scholarly journals The Characterization of Ground Raspberry Seeds and the Physiological Response to Supplementation in Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Michał Majewski ◽  
Ewa Kucharczyk ◽  
Roman Kaliszan ◽  
Michał Markuszewski ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Main Component

This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of ground raspberry seeds (RBS) as a source of polyphenols and essential fatty acids on blood plasma enzymatic antioxidant status, lipid profile, and endothelium-intact vasodilation during physiological and pathological conditions. Young normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at ten weeks of age were fed with either a control diet or were supplemented with added 7% RBS for six weeks (n = 6). The main component of RBS was dietary fiber (64%) and the main polyphenols were ellagitannins (1.2%) and flavan-3-ols (0.45%). Irrespective of the rat model, ground RBS decreased liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (0.9-fold) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity (Catalase, 0.9-fold). In supplemented SHRs, preincubation with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W, nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin, selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP), thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist SQ-29548, thromboxane synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, and 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 induced the same relaxant response to acetylcholine as in the nonsupplemented control group. In supplemented WKYs, atherogenic index was decreased (0.8-fold), while iNOS and COX-2-derived PGI2 increased acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. These effects of ground RBS may constitute a potential mechanism for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Arginine enhances embryo implantation in rats through PI3K/PKB/mTOR/NO signaling pathway during early pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfang Zeng ◽  
Xiangbing Mao ◽  
Zhimin Huang ◽  
Fenglai Wang ◽  
Guoyao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Our previous study has demonstrated that dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy enhanced embryo implantation in rats. However, the mechanism was not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism that arginine enhanced embryo implantation during early pregnancy. Rats were fed the basal diets supplemented with 1.3% (wt:wt)l-arginine–HCl or 2.2% (wt:wt)l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) once pregnancy. On d4 of pregnancy, rats were given intrauterine injection ofl-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, polyamine synthesis inhibitor), wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), or rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor). On d7 of pregnancy, rats were killed. Intrauterine injection ofl-NAME decreased the implantation sites, while dietary arginine supplementation increased the implantation sites. Intrauterine injection of DFMO decreased the pregnancy rate, which was reversed by dietary arginine supplementation. Intrauterine injection of rapamycin or wortmannin inhibited embryo implantation. However, dietary arginine supplementation did not reverse this inhibition. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of uterine p-PKB and p-S6K1 was greater in rats fed the arginine-supplemented diet in the presence ofl-NAME treatment compared with rats fed the control diet. In the presence of DFMO treatment, the expression of uterine iNOS and eNOS was significantly enhanced in the arginine group compared with the control group. Similarly, intrauterine injection of wortmannin or rapamycin decreased the expression of uterine iNOS and eNOS, which was enhanced by dietary arginine supplementation. These data indicated that dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy could enhance embryo implantation through stimulation of PI3K/PKB/mTOR/NO signaling pathway.

Simultaneous inhibition of TXA2 and PGI2 synthesis increases NO release in mesenteric resistance arteries from cirrhotic rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano E. Xavier ◽  
Javier Blanco-Rivero ◽  
Esther Sastre ◽  
Lina Badimón ◽  
Gloria Balfagón
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Thromboxane A2 Receptor ◽  
Vasodilator Response ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
No Release ◽  
Simultaneous Inhibition ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

