scholarly journals Breast Cancer Prevention-Is there a Future for Sulforaphane and Its Analogs?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Dominika Kuran ◽  
Anna Pogorzelska ◽  
Katarzyna Wiktorska
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
The Impact

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. There are several recommended methods of breast cancer prevention, including chemoprevention. There are several approved drugs used to prevent breast cancer occurrence or recurrence and metastasizing. There are also a number of new substances undergoing clinical trials and at the stage of initial study. Studies suggest that dietary factors play a crucial role in breast cancer etiology. Epidemiological studies indicate that in particular vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are a rich source of chemopreventive substances, with sulforaphane (SFN) being one of the most widely studied and characterized. This review discusses potential applicability of SFN in breast cancer chemoprevention. A comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of SFN on molecular signalling pathways in breast cancer and breast untransformed cells is presented. The presented results of in vitro and in vivo studies show that this molecule has a potential to act as a preventive molecule either to prevent disease development or recurrence and metastasizing, and as a compound protecting normal cells against the toxic effects of cytostatics. Finally, the still scanty attempts to develop an improved analog are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of EGCG in Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Romano ◽  
Fátima Martelb
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Green tea has been studied for breast cancer chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects due to its high content in polyphenolic compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Method: This review is based on a literature research that included papers registered on the Medline database. The research was conducted through PubMed, with the application of the following query: “EGCG”AND "breast cancer”. The result was a total of 88 articles in which this review stands on. Results: In vitro, EGCG shows antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties, depending on the concentration and exposure time. EGCG blocks cell cycle progression and modulates signaling pathways that affects cell proliferation and differentiation. EGCG also induces apoptosis, negatively modulates different steps involved in metastasis and targets angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF transcription. In vivo, investigations have shown that oral administration of EGCG results in reduction of tumor growth and in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects in animal xenograft and allograft models. Discussion: Much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of EGCG on mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, more studies in vivo are necessary to determine the potential toxicity of EGCG at higher doses and to elucidate its interactions with other drugs. Conclusion: A protective effect of EGCG has been shown in different experimental models and under different experimental conditions, suggesting clinical implications of EGCG for breast cancer prevention and therapy. The data presented in this review support the importance of further investigations.

The Impact of Polyphenolic in The Management of Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Aspects and Recent Patents

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba A.S. El-Nashar ◽  
Shaza H. Aly ◽  
Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽  
Mohamed El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
The Impact

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in women (2.1 million) and stands as the fifth leading cause of death. Several treatment strategies are available such as surgical resection, radiation, hormonal therapy, and conventional chemotherapy that are associated with severe adverse effects on the patients. Objective: This review aims to summarize the different studies (in vitro, in vivo, and new patents) concerning the therapeutic potential of plant polyphenolics in the management of breast cancer published in the period from January 2016 to January 2021. Moreover, this review will focus on the underlying mechanism of action and molecular characteristics of these compounds. Methods: The data of this review were collected from different scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholarship, sci-finder, and Egyptian Knowledge bank (EKB). Results: During the last period (2016-2021), the in vitro studies investigated about 52 natural compounds of polyphenolic nature with promising anti-breast cancer, while fourteen compounds were reported via in vivo studies. Besides, there were about fifteen compounds registered as patent drugs. Different mechanisms of action and molecular targets were reported to provide a great clarified base and precise reflection for the anticancer properties of these compounds against breast cancer. Conclusion: Polyphenolics represent a plentiful sources of anticancer lead compounds that stand against the progression of breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

scholarly journals Selective Targeting of Breast Cancer by Tafuramycin a Using SMA-Nanoassemblies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. El-Deeb ◽  
Valeria Pittala ◽  
Diab Eltayeb ◽  
Khaled Greish
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Tumor Accumulation

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of tumors that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein. The mainstay of treatment remains chemotherapy, but the therapeutic outcome remains inadequate. This paper investigates the potential of a duocarmycin derivative, tafuramycin A (TFA), as a new and more effective chemotherapy agent in TNBC treatment. To this extent, we optimized the chemical synthesis of TFA, and we encapsulated TFA in a micellar system to reduce side effects and increase tumor accumulation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that both TFA and SMA–TFA possess high anticancer effects in TNBC models. Finally, the encapsulation of TFA offered a preferential avenue to tumor accumulation by increasing its concentration at the tumor tissues by around four times in comparison with the free drug. Overall, the results provide a new potential strategy useful for TNBC treatment.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

scholarly journals CD44 Targeted Nanomaterials for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Ghazal Nabil ◽  
Rami Alzhrani ