scholarly journals Increasing Plant-Based Meat Alternatives and Decreasing Red and Processed Meat in the Diet Differentially Affect the Diet Quality and Nutrient Intakes of Canadians

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Mojtaba Shafiee ◽  
D. Dan Ramdath
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Current evidence suggests a link between red and processed meat consumption and the risk of various cancers and other health outcomes. Using national survey data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition 2015, we aimed to model a dietary scenario to assess the potential effects of increasing the intake of currently consumed plant-based meat alternatives by 100% and decreasing the consumption of red and processed meat by 50% on the diet quality and nutrient intakes of Canadians (≥1 year). This dietary scenario had no significant impact on dietary energy intake (p > 0.05), but resulted in a significant increase in the dietary intakes of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, and dietary folate equivalents (p < 0.05). On the other hand, this dietary scenario was accompanied by a significant decrease in protein (from 77.8 ± 0.6 g to 73.4 ± 0.6 g), cholesterol, zinc, and vitamin B12 intake (p < 0.05). Further, based on Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) scores, the overall nutritional value of the simulated diet was higher than the baseline diet. Our modeling showed that the partial replacement of red and processed meat with plant-based alternatives improves overall diet quality but may adversely affect the intake of some micronutrients, especially zinc and vitamin B12.

scholarly journals Protein consumption in Canadian habitual diets: Usual intake, inadequacy, and the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods to nutrient intakes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Auclair ◽  
Sergio A. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

The 2019 Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) emphasizes consumption of plant protein with implications for protein adequacy and nutrient intakes, yet a baseline with which to compare future dietary trends that may result from its adoption is not available. The objectives were to assess usual protein intake, inadequacy, and the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods to intake of protein and nutrients in Canada. 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey – Nutrition were used to assess dietary intake among adults (n = 13 616). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual protein intake and inadequacy. Population ratios were used to determine the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods to intake of protein, nutrients, and energy. Usual protein intake averaged 79.47±0.70 g/d; inadequacy was highest for females ≥71y (9.76±2.04%). Top protein contributors were red and processed meat (21.6±0.55%), poultry and eggs (20.1±0.81%), cereals, grains, and breads (19.5±0.31%), and dairy (16.7±0.38%). Dairy contributed most to calcium (53.4±0.61%), vitamin D (38.7±1.01%), but also saturated fat (40.6±0.69%), whereas cereals, grains, and breads contributed most to iron (46.5±0.57%) and vegetables and fruit to potassium (32±0.45%). Given that animal sources contributed overwhelmingly to protein intake in 2015, dietary shifts towards plant protein needed to meet the 2019 CFG recommendations may pose a challenge, particularly for populations most at risk of inadequacy. Novelty: • Older adults and females are most at risk of not meeting protein recommendations. • Animal sources contribute two-thirds of the protein consumed by Canadian adults.

scholarly journals Acculturation and Diet Among Chinese American Immigrants in New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kirshner ◽  
Stella S Yi ◽  
Judith Wylie-Rosett ◽  
Nirupa R Matthan ◽  
Jeannette M Beasley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
York City ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Chinese American Immigrants ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

ABSTRACT Background There are limited data on the social and cultural determinants of dietary intake in Chinese Americans. Over 560,000 New York City residents are Chinese American, and there has been a growing trend over the past 30 y of permanent migration from China to the USA. Objectives The purpose of this secondary data analysis is to describe associations between diet, measured by self-report, and diet quality, with level of acculturation in a cross-sectional sample of urban-dwelling Chinese American immigrants. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 2071 foreign-born Chinese American adults. Acculturation was assessed using the Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale, diet using a Chinese-adapted FFQ, and diet quality using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Multivariable regression was used to assess associations between ethnic (ESI; Chinese) and dominant (DSI; American) society immersion scores with self-reported dietary measures. Results No significant associations were found between acculturation and overall AHEI score. Higher ESI and DSI scores were associated with higher vegetable, fruit, and nut/legume scores; a higher DSI score only was associated with higher whole grain and PUFA scores. A 1-unit increase in the ESI score was associated with a 0.005 (P = 0.009) lower red and processed meat component score, whereas a 1-unit increase in DSI score was associated with a 0.01 (P = 0.025) higher red and processed meat component score. Conclusions Assessment of acculturation level may help to tailor dietary strategies that are appropriate to what Chinese American immigrant communities are consuming to more effectively decrease the risk of chronic disease.