Our present study examines, in mesenteric resistance arteries, possible vasodilation alterations, and the role of NO and COX (cyclo-oxygenase) derivatives, in cirrhosis. The vasodilator response to acetylcholine was analysed in segments from control and cirrhotic rats. The effects of the non-specific COX inhibitor indomethacin, the specific COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 and the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 were analysed in segments from both groups of rats. NO release was measured, and eNOS [endothelial NOS (NO synthase)], phospho-eNOS, iNOS (inducible NOS), COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression was also analysed. The effects of the TP receptor [TXA2 (thromboxane A2) receptor] antagonist SQ 29548, the TXA2 synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, the PGI2 (prostaglandin I2) synthesis inhibitor TCP (tranylcypromine) or TCP+furegrelate were only determined in segments from cirrhotic rats. The vasodilator response to acetylcholine was higher in segments from cirrhotic rats. Indomethacin, SC-560 and NS-398 did not modify the vasodilator response in control rats; however, indomethacin, NS-398 and TCP+furegrelate increased, whereas SC-560 did not modify and SQ 29548, furegrelate or TCP decreased, the vasodilator response to acetylcholine in cirrhotic rats. NO release was higher in cirrhotic rats. Furegrelate decreased, whereas TCP+furegrelate increased, the NO release in segments from cirrhotic rats. eNOS and COX-1 protein expression was not modified, whereas phosho-eNOS, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression was higher in cirrhotic rats. Therefore the increase in iNOS expression and eNOS activity may mediate increases in endothelial NO release. The COX-2 derivatives TXA2 and PGI2 may act simultaneously, producing a compensatory effect that reduces NO release and may limit the hyperdynamic circulation.

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase-2 in regulating the renal hemodynamic response to norepinephrine

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. R488-R493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth López ◽  
María T. Llinás ◽  
Francisco Roig ◽  
F. Javier Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Renal Vasculature ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Renal Hemodynamic ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Cox 2

We have reported that the renal hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine (NE) are modulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived metabolites. Our main objective was to examine whether there is an interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and COX-2 in modulating the renal hemodynamic effects of NE. NE was infused at three doses to anesthetized dogs pretreated with vehicle ( n = 8), a selective COX-2 inhibitor (nimesulide) ( n = 6), an NO synthesis inhibitor [ N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester;l-NAME] ( n = 8), or with nimesulide andl-NAME ( n = 5). During NE infusion, PGE2 excretion increased (125%) in the control group and did not change in the l-NAME-treated dogs. The simultaneous inhibition of NO and COX-2 potentiated to a greater extent the NE-induced renal vasoconstriction than inhibition of either NO or COX-2. The NE-induced renal vasoconstriction during NO and COX-2 inhibition was reduced ( P < 0.05) by infusing an AT1 receptor antagonist ( n = 6). These results suggest that there is an interaction between NO and COX-2 in protecting the renal vasculature from the NE effects and that angiotensin II partly mediates the NE-induced renal vasoconstriction when NO synthesis and COX-2 activity are reduced.

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor blocks rebound response after NO inhalation in an endotoxin model

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. H290-H298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luni Chen ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Enrique Fernandez Mondejar ◽  
Göran Hedenstierna
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

This study addressed the possible role of cyclooxygenase (COX) and its products in the rebound response to inhaled nitric oxide (INO). Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated piglets were exposed to endotoxin alone, endotoxin combined with INO, or endotoxin with INO plus the COX inhibitor diclofenac (3 mg/kg iv) ( n = 8 piglets/group). A control group of healthy pigs ( n = 6) was also studied. Measurements were made of blood gases, hemodynamic parameters, lung tissue COX expression, and plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), PGF2α, and 6-keto-PGF1α. Endotoxin increased lung inducible COX (COX-2) expression and circulating prostanoids concentrations. Inhalation of NO during endotoxemia increased the constitutive COX (COX-1) expression, and the circulating TxB2 and PGF2α increased further after INO withdrawal. The combination of COX inhibitor with INO blocked all these changes and eliminated the rebound reaction to INO withdrawal, which otherwise was seen in endotoxemic piglets given INO only. We conclude that the rebound response to INO discontinuation is related to COX products.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

A Randomized Controlled Study of the Effectiveness of Electrophysiological Monitoring of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Brain Damage of Various Origins

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-499
Author(s):  
Yuri Y. Kiryachkov ◽  
Marina V. Petrova ◽  
Bagautdin G. Muslimov ◽  
Sergey A. Bosenko ◽  
Mikhail M. Gorlachev
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Starting Dose

