scholarly journals Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Fitness in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The Active Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Manzano-Carrasco ◽  
Jose Luis Felipe ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Antonio Hernandez-Martin ◽  
Leonor Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Study ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Optimal Adherence

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in body composition and physical fitness according to the weight status (normoweight, overweight and obese) and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD; low, medium or high), in physically active children and adolescents. Furthermore, this study also analyzed the relationship between body composition and physical fitness with Body Mass Index (BMI), fat mass and the level of adherence to the MD. In total, 1676 participants aged 6–17 from different municipal sports schools participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on adherence to the MD (a KIDMED questionnaire), anthropometric measurements, body composition and physical fitness parameters (the 20-m shuttle run test and muscular strength) were collected. A total of 43.5% of the sample were presented as overweight and obese, and only 35.7% had high or optimal adherence to the MD. The results revealed that a normoweight status was associated with greater cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.05; ES: 0.50 to 0.67) and lower-body muscular strength (p < 0.05; ES: 0.58 to 1.10). The overweight group showed more significant results than the other groups in handgrip strength (p < 0.01). Greater adherence to the MD in this population indicated better physical fitness, but only in boys. It is concluded that normoweight status and optimal adherence to the MD in children and adolescents are associated with health benefits, which are significant in the body composition and the effect on physical fitness.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet, Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Sevillian Adolescents: A Healthy Lifestyle

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Galan-Lopez ◽  
Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
Francis Ries ◽  
José Antonio González-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mediterranean

Childhood and adolescent obesity has become one of the most vital challenges to overcome in the present age. Physical fitness, physical activity and the Mediterranean diet (MD) are valuable tools for its prevention and treatment. The main objective of this study is to analyze the associations between health-related physical fitness components, body composition and adherence to the MD in 917 adolescents aged from 13- to 16-years-old. The ALPHA-Fitness Test was used to measure physical fitness and body composition, and the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED) questionnaire was employed to assess the adherence to the MD. The associations between variables were tested according to gender and age a generalized linear model (GLM) univariate analysis (two factors) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, with Bonferroni posthoc). As to the body composition and physical fitness variables, significant differences were obtained in both genders but not in relation to the adherence to the MD. The boys performed better in the physical fitness tests. Age was a determinant factor in adherence to the MD in the total sample, lowering as the age of the sample increases. Both the boys and girls who had a significantly higher performance in the endurance test were those who showed high/medium adherence to the MD. It is concluded that higher levels of cardiovascular endurance in boys and girls are associated with a medium and high adherence to the MD.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adherence to Healthy Eating Patterns in a Population of Children and Adolescents: Evidence on the Mediterranean Diet in the City of Mataró (Catalonia, Spain)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcila-Agudelo ◽  
Ferrer-Svoboda ◽  
Torres-Fernàndez ◽  
Farran-Codina
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
School Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Suboptimal Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Optimal Adherence

Despite its benefits, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is being abandoned or not adopted by young generations in most Mediterranean countries. In Spain, up to 69% of the child and adolescent population has been found to have suboptimal adherence to the MD. The aim of this study was to analyze which factors are associated with an optimal adherence to the MD in school-age children and adolescents from Mataró, Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1177 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years from Mataró. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED index) was used to evaluate adherence to a MD. We found that over 59% of subjects showed suboptimal adherence to a MD, with this prevalence being higher for secondary school than for primary school children. The factors positively associated with following an optimal MD were the mother’s education level, children at the primary school level, the absence of distractions at breakfast, and regular physical activity. The availability of spending money was negatively associated with the likelihood of optimal adherence to a MD. Future research should study more in-depth the possible causality between the factors studied and adherence to a MD.

scholarly journals Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Physical Fitness with Body Composition Parameters in 1717 European Adolescents: The AdolesHealth Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Galan-Lopez ◽  
Antonio J. Sanchez-Oliver ◽  
Maret Pihu ◽  
Thórdís Gísladóttír ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Mediterranean

Obesity, low levels of physical fitness, and unhealthy eating patterns are responsible for part of the health problems of adolescents today. The current study aimed at examining the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), through each answer to the items of the Adherence to the MD Questionnaire (KIDMED), and physical fitness with body composition parameters (body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, and waist circumference) in 1717 European adolescents (N = 900 boys, N = 817 girls). Data of body composition, physical fitness results, and the answers to KIDMED were analyzed by the Student’s t-test. Additionally, the effect size (ES) was calculated and a Chi-square test analyzed the proportion of participants with and without over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight in each KIDMED question. The relative risk of suffering over waist circumference, overfat and overweight in relation to the responses was calculated by Odd-Ratio. Adherence to the MD did not influence the condition of over waist circumference, overfat and overweight, although certain dietary habits were identified as risk factors for their development. Over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight boys and girls presented higher levels of body mass, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73–3.38), as well as lower levels of all the parameters of the physical fitness analyzed (p < 0.001; ES = 0.45–1.08), except the handgrip test. A direct relationship between fitness and over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight was found.