scholarly journals Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with Diet Quality and the Distribution of Food Intake Throughout the Day: NHANES 2005–20016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 534-534
Author(s):  
Owen Kelly ◽  
Stephanie Fanelli ◽  
Sara Thomas ◽  
Jessica Krok-Schoen ◽  
Satya Jonnalagadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract Objectives Distribution of carbohydrate intakes (carb choices) throughout the day are an important aspect to diabetes management and reducing blood glucose spikes. Skipping breakfast represents a behavior of concern, providing an extension of the overnight fast and may result in elevated sugar levels later in the day. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary intake differences, including carbohydrates, based on consuming breakfast or not, and by diabetes status. Methods Adults over 30 years from NHANES 2005–2016 were classified into nondiabetes (HbA1c &lt;5.7%, n = 14,701), prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%, n = 5855) and diabetes (HbA1c (≥6.5%, n = 2881). Dietary intakes were assessed using a multiple pass 24-hour recall to estimate intakes from the foods and beverages reported as consumed on the day prior to the NHANES visit. Breakfast was self-defined by participants. Total population-based means (95% CI) of nutrient intakes, MyPlate equivalents, and Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores from the day of intake were calculated across levels of glycemic control and skipping breakfast status. Results Across all groups, adults who reported breakfast consumption had a significantly better overall diet quality, while total intakes of whole grains and fiber were significantly lower in those who skipped breakfast. Intakes of added sugars were not significantly different between those who skipped versus consumed breakfast. Conclusions The absence of breakfast on the day of intake was related to differential intakes of several nutrients related to healthy eating and glycemic management, resulting in a poorer overall diet quality. Healthcare professionals could evaluate meal skipping patterns and its impact on overall nutrient intakes, and the distribution of food intake throughout the day, in people with diabetes, to help improve disease management. Funding Sources Abbott Nutrition.

scholarly journals Fresh and Lean Beef Consumption in Relation to Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality Among U.S. Adults, 2005–2016 (P18-057-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Sharon Nickols-Richardson ◽  
Reginald Alston ◽  
Sa Shen ◽  
Caitlin Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Objectives This study assessed the influence of beef consumption on nutrient intakes and diet quality among U.S. adults. Methods Nationally-representative sample (N = 27,117) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016 waves were analyzed. First-difference estimator addressed confounding bias from time-invariant unobservables (e.g., eating habits, taste preferences) by using within-individual variations in beef consumption between 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Results Approximately 53.6%, 11.6%, and 6.7% of American adults consumed beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef, respectively. An increase in lean beef and fresh lean beef consumption by one ounce-equivalent per day was associated with an increase in the Health Eating Index-2010 score by 0.20 (95% CI = 0.10, 0.29) and 0.29 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.55), respectively. Prevalence of beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef consumption differed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, and obesity status. An increase in beef, fresh beef, lean beef, and fresh lean beef consumption by one ounce-equivalent per day was found to be associated with an increase in intakes of total energy by 46.1, 39.6, 34.3, and 23.3 kcal, protein by 5.0, 4.1, 4.9, and 4.2 g, sodium by 66.6, 63.4, 35.8, and 39.1 mg, choline by 18.9, 18.1, 19.4, and 18.9 mg, iron by 0.6, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.5 mg, selenium by 3.8, 3.4, 3.6, and 3.8 µg, zinc by 1.4, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.1 mg, phosphorus by 37.1, 37.5, 32.4, and 34.4 mg, vitamin B2 by 0.03, 0.05, 0.02, and 0.04 mg, vitamin B3 by 0.9, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.6 mg, and vitamin B6 by 0.1, 0.06, 0.1, and 0.07 mg, respectively. An increase in beef, fresh beef, and lean beef consumption by one ounce-equivalent per day was found to be associated with an increase in daily intakes of saturated fat by 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6 g, and vitamin B12 by 0.4, 0.3, and 0.4 µg, respectively. No association linking fresh lean beef consumption with daily intakes of saturated fat and vitamin B12 was identified. Conclusions Beef consumers are advised to increase their share of fresh and lean beef over total beef intake in an effort to maximize their nutritional gains from beef consumption while minimize the resultant increase in energy, saturated fat, and sodium intake. Funding Sources National Cattlemen's Beef Association.