Background.At the same time, the main effect of the use of this drug is the elimination of the autonomic nervous system dysfunction and sympatholysis. It seems important to search for a method of indications and selection of a dose of dexmedetomidine in intensive care.Aims to improve the clinical effectiveness of the electrophysiological navigation of the prolonged use of dexmedetomidine in patients with brain pathology of various origins.Methods.The study included 83 patients 2050 days after the traumatic brain injury, anoxic damage; consequences of acute disorders of cerebral. 37 patients comprised the 1st intervention group with a clinical course of dexmedetomidine (male 28; female 9; average age 49.62.3 years) and 46 patients comprised the 2nd control group without pharmacological correction with dexmedetomidine (male 23; female 23, average age 512.5 years). Criteria for the inclusion of prolonged infusion of the drug dexmedetomidine (Orion Pharma, Finland) are based on heart rate variability (HRV) indicators characteristic of sympathetic hyperactivity, the target task of titration of doses of dexmedetomidine served as the parameters for achieving normal HRV indicators, the appearance of parasympathetic hyperactivity served as the basis for reducing the dosage of the drug or stopping it of application. HRV parameters were recorded before dexmetomedine infusion-initially, on 13; 45; 910; 1520 days of drug administration.Results.The starting dose of dexmedetomidine with sympathetic hyperactivity in patients was 0.12 to 0.24 g.kg1.hr1(average dose 0.160.01; total 200 mg/day). According to digital data from HRV, the effective dose of dexmedetomidine ED50 was 0.260.03 g.kg1.hr1(total daily 353.835.1 g) and was achieved on day 910 using dexmedetomidine.Conclusions.The protective role of dexmedetomidine with correction of sympathetic hyperactivity based on electrophysiological navigation according to the HRV is reliable in the following indicators: The improvement of consciousness; a significant decrease in the incidence of distress lung syndrome; septic shock; mortality.

Сочетанные генотипы генов, кодирующих белки холецистокининергической системы и ферменты фолатного цикла в значительной степени связаны с мигренью

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Azimova ◽  
E.A. Klimov ◽  
E.A. Naumova ◽  
Z.G. Kokaeva ◽  
A.I. Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maoa Gene ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
Combined Genotypes

Перспективным в изучении биомаркеров мигрени может быть многолокусный анализ, в частности, анализ частот сочетанных генотипов. Цель исследования - поиск составных генетических биомаркеров индивидуальной предрасположенности к мигрени, полученных на основе полиморфизмов генов, уже показавших статистическую значимость при однолокусном ассоциативном анализе. Методика. Обследовано 155 пациентов с мигренью (104 пациента с эпизодической мигренью, 51 - с хронической мигренью), наблюдавшихся в Университетской клинике головной боли (Москва). Все пациенты - представители белой расы, жители Московского региона. Возраст пациентов - 30-50 лет. Контроль составили 365 необследованных лиц (популяционный контроль). Выявление исследуемых 22 генов (всего 31 SNP) осуществляли методом ПЦР, ПЦР-ПДРФ, аллель-специфичной ПЦР и ПЦР в реальном времени. Выявление ассоциированных с мигренью сочетанных генотипов проводили с использованием программы анализа полигенных данных APSampler v3.6. Результаты. Выявлено 8 сочетанных генотипов с высокой статистически значимой ассоциацией с мигренью (ОШ>20,0). В состав сочетанных генотипов вошли гены: CCKAR, CCKBR, COMT, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR. Так же выявлено 4 защитных сочетанных генотипа (ОШ<0,02), основным в которых является ген MAOA. Заключение. Полученные данные об ассоциированных с мигренью сочетанных генотипах указывают на значимую роль в патогенезе заболевания 2 биохимических систем: 1) холецистокининергической системы, регулирующей выброс и обратный захват дофамина, и 2) фолатного цикла, в ходе работы которого гомоцистеин метаболизируется в метионин. Результаты, полученные в данном исследовании, позволяют говорить о защитной роли аллеля VNT:R4 гена MAOA.Multilocus analysis, specifically, analysis of combined genotype frequencies may be promising in studying migraine biomarkers. The aim of the study was to search for composite genetic biomarkers, which would predict individual predisposition to migraine, obtained on the basis of gene polymorphisms that have already shown a statistical significance in a single-locus associative analysis. Methods. 155 patients with migraine aging 41.7 ± 12.5 who had been followed up at the University Clinic of Headache, Moscow, were evaluated (104 patients with episodic migraine and 51 with chronic migraine). All patients were white and residents of the Moscow region. The control group included 365 unexamined individuals (population control). Identification of The 22 genes under study (total, 31 SNPs) were identified by PCR, PCR-RFLP, allele-specific PCR, and real-time PCR. Combined genotypes associated with migraine were identified using the APSampler v3.6 software for polygenic data analysis. Results. Eight combined genotypes were identified with a highly significant association with migraine (OR> 20.0). The combined genotypes included the CCKAR, CCKBR, COMT, MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR genes. Four protective combined genotypes were also identified (OS <0.02) with the MAOA gene as the major one. Conclusion. Our data on migraine-associated combined genotypes indicate a significant role in the migraine pathogenesis of two biochemical systems, i) the cholecystokininergic system that regulates the release and reuptake of dopamine, and ii) the folate cycle, where homocysteine is metabolized to methionine. The results obtained in this study suggest a protective role of the VNT: R4 allele of the MAOA gene.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

