scholarly journals Total Dietary Antioxidant Intake Including Polyphenol Content: Is It Capable to Fight against Increased Oxidants within the Body of Ultra-Endurance Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽  
Pelin Bilgic ◽  
Tuğba Kocahan ◽  
Gökhan Deliceoğlu ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Intake ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Ultra Endurance

The role of dietary antioxidants on exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress has been well investigated. However, the contribution of total dietary antioxidant capacity on exogenous antioxidant defense and exercise performance has commonly been disregarded. The aims of the present investigation were to examine (i) the effects of dietary total antioxidant intake on body antioxidant mechanisms, and (ii) an exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative damage in ultra-endurance athletes. The study included 24 ultra-marathon runners and long-distance triathletes (12 male and 12 female) who underwent an acute exhaustive exercise test (a cycle ergometer (45 min at 65% VO2max) immediately followed by a treadmill test (75% VO2max to exhaustion). Oxidative stress-related biomarkers (8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso PGF2a), total oxidant status (TOS, total antioxidant status (TAS)) in plasma were collected before and after exercise. Oxidative stress index was calculated to assess the aspect of redox balance. Blood lactate concentrations and heart rate were measured at the 3rd and 6th min after exercise. Dietary antioxidant intake was calculated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Dietary total antioxidant intake of the subjects was negatively correlated with pre-exercise TOS concentrations (rs = −0.641 in male, and rs = −0.741 in females) and post- vs. pre- (∆) 8-iso PGF2a levels (rs = −0.702 in male; p = 0.016, and rs = −0.682 in females; p = 0.024), and positively correlated with ∆ TAS concentrations (rs = 0.893 in males; p = 0.001, and rs = 0.769 in females; p = 0.002) and post- exercise lactate concentrations (rs = 0.795 for males; p = 0.006, and rs = 0.642 for females; p = 0.024). A positive meaningful (p = 0.013) interaction was observed between time at exhaustion and dietary antioxidant intake (rs = 0.692) in males, but not in females. In conclusion, the determination of total dietary antioxidant intake in ultra-endurance athletes may be crucial for gaining a better perspective on body antioxidant defense against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, the effects of dietary antioxidant on exercise performance and recovery rate needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Sulforaphane on Exercise-Induced Organ Damage via Inducing Antioxidant Defense Responses

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruheea Taskin Ruhee ◽  
Sihui Ma ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Exercise Induced

Regular exercise is beneficial to maintain a healthy lifestyle, but the beneficial effects are lost in the case of acute exhaustive exercise; this causes significant inflammation, oxidative stress along with organ damage. Recently, sulforaphane (SFN), an indirect antioxidant, has drawn special attention for its potential protective effect against inflammation and oxidative stress. However, no studies have been performed regarding acute exhaustive exercise-induced organ damage in association with SFN administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SFN on acute exhaustive exercise-induced organ damage and the mechanisms involved. To perform the study, we divided mice into four groups: Control, SFN, exercise, and SFN plus exercise. The SFN group was administered orally (50 mg/kg body wt) 2 h before the running test. We measured plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and acute exhaustive exercise significantly increased these biomarkers. In addition, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, were significantly increased in the liver of exercise group. However, the SFN plus exercise group showed a significant reduction in the expression of cytokines and blood biomarkers of tissue damage or cell death. Furthermore, we measured mRNA expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and antioxidant defense enzymes expression, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) in the liver. The expression of all these biomarkers was significantly upregulated in the SFN plus exercise group. Collectively, SFN may protect the liver from exhaustive exercise-induced inflammation via inducing antioxidant defense response through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction pathway.

l-Arginine supplementation improves antioxidant defenses through l-arginine/nitric oxide pathways in exercised rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Shan ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Guizhen Gao ◽  
Wengen Cao ◽  
Yunkun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

l-Arginine (l-Arg) supplementation has been shown to enhance physical exercise capacity and delay onset of fatigue. This work investigated the potential beneficial mechanism(s) of l-Arg supplementation by examining its effect on the cellular oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the exercised rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups: sedentary control; sedentary control with l-Arg treatment; endurance training (daily swimming training for 8 wk) control; endurance training with l-Arg treatment; an exhaustive exercise (one time swimming to fatigue) control; and an exhaustive exercise with l-Arg treatment. l-Arg (500 mg/kg body wt) or saline was given to rats by intragastric administration 1 h before the endurance training and the exhaustive swimming test. Expression levels and activities of the l-Arg/nitric oxide (NO) pathway components and parameters of the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense capacity were investigated in l-Arg-treated and control rats. The result show that the l-Arg supplementation completely reversed the exercise-induced activation of NO synthase and superoxide dismutase, increased l-Arg transport capacity, and increased NO and anti-superoxide anion levels. These data demonstrate that l-Arg supplementation effectively reduces the exercise-induced imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense capacity, and this modulation is likely mediated through the l-Arg/NO pathways. The findings of this study improved our understanding of how l-Arg supplementation prevents elevations of reactive oxygen species and favorably enhances the antioxidant defense capacity during physical exercise.

