scholarly journals Maternal Microbiota, Cortisol Concentration, and Post-Partum Weight Recovery Are Dependent on Mode of Delivery

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Izaskun García-Mantrana ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
Cecilia Martínez-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Microbial Composition

The importance of the maternal microbiota in terms of the initial bacterial seeding has previously been highlighted; however, little is currently known about the perinatal factors that could affect it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various delivery-related factors on the intestinal microbiome at delivery time and on post-partum weight retention. Data were collected from mothers (n = 167) during the first four months post-partum. A subset of 100 mothers were selected for the determination of the salivary cortisol concentration and microbiome composition at birth by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The maternal microbiota was classified into two distinct clusters with significant differences in microbial composition and diversity. Maternal microbiota was also significantly influenced by the mode of delivery. Moreover, the salivary cortisol concentration was associated with some maternal microbiota genera and it was significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group (p = 0.003). The vaginal delivery group exhibited lower post-partum weight retention than the C-section (CS) mothers at four months post-partum (p < 0.001). These results support the hypothesis that the mode of delivery as well as the codominant hormonal changes could influence the maternal microbiota and possibly impact maternal weight recovery during the post-partum period.

scholarly journals Feeding a Low-protein Maternal Diet Affects Qinghai Bamei Piglet Jejunal Microbiome-metabolome Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Jin ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Cunming Ma ◽  
Jianlei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Suckling Piglets

Abstract This experiment investigated the impacts of feeding a maternal low-CP concentration diet having iso-essential amino acids on new born suckling piglets intestinal microbial composition and metabolic profiles. The Bamei swine breed was selected due to high meat quality and flavor, but demonstrates slower growth rates which may be related to jejunal nutrient supply. Forty randomly selected purebred Bamei sows were divided into two groups and fed a low dietary CP (12%, LP) or a normal CP (14%, CON) diet, respectively, but formulated to contain similar (iso-) essential amino acid concentrations per current recommendations. At 21 days, 12 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment and euthanized with jejunum content samples collected. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling were combined as an integrated approach for evaluating the functional impact of maternal CP concentrations on piglet intestinal microbiome. Even though piglets demonstrated similar 0 to 21 d ADG among treatments, the jejunum relative weight, villus width, crypt depth and muscular thickness were increased (P < 0.05), while villus height, and villus height:crypt depth were reduced (P < 0.05) for the material LP compared to the maternal fed CON diet. Maternal CP concentrations can modify the intestinal microbial composition of Bamei suckling piglets. The relative abundances of the bacterial species Escherichia-Shigella, Actinobacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Veillonella, and Turicibacter were increased (P < 0.05) in the maternal LP fed diet compared with the maternal fed CON diet. Jejunal digesta metabolomics analysis indicated that several amino acids were metabolized (i.e. cys, met, tyr phe and trp), biosynthesized (arg phe, tyr, and trp), or degraded (lys) were enriched (P < 0.05) for the maternal fed LP compared with the maternal fed CON. Correlation analysis demonstrated that certain intestinal bacterial genera were highly related to the histomorphology and altered intestinal microbiota metabolites. In conclusion, maternal dietary CP concentrations in excess of protein and amino acid requirements not only altered suckling Bamei piglets histomorphology, microbial composition and function, but also modulated jejunum microbial metabolic profiles, which aids in understanding the beneficial effects when feeding a maternal LP diet on piglet intestinal health.

scholarly journals Modulation of cytokine patterns and microbiome during pregnancy in IBD

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine van der Giessen ◽  
Dana Binyamin ◽  
Anna Belogolovski ◽  
Sigal Frishman ◽  
Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbiology ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Cytokine Levels

ObjectivePregnancy may affect the disease course of IBD. Both pregnancy and IBD are associated with altered immunology and intestinal microbiology. However, to what extent immunological and microbial profiles are affected by pregnancy in patients with IBD remains unclear.DesignFaecal and serum samples were collected from 46 IBD patients (31 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 15 UC) and 179 healthy controls during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, and prepregnancy and postpartum for patients with IBD. Peripheral blood cytokine profiles were determined by ELISA, and microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.ResultsProinflammatory serum cytokine levels in patients with IBD decrease significantly on conception. Reduced interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-5 levels but increased IL-8 and interferon (IFN)γ levels compared with healthy controls were seen throughout pregnancy, but cytokine patterns remained stable during gestation. Microbial diversity in pregnant patients with IBD was reduced compared with that in healthy women, and significant differences existed between patients with UC and CD in early pregnancy. However, these microbial differences were no longer present during middle and late pregnancy. Dynamic modelling showed considerable interaction between cytokine and microbial composition.ConclusionSerum proinflammatory cytokine levels markedly improve on conception in pregnant patients with IBD, and intestinal microbiome diversity of patients with IBD normalises during middle and late pregnancy. We thus conclude that pregnancy is safe and even potentially beneficial for patients with IBD.

