scholarly journals Effects of Porphyra tenera Supplementation on the Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Hui-Yeon Jang ◽  
Eun-Soo Jung ◽  
Soon-Ok Noh ◽  
Sang-Wook Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Effector Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Porphyra Tenera ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if Porphyra tenera extract (PTE) has immune-enhancing effects and is safe in healthy adults. Methods: Subjects who met the inclusion criteria (3 × 103 ≤ peripheral blood leukocyte level ≥ 8 × 103 cells/µL) were recruited for this study. Enrolled subjects (n = 120) were randomly assigned to either the PTE group (n = 60) and were given 2.5 g/day of PTE (as PTE) in capsule form or the placebo group (n = 60) and were given crystal cellulose capsules with the identical appearance, weight, and flavor as the PTE capsules for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed based on measuring natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytokines level, and upper respiratory infection (URI), and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: Compared with baseline, NK cell activity (%) increased for all effector cell-to-target cell ratios in the PTE group after 8 weeks; however, changes were not observed in the placebo group (p < 0.10). Subgroup analysis of 101 subjects without URI showed that NK cell activity in the PTE group tended to increase for all effector cell/target cell (E:T) ratios (E:T = 12.5:1 p = 0.068; E:T = 25:1 p = 0.036; E:T = 50:1 p = 0.081) compared with the placebo group. A significant difference between the two groups was observed for the E:T = 25:1 ratio, which increased from 20.3 ± 12.0% at baseline to 23.2 ± 12.4% after 8 weeks in the PTE group (p = 0.036). A significant difference was not observed in cytokine between the two groups. Conclusion: PTE supplementation appears to enhance immune function by improving NK cell activity without adverse effects in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Effects of Porphyra tenera Supplementation on the Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Hui-Yeon Jang ◽  
Eun-Soo Jung ◽  
Soon-Ok Noh ◽  
Sang-Wook Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Porphyra Tenera ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if Porphyra tenera extract (PTE) has immune-enhancing effects and is safe in healthy adults. Methods: Subjects (3x103 &le; peripheral blood leukocyte levels &lt; 8x103 cells/&mu;l) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for this study. Enrolled subjects (n=120) were randomly assigned to either the PTE group (n=60) who were given 2.5 g/day of PTE (as Porphyra tenera extract) in capsule form or the placebo group (n=60) who were given crystal cellulose capsules with the identical appearance, weight, and flavor as the PTE capsules for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed by measuring natural killer cell (NK-cell) activity, cytokines, and upper respiratory infection (URI), and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: Compared to baseline, NK cell activity (%) increased for all effector cell to target cell ratios in the PTE group after 8 weeks, but there were no changes in the placebo group (p&lt;0.1). Subgroup analysis of 101 subjects without an URI revealed that NK-cell activity in the PTE group tended to be increased for all E:T ratios (E:T=12.5:1 p=0.068; E:T=25:1 p=0.036; E:T=50:1 p=0.081) compared to the placebo group. There was a significant difference between these two groups for the E:T=25:1 ratio, which increased from 20.3&plusmn;12.0% at baseline to 23.2&plusmn;12.4% after 8 weeks in the PTE group (p=0.036). There was no significant difference in levels of cytokines between these two groups. Conclusions: PTE supplementation appears to enhance immune function by improving NK-cell activity without adverse effects in healthy adults.

Thermal stresses reduce natural killer cell cytotoxicity

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Won ◽  
M. T. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Effector Target

The effects of different ambient temperatures (Ta) on the splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity, effector-target cell conjugation activity, and NK cell numbers were assessed in male inbred C3H/HeNCrj mice (7–10 wk old). The splenic NK cytotoxic activities were examined in a 4-h 51Cr release assay in mouse spleen cells that were obtained 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days after exposure to Ta of 22, 4, or 35 degrees C. The percentage of conjugating lymphocytes was calculated by counting the number of single lymphocytes bound to single target cells per 400 effector cells. The numbers of NK cells were expressed by the percentage of 5E6-positive cells. The 5E6 identifies only a subset of NK cells. It was found that the splenic NK cell activity, the effector-target cell conjugation activity, or the NK cell number began to fall 1 day after cold (Ta 4 degrees C) or heat (Ta 35 degrees C) stress. After a 16-day period of either cold or heat exposure, the fall in the splenic NK cell activity, the effector-target cell conjugation activity, or the number of 5E6-positive subsets of NK cells was still evident. Compared with those of the control group (Ta 22 degrees C), the cold-stressed mice had higher adrenal cortisol concentration and lower colonic temperature, whereas the heat-stressed animals had higher adrenal cortisol concentration and higher colonic temperature during a 16-day period of thermal exposure. However, neither cold nor heat stress affected both the body weight gain and the spleen weight in our mice.