scholarly journals Differences between men and women in dietary intakes and metabolic profile in response to a 12-week nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Leblanc ◽  
Anne-Marie Hudon ◽  
Marie-Michelle Royer ◽  
Louise Corneau ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nutritional Intervention Programme ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

AbstractFew studies have compared men and women in response to nutritional interventions but none has assessed differences between men and women in the response to a nutritional intervention programme based on the self-determination theory (SDT) and using the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) as a model of healthy eating, in a context of CVD prevention and within a non-Mediterranean population. The present study aimed to document differences between men and women in changes in dietary, anthropometric and metabolic variables, in response to a nutritional intervention programme promoting the adoption of the MedDiet and based on the SDT. A total of sixty-four men and fifty-nine premenopausal women presenting risk factors for CVD were recruited through different media advertisements in the Québec City Metropolitan area (Canada). The 12-week nutritional programme used a motivational interviewing approach and included individual and group sessions. A validated FFQ was administered to evaluate dietary intakes from which a Mediterranean score (Medscore) was derived. Both men and women significantly increased their Medscore in response to the intervention (P < 0·0001). Men showed a significantly greater decrease in red and processed meat (−0·4 (95 % CI −0·7, −0·1) portions per d) and a greater increase in fruit (0·9 (95 % CI 0·2, 1·6) portions per d) intakes than women. Significant decreases were observed for BMI and waist circumference in both men and women (P ≤ 0·04). Significant greater decreases were found for total cholesterol (total-C):HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (−0·2; 95 % CI −0·4, −0·03) and TAG:HDL-C (−0·2; 95 % CI −0·4, −0·04) ratios in men than in women. When adjusting for the baseline value of the response variable, differences between men and women became non-significant for red and processed meat and fruit intakes whereas significant differences between men and women (i.e. larger increases in men than women) were observed for legumes, nuts and seeds (0·6 (95 % CI 0·2, 1·0) portions per d) and whole-grain products (0·5 (95 % CI 0·01, 1·0) portions per d) intakes. For metabolic variables, differences between men and women became non-significant for total-C:HDL-C and TAG:HDL-C ratios when adjusted for the baseline value of the response variable. The present results suggest that the nutritional intervention promoting the adoption of the Mediterranean diet and based on the SDT led to greater improvements in dietary intakes in men than in women, which appear to have contributed to beneficial anthropometric and metabolic changes, more particularly in men. However, the more deteriorated metabolic profile found in men at baseline seems to contribute to a large extent to the more beneficial changes in CVD risk factors observed in men as compared with women.

scholarly journals Excessive meat consumption in Brazil: diet quality and environmental impacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Martins de Carvalho ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão César ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate red and processed meat intake, and the impact meat consumption has on diet quality and the environment.DesignA large cross-sectional health survey performed in São Paulo, Brazil.SettingDiet was assessed by two 24 h dietary recalls. Usual intakes were calculated using the Multiple Source Method. The World Cancer Research Fund recommendation of an average of 71·4 g/d was used as the cut-off point to estimate excessive red and processed meat consumption. To investigate the relationship between meat consumption and diet quality we used the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. The environmental impact was analysed according to estimates of CO2 equivalent emissions from meat consumption.SubjectsBrazilians (n 1677) aged 19 years and older were studied.ResultsThe mean red and processed meat intake was 138 g/d for men and 81 g/d for women. About 81 % of men and 58 % of women consumed more meat than recommended. Diet quality was inversely associated with excessive meat intake in men. In Brazil alone, greenhouse gas emissions from meat consumption, in 2003, were estimated at approximately 18 071 988 tonnes of CO2 equivalents, representing about 4 % of the total CO2 emitted by agriculture.ConclusionsThe excessive meat intake, associated with poorer diet quality observed, support initiatives and policies advising to reduce red and processed meat intake to within the recommended amounts, as part of a healthy and environmentally sustainable diet.