scholarly journals Are insulin-resistance and oxidative stress cause or consequence of aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (14) ◽  
pp. 1260-1267
Author(s):  
Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak ◽  
Dorota Stołtny ◽  
Alicja Brożek ◽  
Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń ◽  
Ewa Wysocka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

Insulin resistance (IR) may be associated with oxidative stress and leads to cardiovascular disorders. Current research focuses on interplay between insulin-resistance indices and oxidant-antioxidant markers in elderly individuals with or without insulin-resistance. The assessment involved anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, percentage of body fat (FAT)) and biochemical tests (glucose, lipids, serum insulin and plasma oxidant-antioxidant markers: Thiobarbituric Acid-Reacting Substances (TBARS), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and total antioxidant status). Insulin resistance index (IR) assuming a cut-off point of 0.3 allows to divides groups into: insulin sensitive group (InsS) IR < 0,3 ( n = 35, median age 69.0 years) and insulin-resistant group (InsR) IR ≥ 0.3 ( n = 51, median age 71.0 years). Lipids and antioxidant defense system markers did not differentiate the investigated groups. In the InsR elderly group, the FAT was increased ( P < 0.000003) and TBARS ( P = 0.008) concentration decreased in comparison with InsS group. A positive correlation for SOD-1 and total antioxidant status ( P < 0.05; r =  0.434) and a negative correlation for TBARS and age ( P < 0.05 with r = −0.421) were calculated in InsR individuals. In elderly individuals, oxidative stress persists irrespective of insulin-resistance status. We suggest that increased oxidative stress may be consequence of old age. An insulin action identifies those at high risk for atherosclerosis, via congruent associations with oxidative stress and extra- and intra-cellular antioxidant defense systems. Thus, we maintain that insulin-resistance is not the cause of aging. Impact statement Insulin resistance is associated with oxidative stress leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, little research has been performed examining elderly individuals with or without insulin-resistance. We demonstrate that antioxidant defense systems alone is not able to abrogate insulin action in elderly individuals at high risk for atherosclerosis, whereas the combined oxidant-antioxidant markers (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), and total antioxidant status (TAS)) might be more efficient and perhaps produce better clinical outcome. In fact, a decrease in oxidative stress and strong interaction between antioxidant defense can be seen only among insulin-resistant elderly individuals. This is, in our opinion, valuable information for clinicians, since insulin-resistance is considered strong cardiovascular risk factor.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Effects of Antioxidant Intake from a Physiological Viewpoint

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Kawamura ◽  
Isao Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Antioxidant Intake ◽  
Exercise Induced

It is well established that the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals production during exercise has both positive and negative physiological effects. Among them, the present review focuses on oxidative stress caused by acute exercise, mainly on evidence in healthy individuals. This review also summarizes findings on the determinants of exercise-induced oxidative stress and sources of free radical production. Moreover, we outline the effects of antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress, which have been studied extensively. Finally, the following review briefly summarizes future tasks in the field of redox biology of exercise. In principle, this review covers findings for the whole body, and describes human trials and animal experiments separately.

Antioxidant Status, Oxidative Stress, and Damage in Elite Trained Kayakers and Canoeists and Sedentary Controls

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Teixeira ◽  
Hugo Valente ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
Franklim Marques ◽  
Pedro Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Intake ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

Strenuous physical activity is known to generate reactive oxygen species to a point that can exceed the antioxidant defense system and lead to oxidative stress. Dietary intake of antioxidants, plasma enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase [Gr], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) activities, nonenzymatic (total antioxidant status [TAS], uric acid, α-tocopherol, retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin) antioxidants, and markers of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituricacid-reactive substances [TBARS]) and muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK]) were measured in 17 elite male kayakers and canoeists under resting conditions and in an equal number of age- and sex-matched sedentary individuals. Athletes showed increased plasma values of α-tocopherol (p = .037), α-carotene (p = .003), β-carotene (p = .007), and superoxide dismutase activity (p = .002) and a lower TAS level (p = .030). Antioxidant intake (α-tocopherol, vitamin C, and β-carotene) and plasmatic GPx, Gr, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol, and uric acid levels were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, TBARS (p < .001) and CK (p = .011) levels were found to be significantly higher in the kayakers and canoeists. This work suggests that despite the enhanced levels of antioxidants, athletes undergoing regular strenuous exercise exhibited more oxidative stress than sedentary controls.