scholarly journals Screen Time and Parents’ Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Julia Wärnberg ◽  
Napoleón Pérez-Farinós ◽  
Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín ◽  
Santiago Felipe Gómez ◽  
Idoia Labayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Parents Education

The aim of this study is to evaluate if screen time and parents’ education levels are associated with adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study analyzed a representative sample of 3333 children and adolescents (8 to 16 years) included in the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS) study in Spain (which ran from March 2019 to February 2020). Data on screen time (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) per day, Mediterranean diet adherence, daily moderate or vigorous physical activity, and parents’ education levels were gathered using questionnaires. A descriptive study of the variables according to sex and parents’ education level was performed. Logistic regression models (adjusted by sex and weight status) were fitted to evaluate the independent association between screen time and Kids’ level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED) index, as well as some of its items. A greater amount of screen time was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet; a lower consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts; and a greater consumption of fast food, sweets, and candies. A lower parents’ education level was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to promote the responsible, limited use of screen time, especially in children with parents with a lower education level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Adolescents from Estonia: The AdolesHealth Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Galan-Lopez ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Maret Pihu ◽  
Thordis Gísladóttir ◽  
Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The City

Unhealthy lifestyles, low levels of physical fitness, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) are associated with bad quality of life and the development of a wide range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The current study aimed to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD in physical fitness performance and body composition parameters in children and adolescents of Estonia. Therefore, 413 adolescents (56% boys) from the city of Tartu completed the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire (KIDMED) for analyzing the adherence to MD and performed the Alpha Fitness Test for measuring physical fitness and body composition. A 41.67% of low, 44.05% of average, and 14.28% of high adherence to MD was detected, without difference between genders (p = 0.747). In the Alpha Fitness battery, a higher performance was observed in all tests for boys vs. girls (p < 0.05). In relation to body composition, higher height, weight, and waist values were observed in boys (p < 0.05) and a lower body fat percentage (p < 0.01) without differences in body mass index (BMI; p = 0.906). The adherence to the MD is classified as average/low. Gender significantly influences all variables of the Alpha Fitness battery and anthropometrics measures excepting BMI. According the levels of adherence to the MD, no statistically different prevalence was observed for Non-Overweight (N-Oweight), Non-Overfat (N-Ofat), or Non-Overwaist (N-Owaist). Still, a risk factor for Overweight (Oweight) in boys with low adherence was observed in comparison to those with a mid-level of adherence to the MD.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined Exercise on Muscular Strength and Physical Fitness of the Female Elderly Aged Over 80 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Gyu Kim ◽  
Kyung-Wan Baek ◽  
Changsu Sung ◽  
Jun-Il Yoo ◽  
Ji-Seok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Combined Exercise

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether combined exercise-mediated acquisition on the body composition, muscular strength, blood variables and physical fitness occur in female elderly aged over 80 years.METHODS: Total 63 elderly (Control group, CON, n=36; Exercise group, EXE, n=27) aged between 80 and 90 years participated in this study. EXE group performed combined exercise for an hour at a time, twice a week for 8 week.RESULTS: Body composition was not significantly changed before and after 8-week treatment in both groups. However, systolic blood pressure was increased and HDL-cholesterol was decreased in CON group. Also, muscular strengths in quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris and triceps brachii were significantly decreased in CON group, while there was no statistical change in EXE group. Fasting bloodglucose in EXE group was significantly decreased. Physical-fitness factors determined by senior fitness test were all significantly improved only in EXE group, while there was no change in CON group. These results suggest that combined exercise is very effective prescription in the super-aged elderly.CONCLUSIONS: Combined exercise is very effective prescription in the super-aged elderly. Based on our study, we propose that need to develop various programs using combined exercise for super-aged elderly.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Young Football Players: Influence of the 20 mSRT Score and Maturational Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Manzano-Carrasco ◽  
Jose Luis Felipe ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Antonio Hernandez-Martin ◽  
Leonor Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Maturational Stage ◽  
The Mediterranean