scholarly journals Rapidly Processed Stool Swabs Approximate Stool Microbiota Profiles

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Bokulich ◽  
Juan Maldonado ◽  
Dae-Wook Kang ◽  
Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown ◽  
J. Gregory Caporaso
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Microbiota

ABSTRACTStudies of the intestinal microbiome commonly utilize stool samples to measure the microbial composition in the distal gut. However, collection of stool can be difficult from some subjects under certain experimental conditions. Sampling of fecal material using sterile swabs can streamline sample collection, handling, and processing. In this study, we validate the use of swabs of fecal matter to approximate measurements of microbiota in stool using 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing and evaluate the effects of shipping time at ambient temperatures on accuracy. The results indicate that swab samples reliably replicate the stool microbiota bacterial composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity when swabs are processed quickly (≤2 days) but that sample quality quickly degrades after this period and is accompanied by increased abundances ofEnterobacteriaceae. Fresh swabs appear to be a viable alternative to stool sampling when standard collection methods are challenging, but extended exposure to ambient temperatures prior to processing threatens sample integrity.IMPORTANCECollection of fecal swab samples simplifies handling, processing, and archiving compared to collection of stool. This study confirms that fecal swabs reliably replicate the bacterial composition and diversity of stool samples, provided that the swabs are processed shortly after collection. These findings support the use of fecal swabs, when shipping and handling are done properly, to streamline measurements of intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on mother’s milk microbiota at three months post-partum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren LeMay-Nedjelski ◽  
James Butcher ◽  
Sylvia H. Ley ◽  
Michelle R. Asbury ◽  
Anthony J. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status

Abstract Background: Few studies have examined how maternal body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery and ethnicity affect the microbial composition of human milk and none have examined associations with maternal metabolic status. Given the high prevalence of maternal adiposity and impaired glucose metabolism, and the importance of human milk in the colonization of the infant gut, we systematically investigated the associations between these maternal factors and milk microbial composition and functionality. Methods: Women ≥20 years were recruited during pregnancy and milk samples were collected at 3 months post-partum (NCT01405547). Demographic data, weight, height, and a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test were conducted at 30 (95% CI: 25-33) weeks gestation. Metagenomic DNA extraction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region (Illumina MiSeq) was carried out on 113 milk samples. Results: Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated no significant associations between maternal characteristics (maternal BMI [pre-pregnancy, 3 months post-partum], glucose tolerance, mode of delivery and ethnicity) and microbiota alpha-diversity; however, pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with human milk beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis p=0.040). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese) had a greater incidence of Bacteroidetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 3.70 [95% CI: 1.61-8.48]) and a reduced incidence of Proteobacteria (0.62 [0.43-0.90]), compared to overweight women (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) as assessed by multivariable Poisson regression. Increased incidence of Gemella was observed among overweight (versus healthy) mothers with gestational diabetes (5.96 [1.85-19.21]) and obese (versus healthy) mothers with impaired glucose tolerance (4.04 [1.63-10.01]). An increased incidence of Brevundimonas (16.70 [5.99-46.57]) was found in the milk of women who underwent an unscheduled C-section versus vaginal delivery. Lastly, functional gene inference demonstrated that obesity was associated with increased abundance of genes encoding for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in milk (coefficient=0.00028, p=0.0070). Conclusions: Mother’s milk has a diverse microbiota of which its diversity and differential abundance appear associated with maternal body size, glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery, and ethnicity. Further research is warranted to determine whether this variability in the milk microbiota impacts colonization of the infant gut.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Pola Menyusui Bulan Pertama Ibu Melahirkan Seksio Sesarea Dibandingkan Melahirkan Normal di Rumah Sakit Sayang Bayi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Winda Nurmayani ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Shinta Prawitasari
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