scholarly journals Effect of levetiracetam drug on antioxidant and liver enzymes in epileptic patients: case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 984-990
Author(s):  
Atena Mahdavi ◽  
Amirmansour Alavi Naeini ◽  
Mohammadreza Najafi ◽  
Mohammadreza Maracy ◽  
Mohammadreza Aghaye Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Intake ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Control Study

Background: There is a limited amount of data regarding levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of LEV on antioxidant status and liver enzymes. Method: In this case-control study, 33 epileptic patients under treatment with LEV for at least 6 months were compared with 35 healthy subjects. We measured serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminoteransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminoteransferase (AST) levels in both groups. Dietary intakes were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Result: The level of TAC in the healthy subjects was significantly higher than it was in the patients (P=0.02), but the mean of ALT (P=0.02) and AST (P=0.03) was significantly higher in the patients in comparison with the controls. Mean salivary SOD showed no difference between the two groups. In the patients, the duration of drug use was inversely correlated with serum TAC (p=0.04) and had a direct correlation with ALT (p=0.01) and AST (p=0.03.). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that LEV increased liver enzymes Also, treatment with this drug did not improve oxidative stress, but this could be due to the different in the dietary antioxidant intake. Routine screening of the liver and antioxidant enzymes in patients with chronic use of LEV is recommended. Keywords: Levetiracetam; antioxidant; liver enzymes; epilepsy.

scholarly journals SOD Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF423 Has Protection Against Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 764-764
Author(s):  
Yea-eun Nam ◽  
Yunsoo Kim ◽  
Yeni Lim ◽  
Hye Jin Kim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Objectives Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular damage, causing a variety of degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. SOD is thought to play a central role in scavenging ROS generated in cells by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase. This study aims to test the hypothesis that exogenous SOD administration can help to protect against oxidative stress encountered at very early stages in the daily life of healthy subjects. Methods A total of 80 healthy adults were assigned to either an intervention group consuming B. amyloliquefaciens GF423 SOD (250 IU/capsule) daily for 8 weeks or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind and parallel design. Aerobic exercise by a treadmill for 30 minutes at an intensity of 60% of the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of each subject was used to induce oxidative stress at the beginning and end of the experimental period. Blood and urine samples were collected immediately after and 30 min after the exercise challenge to measure biochemical markers related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Results A single administration of exogenous SOD induced a marked decrease in urinary lipid peroxides and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to placebo administration. Furthermore, repeated administration of exogenous SOD for eight weeks resulted in a significant improvement of erythrocyte redox balance. Conclusions These findings suggest that the supply of exogenous SOD may be useful to enhance the antioxidant defense capacity and anti-inflammatory response in response to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Bio-Synergy Research Project (NRF-2012M3A9C4048761) from the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, and the BK21PLUS (Brain Korea 21 plus) program (22a20130012143) from the Ministry of Education and the GenoFocus Inc, Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Oxidative Status before and after Renal Replacement Therapy: Differences between Conventional High Flux Hemodialysis and on-Line Hemodiafiltration

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto Navarro-García ◽  
Elena Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
Jennifer Aceves-Ripoll ◽  
Judith Abarca-Zabalía ◽  
Andrea Susmozas-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
On Line

Hemodialysis patients experience high oxidative stress because of systemic inflammation and depletion of antioxidants. Little is known about the global oxidative status during dialysis or whether it is linked to the type of dialysis. We investigated the oxidative status before (pre-) and after (post-) one dialysis session in patients subjected to high-flux dialysis (HFD) or on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF). We analyzed carbonyls, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity as oxidative markers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities as measures of antioxidant defense. Indices of oxidative damage (OxyScore) and antioxidant defense (AntioxyScore) were computed and combined into a global DialysisOxyScore. Both dialysis modalities cleared all markers (p < 0.01) except carbonyls, which were unchanged, and oxLDL, which increased post-dialysis (p < 0.01). OxyScore increased post-dialysis (p < 0.001), whereas AntioxyScore decreased (p < 0.001). XOD and catalase activities decreased post-dialysis after OL-HDF (p < 0.01), and catalase activity was higher after OL-HDF than after HFD (p < 0.05). TAC decreased in both dialysis modalities (p < 0.01), but remained higher in OL-HDF than in HFD post-dialysis (p < 0.05), resulting in a lower overall DialysisOxyScore (p < 0.05). Thus, patients on OL-HDF maintain higher levels of antioxidant defense, which might balance the elevated oxidative stress during dialysis, although further longitudinal studies are needed.

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