Effects ofS-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine on contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. R822-R829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-En Chen ◽  
Anthony V. Seaber ◽  
Rima M. Nasser ◽  
Jonathan S. Stamler ◽  
James R. Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Early Reperfusion ◽  
Reconstructive Operations

The ultimate goal of replantation and microsurgical reconstructive operations is to regain or improve impaired function of the tissue. However, the data related to the influence of NO on tissue function are limited. This study evaluated the effects of the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) on contractile function of skeletal muscle during reperfusion. Forty-nine rats were divided into six groups. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in groups I and II were not subjected to ischemia-reperfusion but were treated with a low (100 nmol/min) or high (1 μmol/min) dose of SNAC. In groups III- V, the EDL underwent 3 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion and was also treated with low (100 nmol/min) or high doses (1 or 5 μmol/min) of SNAC. Group VI was a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. Twenty additional animals were used to document systemic effects of SNAC and PBS only. SNAC or PBS was infused for 6.5 h, beginning 30 min before ischemia and continuing throughout the duration of reperfusion. Contractile testing compared the maximal twitch force, isometric tetanic contractile forces, fatigue, and fatigue half time of the experimental EDL and the contralateral nontreated EDL. The findings indicate that 1) SNAC does not influence contractile function of EDL muscle not subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, 2) SNAC significantly protects the contractile function of ischemic skeletal muscle against reperfusion injury in the early reperfusion period, and 3) the protective role of SNAC is critically dosage dependent; protection is lost at higher doses. The conclusion from this study is that supplementation with exogenous NO exerts a protective effect on the tissue against reperfusion injury.

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways with Glaucoma Risk and Phenotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Makedonka Atanasovska Velkovska ◽  
Katja Goričar ◽  
Tanja Blagus ◽  
Vita Dolžan ◽  
Barbara Cvenkel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gstm1 Gene ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
The Impact

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammation and oxidative stress genes on the risk of glaucoma, the patients’ clinical characteristics and the glaucoma phenotype. In total, 307 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled. The control group included 339 healthy Slovenian blood donors. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. Genotyping was performed for SOD2 rs4880, CAT rs1001179, GPX1 rs1050450, GSTP1 rs1695, GSTM1 gene deletion, GSTT1 gene deletion, IL1B rs1143623, IL1B rs16944, IL6 rs1800795 and TNF rs1800629. We found a nominally significant association of GSTM1 gene deletion with decreased risk of ocular hypertension and a protective role of IL1B rs16944 and IL6 rs1800629 in the risk of glaucoma. The CT and TT genotypes of GPX1 rs1050450 were significantly associated with advanced disease, lower intraocular pressure and a larger vertical cup–disc ratio. In conclusion, genetic variability in IL1B and IL6 may be associated with glaucoma risk, while GPX and TNF may be associated with the glaucoma phenotype. In the future, improved knowledge of these pathways has the potential for new strategies and personalised treatment of glaucoma.

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