This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical fitness variables, body composition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the cardiorespiratory fitness and the maturational stage in young football players. A total of 194 male football players (aged 8–16) from three football sport schools participated in this study. Data on cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20-m shuttle run test), anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED questionnaire) were collected. Players were divided into two groups depending on their maturational stage (prepubertal n = 127 and pubertal n = 67). The results show a direct relationship between low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index, as well as body fat and leg fat. Similarly, players with lower cardiorespiratory fitness presented higher values of handgrip strength in the prepubertal state. On the other hand, improvements in respiratory values were observed in the pubertal state with the rest of the parameters when the cardiorespiratory fitness was increased. Therefore, the promotion of recreational football that encourage and develop cardiorespiratory fitness is a key factor and can be used as an effective sport activity to promote physical fitness and healthy habits in children and adolescents as well as within the population that is already physically active.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a School Population in the Principality of Asturias (Spain): Relationship with Physical Activity and Body Weight

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Iglesias ◽  
Sonia Álvarez-Pereira ◽  
Adonina Tardón ◽  
Benjamín Fernández-García ◽  
Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Optimal Adherence ◽  
Out Of School

The Mediterranean diet (MD), despite its multiple benefits, presents low levels of adherence among children. Moreover, childhood is a key stage in the acquisition of healthy habits. The aim of this study was to describe adherence to MD in school-age children from Asturias, Spain, and to evaluate the association with weight status and several lifestyle behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 children aged between 8 and 13 years old. The level of adherence to MD was evaluated through the KIDMED questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between adherence to MD and weight status, frequency of out-of-school exercise, frequency of school canteen attendance, and sleep habits. We found that 54.4% of children had optimal adherence to MD and 29.9% of the sample was overweight or obese. Frequency of exercise practice was positively associated with optimal adherence to MD (95% CI: 1.02, 1.33). A positive association was found between some KIDMED items and frequency of out-of-school exercise practice and attendance at the school canteen. This study shows the need for an improvement in the adherence to MD in youth considering the concomitant occurrence of other related healthy behaviors.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Fitness and the Effect of Exercise According to the Level of Childhood Obesity Using the MGPA Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Chae Kwan Lee ◽  
Young Kyun Sim ◽  
Jae-Hoon Lee ◽  
Jang Soo Yook ◽  
Soo-Min Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood obesity can lead to adulthood obesity with adverse effects. Since body composition and physical fitness differ depending on the obesity degree, a systemic analysis could help classify that degree. We used three study designs based on the obesity degree (body mass index [BMI] as a reference) for our objectives. First, we identified the relationship between body composition and physical fitness. Second, we determined the effects of exercise on body composition and physical fitness. Third, we performed a path analysis of the impact of exercise on body composition and physical fitness, and verified those effects among the groups. In study 1, 164 10-year-old subjects were divided into four groups: 33 in the normal weight (NO), 34 in overweight (OV), 54 in obesity (OB), and 43 in the severe obesity (SOB) group. In study 2, 101 participants from study 1 who wished to participate in the exercise program were divided into four groups (same criteria). The exercise program (three times a week for 60 min, for 16 weeks) consisted of sports and reinforcement exercises of increasing intensity. Body composition was measured by body weight, percentage of body fat (%BF), muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, physical fitness was measured by muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, agility, and balance. As a result, all body composition variables were higher in the SOB group than in the other groups. Physical fitness, muscular strength and balance, and agility were highest in the SOB, NO, and OV groups, respectively. Pearson’s correlation revealed that muscular strength was associated with height and body weight across all groups. Agility showed a negative correlation with %BF in the NO, OB, and SOB groups. SMM was positively correlated in the OB and SOB groups. After the exercise intervention, BMI and the %BF of the SOB group were significantly reduced (p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), while SMM presented a significant increase (p < 0.001). Height also showed a significant increase in all groups (p < 0.001). Among physical fitness variables, muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, and balance showed a significant increase in all groups, while a significant increase in power was observed in only the OB and SOB groups. As for the effects of the body composition on physical fitness after exercise intervention, the greatest impact was observed for balance, muscular strength and agility, and muscular endurance in NO, OV, and OB groups, respectively. In conclusion, the body composition, physical fitness relationship, and the effects of exercise intervention on them differed depending on the obesity degree. Furthermore, the results varied according to the obesity degree. Thus, our study highlights the importance of creating particular exercise programs for the effective prevention and treatment of childhood obesity considering the obesity degree.

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