scholarly journals Delineating the Nutritional Contribution of Animal Protein to Total Intakes Among Adults in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 404-404
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fanelli ◽  
Kristen Heitman ◽  
Peter Madril ◽  
Christopher Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cured Meats ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives Recent health recommendations emphasize plant proteins and limiting animal proteins. Animal-based protein foods contribute to key micronutrient intakes beyond protein, such as zinc, iron, and vitamin B12. This study aimed to identify the contributions of foods containing meat, poultry, or seafood (MPS) in comparison to the day's total intakes. Methods Complete dietary data via 24-hour recalls from the 2005–2018 NHANES were analyzed among adults aged &gt;19 years (n = 35,309). The Food and Nutrients Database for Dietary Studies and Food Patterns Equivalents Database were used to estimate nutrient intakes and food categories, respectively. Foods containing MPS were identified as those that included meats, cured meats, organ meats, poultry, and seafood. The contribution of nutrients from all foods containing MPS were aggregated for each participant. Nutrient intakes from the total day and from MPS intakes were assessed for the total population, as well as across sex and age categories (20–35, 36–50, 51–70, 71 + years). Data were weighted to produce nationally representative estimates of nutrient intakes. Results Over half of dietary protein consumed on the day of intake originated from foods containing MPS in all groups besides adults aged 71 years and older (48%). MPS foods contributed to the majority (&gt;50%) of cholesterol, selenium, vitamin B12, niacin, zinc, and lycopene intakes, and moderately (&gt;30%) contributed to sodium, choline, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, phosphorus, vitamins B1 and B6, and iron intakes. On average, males consumed greater quantities and proportions of both total protein and MPS-specific protein foods, with a greater % of the day's micronutrient intakes from MPS foods. Conclusions While recent recommendations have emphasized the consumption of plant proteins, the nutritional contribution of MPS foods to total dietary intakes indicates a greater role in nutritional intakes than protein. MPS containing foods served as key contributors to essential nutrients. Promoting dietary guidelines that reduce the consumption of these foods should account for the intakes of such nutrients in making targeted efforts to balance nutritional status with other foci of health and disease. Funding Sources This research was supported by the Beef Checkoff program.

Abstract P210: Associations Of Early Parental Feeding Concerns And Behaviors With Child’s Dietary Intakes Throughout Childhood

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Gingras ◽  
Karen M Switkowski ◽  
Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman ◽  
Sabrina Faleschini ◽  
Emily Oken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Parental Feeding

Introduction: Parental feeding behaviors have been found to be associated with dietary intakes and weight status in children, although the longitudinal associations of parental feeding behaviors in early life with diet later in childhood have been scarcely studied. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that parental feeding restriction, pressure to eat, and concerns about child’s weight would be associated with poorer diet quality throughout childhood. Methods: Among 1172 mother-child pairs from Project Viva, we examined associations of parental feeding behaviors at 2 years assessed via questions from the Child Feeding Questionnaire (behaviors dichotomized as yes vs. no) with diet quality in early (mean: 3.2, SD 0.2 years; n=1076) and mid-childhood (mean: 7.8, SD 0.7 years; n=993) assessed via food frequency questionnaires. We used linear regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, maternal and paternal body mass index, and maternal diet quality in pregnancy. Results: At 2 years postpartum, 47% of parents pressured/encouraged their child to eat more, 8% restricted their intakes, 15% were concerned about their child being overweight and 7% about their child being underweight. Parental pressure to eat at 2 years was associated with higher child intake of fruit juice (β 0.17 serving/day; 95% CI 0.01, 0.34) and snack foods (0.12 serving/day; 0.01, 0.22) in early childhood and with lower youth healthy eating index score (-1.32 points; -2.54, -0.10; score from 0 to 85 points) in mid-childhood. Parental feeding restriction at 2 years was associated with lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (-0.17 serving/day; -0.27, -0.06) in early childhood and with lower intake of dairy (-0.29 serving/day; -0.56, -0.02) in mid-childhood. Parental concerns about their child being underweight was associated with lower youth healthy eating index score (-2.18 points; -4.30, -0.05; score from 0 to 95 points) in early childhood while concerns about their child being overweight was associated with higher intakes of red and processed meat (0.14 serving/day; 0.04, 0.23) in early childhood and higher intake of baked products in mid-childhood (0.07 serving/day; 0.01, 0.13). Conclusions: We found that early parental feeding behaviors may have a modest contribution to dietary intakes throughout childhood. However, only a few associations persisted after adjusting for socio-economic and parental characteristics and effect sizes were modest. Strategies to improve diet quality in children might need to focus on the broader family and socio-economic context.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-style diet in relation to glioma: a case–control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal ◽  
Mehdi Shayanfar ◽  
Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi ◽  
Hadi Tabibi ◽  
Giuve Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Red Meats ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

