scholarly journals Omega-3 Phospholipids from Krill Oil Enhance Intestinal Fatty Acid Oxidation More Effectively than Omega-3 Triacylglycerols in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kroupova ◽  
Evert M. van Schothorst ◽  
Jaap Keijer ◽  
Annelies Bunschoten ◽  
Martin Vodicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lower Body Weight

Antisteatotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3) in obese rodents seem to vary depending on the lipid form of their administration. Whether these effects could reflect changes in intestinal metabolism is unknown. Here, we compare Omega-3-containing phospholipids (krill oil; ω3PL-H) and triacylglycerols (ω3TG) in terms of their effects on morphology, gene expression and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the small intestine. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with 30 mg/g diet of ω3TG or ω3PL-H. Omega-3 index, reflecting the bioavailability of Omega-3, reached 12.5% and 7.5% in the ω3PL-H and ω3TG groups, respectively. Compared to HFD mice, ω3PL-H but not ω3TG animals had lower body weight gain (−40%), mesenteric adipose tissue (−43%), and hepatic lipid content (−64%). The highest number and expression level of regulated intestinal genes was observed in ω3PL-H mice. The expression of FA ω-oxidation genes was enhanced in both Omega-3-supplemented groups, but gene expression within the FA β-oxidation pathway and functional palmitate oxidation in the proximal ileum was significantly increased only in ω3PL-H mice. In conclusion, enhanced intestinal FA oxidation could contribute to the strong antisteatotic effects of Omega-3 when administered as phospholipids to dietary obese mice.

scholarly journals Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze (New Zealand Spinach) Prevents Obesity and Hyperuricemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Sil Lee ◽  
Seung-Hyung Kim ◽  
Heung Yuk ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia

Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze, called New Zealand spinach (NZS), is an edible plant used in salad in Western countries and has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases in traditional medicine. We examined the anti-obesity and anti-hyperuricemic effects of NZS and the underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD); high-fat diet (HFD); HFD with 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg NZS extract; or 245 mg/kg Garcinia cambogia (GC) extract. NZS decreased body weight gain, total white adipose tissue (WAT), liver weight, and size of adipocytes and improved hepatic and plasma lipid profiles. With NZS, the plasma levels of the leptin and uric acid were significantly decreased while the levels of the adiponectin were increased. Furthermore, NZS decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is involved in uric acid production, while increasing that of proteins associated with fatty acid oxidation. UPLC analysis revealed that NZS contained 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranoside, 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(6′′′′-caffeoyl)-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 6,4′-dimethoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(6′′′′-caffeoyl)-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that NZS exerts anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-hyperuricemic effects in HFD-induced obese mice, which are partly explained by regulation of lipid-metabolism-related genes and proteins and decreased expression of XOR.

scholarly journals HOX-7 suppresses body weight gain and adipogenesis-related gene expression in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heon-Myung Lee ◽  
Hong-Kun Rim ◽  
Jong-Hwan Seo ◽  
Yoon-Bum Kook ◽  
Sung-Kew Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced dysregulation of ovarian gene expression is restored with chronic omega-3 fatty acid supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 110615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Hohos ◽  
Emily M. Elliott ◽  
Kirstin J. Cho ◽  
Ivy S. Lin ◽  
Michael C. Rudolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of the Flower of Prunus persica in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungbin Song ◽  
Young-Sik Kim ◽  
Linae Kim ◽  
Hyo Jin Park ◽  
Donghun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch is a deciduous fruit tree cultivated worldwide. The flower of P. persica (PPF), commonly called the peach blossom, is currently consumed as a tea for weight loss in East Asia; however, its anti-obesity effects have yet to be demonstrated in vitro or in vivo. Since PPF is rich in phytochemicals with anti-obesity properties, we aimed to investigate the effects of PPF on obesity and its underlying mechanism using a diet-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.2% or 0.6% PPF water extract for 8 weeks. PPF significantly reduced body weight, abdominal fat mass, serum glucose, alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and liver and spleen weights compared to the HFD control group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PPF suppressed lipogenic gene expression, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and -2 and fatty acid synthase, and up-regulated the fatty acid β-oxidation gene, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, in the liver. Our results suggest that PPF exerts anti-obesity effects in obese mice and these beneficial effects might be mediated through improved hepatic lipid metabolism by reducing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid oxidation.

scholarly journals Antiobesity Effects of the Ethanol Extract ofLaminaria japonicaAreshoung in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Sun Jang ◽  
Se Young Choung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats

Laminaria japonicaAreshoung, a widely consumed marine vegetable, has traditionally been used in Korean maternal health. The present study investigated the antiobesity effects ofLaminaria japonicaAreshoung ethanol extract (LE) and its molecular mechanism in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were separately fed a normal diet or a high-calorie high-fat diet for 6 weeks; then they were treated with LE or tea catechin for another 6 weeks. LE administration significantly decreased the body weight gain, fat-pad weights, and serum and hepatic lipid levels in HD-induced obese rats. The histological analysis revealed that LE-treated group showed a significantly decreased number of lipid droplets and size of adipocytes compared to the HD group. To elucidate the mechanism of action of LE, the levels of genes and proteins involved in obesity were measured in the liver and skeletal muscle. LE treatment resulted in an increased expression of fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis-related genes in obese rats. Conversely, the expression of the fat intake-related gene (ACC2) and lipogenesis-related genes was reduced by LE treatment. Additionally, LE treatment increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and its direct downstream protein, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, which is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in fatty acid synthesis pathway. These findings demonstrate that LE treatment has a protective effect against a high-fat-diet-induced obesity in rats through regulation of expression of genes and proteins involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3652
Author(s):  
Suresh Khadke ◽  
Pallavi Mandave ◽  
Aniket Kuvalekar ◽  
Vijaya Pandit ◽  
Manjiri Karandikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which an outcome of impaired insulin action and its secretion, is concomitantly associated with lipid abnormalities. The study was designed to evaluate the combinational effect of omega-3 fatty acids (flax and fish oil) and glibenclamide on abnormal lipid profiles, increased blood glucose, and impaired liver and kidney functions in a high fat diet with low streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including its probable mechanism of action. The male Wistar rats (n = 48) were distributed into eight groups. All animal groups except the healthy received a high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. Further, diabetes was developed by low dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Diabetic animals received, omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/kg), along with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg). Both flax and fish oil intervention decreased (p ≤ 0.001) serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and elevated (p ≤ 0.001) high density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level was decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in fish oil-treated rats. However, it remained unaffected in the flax oil treatment group. Both flax and fish oil intervention downregulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes, transcription factors (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c and nuclear factor-κβ), and their regulatory genes i.e., acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factors-α. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression was upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in the fish oil treatment group. Whereas, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid binding protein gene expression were upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in both flax and fish oil intervention group.

scholarly journals Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Danping Huang ◽  
Qiaolin Hu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Yizhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

To assess the effects of betaine on hepatic lipid accumulation and investigate the underlying mechanism, thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 100 (sd 2·50) g were divided into four groups, and started on one of four treatments: basal diet, basal diet with betaine administration, high-fat diet and high-fat diet with betaine administration. The results showed that no significant difference of body weight was found among experimental groups. Compared with high-fat diet-fed rats, a betaine supplementation decreased (P< 0·05) hepatic TAG accumulation induced by high-fat diet, which was also supported by hepatic histology results. Additionally, hepatic betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase activity as well as its mRNA abundance and lecithin level were found increased (P< 0·05) by betaine supplementation in both basal diet-fed rats and high-fat diet-fed rats. Betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats exhibited a higher (P< 0·05) activity of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) compared with high-fat diet-fed rats. High-fat diet inhibited (P< 0·05) the gene expression of hepatic PPARα and CPT1. However, betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats elevated (P< 0·05) the gene expression of PPARα and CPT1. Moreover, concentration, gene and protein expressions of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were increased (P< 0·05) in response to betaine administration in high-fat diet group; meanwhile the gene expression of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase was increased (P< 0·05) as well. The results suggest that betaine administration enhanced hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in high-fat diet-fed rats, thus effectively alleviating fat accumulation in the liver.

scholarly journals Engineered Bacteria of MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 Attenuated Obesity-Induced by High Fat Diet in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfang Wang ◽  
Tingtao Chen ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wu ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Engineered Bacteria ◽  
Engineered Strain ◽  
Liver Tissues

BackgroundAlthough gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been widely used for treating diabetes, the extremely short half-life greatly limits its application. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of an engineered bacteria with expression of GLP-1 on obese mice induced by high fat diet (HFD).MethodsThe engineered strain of MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 (M-GLP-1) was constructed and its anti-obesity effects were evaluated in vivo. The bodyweight, the morphology of adipose and liver tissue, and liver function were examined. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expressions of the genes involved in fatty acid oxidation synthesis. The intestinal microbial diversity was detected with high-throughput sequencing analysis.ResultsThe engineered bacteria could produce GLP-1. It also significantly decreased the bodyweight and improved the glucose intolerance in the obese mice induced by HFD. Moreover, the strain also reduced the triglyceride (TG) in serum, protected liver, as well as decreased the intracellular TG in liver tissues of the obese mice. Furthermore, our results showed that the expressions of the genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) and its target genes were enhanced in liver tissues when mice treated with M-GLP-1. Finally, we found that the engineered strain markedly increased intestinal microbial diversity.ConclusionOur results suggested the genetically engineered bacteria that constitutively secreted GLP-1 could improve obesity and the mechanism may be related to promoting fatty acid oxidation and increasing intestinal microbial diversity of the obese mice.

scholarly journals Allium hookeri Root Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis by Promoting Lipolysis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Jang ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Allium Hookeri

: Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a herbal medicine. It possesses biological activity against metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of AH root water extract (AHR) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of AHR significantly suppressed body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum leptin levels, and adipocyte cell size in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, AHR significantly decreased hepatic mRNA expression levels of cholesterol synthesis genes, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP)-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as fatty acid synthesis genes, such as SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase. Serum triglyceride levels were also lowered by AHR, likely as a result of the upregulating gene involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, in the liver. AHR treatment activated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which might have promoted HSL and LPL-medicated lipolysis, thereby reducing white adipose tissue weight. In conclusion, AHR treatment can improve metabolic alterations induced by HFD in mice by modifying expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and liver.

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