Background: exclusive breastfeeding should be provided until 6 months of age, but the fact proves that the pattern of breastfeeding has decreased. The pattern of the first month lactation is a critical period for the survival of the subsequent breastfeeding, so it is necessary to make efforts to maintain the duration of breastfeeding because the success of the first month breastfeeding will increase mothers’ confidence to continue breastfeeding.Objective: To determine differences in the pattern of the first month breastfeeding in mothers who gave birth by cesarean section compared to those by vaginal delivery in Rumah Sakit Sayang Bayi (Baby Friendly Hospital)Method: Type of research is comparative observational  with a prospective cohort design using a quantitative approach. The research was conducted in Baby Friendly Hospital of RSUD (General Hospital) Mataram City. Total sample 120 consisted of 60 mothers giving birth the caesarean section and 60 mothers vaginal delivery. The independent variable of giving birth by Cesarean Section and vaginal delivery, dependent variable pattern the first month of breastfeeding and external variables age, parity, employment, the incidence of antepartum and postpartum. The sampling technique using consecutive sampling. Analysis of the data used is univaribel, bivariate using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test and multivariable logistic regression and stratification testResult and Discussion: There was no significant correlation between the mode of delivery and the patterns of the first month breastfeeding by including a variable of employment with a value of OR (95% CI) = 1.6 (0.63 to 4.17) and there was a decrease in the value of OR (95% CI ) from 2.5 (1.05 to 5.94) to 1.6 (0.63 to 4.17); there was also no  significant correlation when involving the variable of the incidence of ante partum and post partum with the value of OR (95% CI) = 1.7 (0.45 to 6.26) and OR (95% CI) = 2.3 (0.96 to 5.53), respectively.Conclusion: : There is no difference patterns of breastfeeding mothers first month who gave birth cesarean section compared to normal birth. Caesarean section would affect the pattern of the first month breastfeeding if cesarean section deliveries occurred at housewives and mothers who did not experience the incidence of ante partum. Keywords: pattern of breastfeeding; vaginal deliveries; caesarean section; breast milk; 

scholarly journals The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Yelena Lapidot ◽  
Leah Reshef ◽  
Rebecca Goldsmith ◽  
Wasef Na’amnih ◽  
Eias Kassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition

The intestinal microbiome continues to shift and develop throughout youth and could play a pivotal role in health and wellbeing throughout adulthood. Environmental and interpersonal determinants are strong mediators of the intestinal microbiome during the rapid growth period of preadolescence. We aim to delineate associations between the gut microbiome composition, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake and socioeconomic status (SES) in a cohort of ethnically homogenous preadolescents. This cohort included 139 Arab children aged 10–12 years, from varying socioeconomic strata. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition was associated with SES, showing an overrepresentation of Prevotella and Eubacterium in children with lower SES. Higher BMI was associated with lower microbial diversity and altered taxonomic composition, including higher levels of Collinsella, especially among participants from lower SES. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the strongest predictor of bacterial alterations, including an independent association with Lachnobacterium and Lactobacillus. This study demonstrates that the intestinal microbiome in preadolescents is associated with socioeconomic determinants, BMI and dietary intake, specifically with higher consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, tailored interventions during these crucial years have the potential to improve health disparities throughout the lifespan.

Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm and term infants from birth through the first year of life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Soo Xi Yap ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Azanna Ahmad Kamar ◽  
Ivan Kok Seng Yap ◽  
Yao Mun Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Distinct Level

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence has shown a link between the perturbations and development of the gut microbiota in infants to their immediate and long-term health. In comparison to the healthy full-term neonate, preterm neonates experience disparate gut bacterial establishment (e.g. duration in the womb), colonisation (e.g. mode of delivery), and development (e.g. frequent use of antibiotics). To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, faecal samples were longitudinally collected from preterm (n = 19) and term (n = 20) infants, up to 12 months after birth. We characterised bacterial compositions by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 141) and metabolomics profiling (n = 141) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.Results: Significant differences in faecal bacterial composition between term and preterm infants were detected in sample collected in week 2, month 6 and month 12. Interestingly, separation of the bacterial composition between term and preterm infants was more pronounced at month 12 as compared to the earlier time-points, suggesting distinct level of microbial maturation in gut between the two groups. Intestinal microbiota of preterm neonates was consistently characterised by dominance of pathogenic bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family and a paucity of strictly anaerobic taxa including Veillonella and Bacteroides relative to infants born at term. Consistent result was observed in the stool NMR spectroscopy in which clear separation in stool metabolomics profiles was observed between the term and preterm neonates.Conclusion: Overall, we identified a panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates in the preterm infants’ stool, possibly indicating incomplete fermentation of complex polysaccharides in the guts of these infants. In contrast, the term infant stool had significantly higher levels of metabolites which are commonly found in milk such as fucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Birth weight was selected as the best explanatory variable for the metabolomics profiles, pointing to the strong relationship between protein synthesis, as well as fucose and BHBA in physical development. By following both term and preterm infants for 12 months, our study reported the dynamic of gut microbial composition and their contribution to metabolism and potential impact to growth in neonates.