AbstractData on the association of adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style and glioma are scarce. We aimed to examine the association between adherence to the DASH-style diet and glioma in Iranian adults. In this study, 128 pathologically confirmed cases of glioma were recruited from hospitals and 256 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled from other wards of the hospital. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 126-item validated FFQ. Adherence to the DASH-style diet was followed considering the healthy and non-healthy foods emphasised in the DASH dietary pattern. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals with the greatest adherence to the DASH diet were 72 % less likely to have glioma compared with those with the lowest adherence (OR 0·28; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·57). Individuals with the highest consumption of fruits had lower odds for having glioma compared with those with the lowest intake (OR 0·31; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·68). A protective association was also observed between consumption of legumes and nuts and risk of glioma (OR 0·23; 95 % CI 0·10, 0·53). We found a significant positive association between red and processed meat (OR 2·60; 95 % CI 1·16, 5·81) and salt intakes (OR 2·87; 95 % CI 1·30, 6·34) and risk of glioma, after taking all potential confounders into account. Adherence to the DASH-style dietary pattern was inversely associated with glioma. In addition, some components of the DASH diet, including red meats and salt intakes, were positively associated with glioma. Consumption of nuts and legumes as well as fruits was inversely associated with glioma. Prospective cohort studies are required to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Canadian Self-Selected Diets: Trade-Offs With Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Olivia Auclair ◽  
Sergio A Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Objectives Individuals' dietary choices are critical determinants of human and planetary health. Although the environmental impact of animal-based foods typically exceeds that of plants, trade-offs among nutritional outcomes and environmental sustainability in the context of self-selected diets are less understood. The objectives were to estimate the carbon footprint of Canadian self-selected diets and to compare low- and high-GHGE diets in terms of intake of food groups, nutrients, and diet quality. Methods Twenty-four-hour recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) – Nutrition were used to determine dietary intake among adults ≥19 y (n = 13,612). Estimates from the database of Food Impacts on the Environment for Linking to Diets were used to link foods and beverages reported in the CCHS to their greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Intake of food groups, nutrients, and diet quality based on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index – 2010 were compared between low- and high-GHGE diets (lowest and highest quintiles of dietary GHGE expressed per 1,000 kcal). Results Dietary GHGE (mean ± SE) was 3.98 ± 0.06 kg CO2-equivalents (eq) per person per d or 2.15 ± 0.03 kg CO2-eq per person per 1,000 kcal. Animal-based foods contributed three-quarters of Canadians' total dietary GHGE, with red and processed meat alone accounting for 47.05 ± 0.82%. High-GHGE diets contained more animal-based foods, but also more vegetables and fruits and miscellaneous foods and beverages; low-GHGE diets contained more cereals, grains, and breads. High-GHGE diet respondents had higher intakes of nutrients of public health concern (iron, potassium, calcium, and vitamin D), but also higher intakes of nutrients to limit (saturated fat and sodium). Moreover, low-GHGE diets had higher diet quality scores compared to high-GHGE diets (55.31 ± 0.49 vs. 47.27 ± 0.46 points; p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Self-selected Canadian diets with the highest GHGE contained more animal-based foods and were characterized by higher intakes of nutrients of concern but a lower overall diet quality. These trade-offs warrant attention in shaping future food policy and dietary guidance in Canada aimed at meeting global targets for climate change. Funding Sources None.

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