary clearance of virion aggregates in nasal sinuses of the mucosal immune system, which may lead to SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral sepsis. In addition, sodium toxicity causes pulmonary edema associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, as well as inflammatory immune responses and other symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever and nasal sinus congestion. Consequently, sodium toxicity potentially mediates the association of COVID-19 pathophysiology with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sodium dietary intake also increases in the winter, when sodium losses through sweating are reduced, correlating with influenza-like illness outbreaks. Increased SARS-CoV-2 infections in lower socioeconomic classes and among people in government institutions are linked to the consumption of foods highly processed with sodium. Interventions to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality through reduced-sodium diets should be explored further.

scholarly journals Is socio-demographic status, body mass index, and consumption of food away from home associated with high sodium intake among adults in Malaysia?: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
Shubash Shander Ganapathy ◽  
Norazizah Ibrahim Wong ◽  
Siew Man Cheong ◽  
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Meal Consumption

Abstract Background Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. Methods MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. Results A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. Conclusion Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.

The Relationship between Daily Sodium Intake and Obesity in Korean Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-hoon Kim ◽  
Gyeong Eun Lim ◽  
Sunyoung Kang ◽  
Kayoung Lee ◽  
Tae-jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

scholarly journals Sodium Sensitivity, Sodium Resistance, and Incidence of Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang He ◽  
Jian-Feng Huang ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiangfeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Sensitivity ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Increased Risk

Cross-sectional studies have reported that high sodium sensitivity is more common among individuals with hypertension. Experimental studies have also reported various animal models with sodium-resistant hypertension. It is unknown, however, whether sodium sensitivity and resistance precede the development of hypertension. We conducted a feeding study, including a 7-day low-sodium diet (1180 mg/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium diet (7081 mg/day), among 1718 Chinese adults with blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg. We longitudinally followed them over an average of 7.4 years. Three BP measurements and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion were obtained on each of 3 days during baseline observation, low-sodium and high-sodium interventions, and 2 follow-up studies. Three trajectories of BP responses to dietary sodium intake were identified using latent trajectory analysis. Mean (SD) changes in systolic BP were −13.7 (5.5), −4.9 (3.0), and 2.4 (3.0) mm Hg during the low-sodium intervention and 11.2 (5.3), 4.4 (4.1), and −0.2 (4.1) mm Hg during the high-sodium intervention ( P <0.001 for group differences) in high sodium-sensitive, moderate sodium-sensitive, and sodium-resistant groups, respectively. Compared with individuals with moderate sodium sensitivity, multiple-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for incident hypertension were 1.43 (1.03–1.98) for those with high sodium sensitivity and 1.43 (1.03–1.99) for those with sodium resistance ( P =0.006 for nonlinear trend). Furthermore, a J-shaped association between systolic BP responses to sodium intake and incident hypertension was identified ( P <0.001). Similar results were observed for diastolic BP. Our study indicates that individuals with either high sodium sensitivity or sodium resistance are at an increased risk for developing hypertension.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein and Fat Intake Affects Diabetes Risk with CDKAL1 Genetic Variants in Korean Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5607
Author(s):  
Woo Jeong Choi ◽  
Hyun-Seok Jin ◽  
Sung-Soo Kim ◽  
Dayeon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Increased Risk

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1) is one of the strongest diabetes loci identified to date; evidence suggests that it plays an important role in insulin secretion. Dietary factors that affect insulin demand might enhance the risk of diabetes associated with CDKAL1 variants. Our aim was to examine the interactions between dietary protein and fat intake and CDKAL1 genetic variants in relation to the risk of diabetes in Korean adults. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for diabetes after adjustment for age, gender, and examination site. Using data from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), 3988 middle-aged Korean adults between 40–76 years of age (2034 men and 1954 women) were included in the study. Finally, rs7756992 located within the CDKAL1 gene region was selected from GWAS (p-value < 5 × 10−8). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the interactions between genotypes and dietary protein and fat intake in relation to diabetes risk after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking status, drinking habits, and examination site. Significant interactions between CDKAL1 rs7756992 and dietary protein and fat intake for the risk of diabetes were observed in men (p-value < 0.05). In women, significant interactions between dietary protein and fat intake and CDKAL1 variants (rs7756992) were associated with increased risk of diabetes (p-value < 0.05). Dietary protein and fat intake interacted differently with CDKAL1 variants in relation to the risk of diabetes in Korean adults of both genders. These findings indicate that CDKAL1 variants play a significant role in diabetes and that dietary protein and fat intake could affect these associations.

P1690Lab-on-a-chip based self-monitoring device for dietary intake of potassium and sodium: the LAB-CHIPS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Vendeville ◽  
H A H Kaasjager ◽  
R E A Musson ◽  
W Spiering
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Kawasaki Formula

Abstract Background Dietary sodium restriction and upholding adequate potassium intake is an important lifestyle modification strategy advocated in guidelines for the management of hypertension and for lowering cardiovascular risk in the general population. The gold standard for estimating sodium and potassium intake, 24-hour urine collection (24hUc), is time consuming and cumbersome, but most importantly not a good indicator of dietary habit due to day-to-day variation. New lab-on-a-chip technology has been developed to measure urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion in a single drop of urine using microcapillary electrophoreses combined with conductivity analyses. Self-monitoring can be done at home over a longer period of time. Results are readily available. Purpose To assess agreement between 24hUc and the lab-on-a-chip self-monitoring device for estimating past 24h dietary sodium and potassium intake for single and multiple self-tests by using the Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka formulae. Methods Healthy participants (n=12) were asked to adhere to three different weekly dietary sodium restriction goals. Participants received verbal and written information to aim between 3.3 and 5.0 grams of sodium intake a day during week 1 (“normal”), >3.3<5.0 grams in week 2 (low) and >5.0 grams during week 3 (high). Weekly measurement instructions consisted of one self-test on day 1 through 6 and multiple self-tests (n=3) combined with a 24hUc on day 7. To estimate 24h sodium and potassium intake, Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka formulas were used. The Bland-Altman method was used to calculate the agreement. Results The agreement (mg/day) for sodium between 24hUc and a self-test on first morning urine (fmu) (Kawasaki), was −102±804 (normal), −860±592 (low) and 340±1406 (high). For multiple self-tests (n=3) performed on 24hUc days, using the INTERSALT formula, the agreement was: 577±832 (normal), −701±721 (low) and 1788±911 (high). Any combination of same day single or multiple INTERSALT or Tanaka self-tests and fmu Kawasaki did not result in better agreement. For potassium the agreement between 24hUc and fmu (Kawaksaki) was 1071±966 (normal), 1376±678 (low) and 1654±880 (high). Using the Tanaka formula resulted in further underestimation and thus worse agreement for same day self-tests and fmu. Conclusion In this study, agreement between 24hUc and the lab-on-a-chip self-monitoring device for estimating past 24h dietary sodium intake was best for a fmu self-test calculated with the Kawasaki formula. For estimating potassium intake, a fmu self-test with help of the Kawasaki formula overestimated potassium intake considerably. This lab-on-a-chip self-monitoring device has the potential to improve current lifestyle modification strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document