scholarly journals Functional Anatomical Changes in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Determine Their Gut Microbiota Composition and Consequently the Possible Treatment Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Anita Bálint ◽  
Klaudia Farkas ◽  
Orsolya Méhi ◽  
Bálint Kintses ◽  
Bálint Márk Vásárhelyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Total Proctocolectomy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distinct Separation

Gut microbial composition alters in some special situations, such as in ulcerative colits (UC) after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery. The aim of our study was to determine the composition of the intestinal microbiome in UC patients after IPAA surgery, compared with UC patients, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients after IPAA surgery and healthy controls. Clinical data of patients, blood and faecal samples were collected. Faecal microbiota structure was determined by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Overall, 56 patients were enrolled. Compared to the Healthy group, both the Pouch active and UC active groups had higher Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae abundance. The Pouch and UC groups showed distinct separation based on their alpha and beta bacterial diversities. The UC group had higher Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae abundance compared to the Pouch active group. Pouch and FAP participants showed similar bacterial community composition. There was no significant difference in the bacterial abundance between the active and inactive subgroups of the Pouch or UC groups. Gut microbiome and anatomical status together construct a functional unit that has influence on diversity, in addition to intestinal inflammation that is a part of the pathomechanism in UC.

scholarly journals Rapidly processed stool swabs approximate stool microbiota profiles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Bokulich ◽  
Juan Maldonado ◽  
Dae-Wook Kang ◽  
Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown ◽  
J. Gregory Caporaso
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Standard Collection ◽  
Stool Microbiota

AbstractStudies of the intestinal microbiome commonly utilize stool samples to measure microbial composition in the distal gut. However, collection of stool can be difficult from some subjects under certain experimental conditions. In this study we validate the use of swabs of fecal matter to approximate measurements of microbiota in stool using 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing, and evaluate the effects of shipping time at ambient temperatures on accuracy. Results indicate that swab samples reliably replicate stool microbiota bacterial composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity when swabs are processed quickly (< 2 days), but sample quality quickly degrades after this period, accompanied by increased abundances of Enterobacteriaceae. Fresh swabs appear to be a viable alternative to stool sampling when standard collection methods are challenging, but extended exposure to ambient temperatures prior to processing threatens sample integrity.

scholarly journals A High Protein Calorie Restriction Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3221
Author(s):  
Tien S. Dong ◽  
Kayti Luu ◽  
Venu Lagishetty ◽  
Farzaneh Sedighian ◽  
Shih-Lung Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition

Background: High protein calorie restriction diets have shown clinical efficacy for obesity, but the mechanisms are not fully known. The intestinal microbiome is a mediator of obesity and preclinical data support an effect of high protein diet (HPD) on the gut microbiome of obesity, but there are few studies in humans. Methods: To address this, we conducted a dietary intervention trial of 80 overweight and obese subjects who were randomized to a calorie-restricted high protein diet (HPD) (30% calorie intake) or calorie-restricted normal protein diet (NPD) (15%) for 8 weeks. Baseline dietary intake patterns were assessed by the Diet History Questionnaire III. Longitudinal fecal sampling was performed at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 4, week 6, and week 8, for a total of 365 samples. Intestinal microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: At baseline, microbial composition was associated with fiber and protein intake. Subjects on the HPD showed a significant increase in microbial diversity as measured by the Shannon index compared to those on the NPD. The HPD was also associated with significant differences in microbial composition after treatment compared to the NPD. Both diets induced taxonomic shifts compared to baseline, including enrichment of Akkermansia spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and depletion of Prevotella spp. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that weight loss diets alter the gut microbiome in obesity and suggest differential effects of HPDs compared to NPDs which may influence the clinical response to HPD.

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