N-acetylcysteine does not affect the lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity responses to exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. R1227-R1231
Author(s):  
H. B. Nielsen ◽  
N. H. Secher ◽  
M. Kappel ◽  
B. K. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ergometer Rowing

This study evaluated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates the reduced lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity responses to exercise in humans. Fourteen oarsmen were double-blind randomized to either NAC (6 g daily for 3 days) or placebo groups. During 6-min “all-out” ergometer rowing, the concentration of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased, with no significant difference between NAC and placebo as reflected in lymphocyte subsets: CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD19+ cells. The phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 9,112 ± 2,865 to 5,851 ± 1,588 cpm ( P < 0.05), but it was not affected by NAC. During exercise, the NK cell activity was elevated from 17 ± 3 to 38 ± 4% and it decreased to 7 ± 1% below the resting value 2 h into recovery. Yet, when evaluated as lytic units per CD16+ cell, the NK cell activity decreased during and after exercise without a significant effect of NAC. We conclude that NAC does not attenuate the reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity associated with intense exercise.

Modulation of Cytotoxic Processes by Platelet-Activating Factor

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
B. Pignol ◽  
H. Coulomb ◽  
S. Hénane ◽  
J.M. Mencia-Huerta ◽  
P. Braquet
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Macrophage Cytotoxicity ◽  
Shape Pattern ◽  
Effector Target

The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on rat NK cell activity, rat macrophage cytotoxicity and TNF production by rat macrophages and human monocytes was investigated. After a 4-h incubation period, PAF enhanced rat NK cell activity at the effector/target cell ratios of 50/1 and 25/1 in a bell-shape fashion and with a peak effect at 1 nM. After 24 h incubation with 1 μM PAF, rat macrophage cytotoxicity, as assessed at the 20/1 effector/target cell ratio, was also increased. Addition of PAF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rat macrophages or human monocytes markedly enhanced TNF production, whereas PAF alone was ineffective. This enhancement of the LPS-induced TNF production by PAF followed a bell-shape pattern and significant increases were noted at the 30 μM and 1 μM concentrations, as compared the release observed with human monocytes and rat macrophages stimulated with LPS alone, respectively. The effect of PAF on the LPS-induced TNF release from human monocytes appears to be mediated via the interaction of the autacoid with a specific receptor. Indeed, addition of the PAF antagonist, BM 52021 (10 μM), to the incubation medium inhibited by about 50% the enhancing effect fo the autacoid. The bulk of these results indicate that PAF may play a regulatory role in various cytotoxic processes.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of six probiotic strains on immune functionin vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglin Dong ◽  
Ian Rowland ◽  
Parveen Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Probiotic Strains

There is considerable interest in the strain specificity of immune modulation by probiotics. The present study compared the immunomodulatory properties of six probiotic strains of different species and two genera in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) modelin vitro. Live cells of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus caseiShirota,L. rhamnosusGG,L. plantarumNCIMB 8826 andL. reuteriNCIMB 11951) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longumSP 07/3 andB. bifidumMF 20/5) were individually incubated with PBMC from seven healthy subjects for 24 h. Probiotic strains increased the proportion of CD69+on lymphocytes, T cells, T cell subsets and natural killer (NK) cells, and increased the proportion of CD25+, mainly on lymphocytes and NK cells. The effects on activation marker expression did not appear to be strain specific. NK cell activity was significantly increased by all six strains, without any significant difference between strains. Probiotic strains increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α to different extents, but had no effect on the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 or TNF-β. The cytokines that showed strain-specific modulation included IL-10, interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. TheLactobacillusstrains tended to promote T helper 1 cytokines, whereas bifidobacterial strains tended to produce a more anti-inflammatory profile. The results suggest that there was limited evidence of strain-specific effects of probiotics with respect to T cell and NK cell activation or NK cell activity, whereas production of some cytokines was differentially influenced by probiotic strains.

Enzyme release assay of human NK cell activity using β-galactosidase-expressing K562 target cell line

1993 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ohmori ◽  
Hidenori Ikeda ◽  
Takahiro Tanigawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Takai ◽  
Masaki Hikida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Target Cell Line ◽  
Release Assay
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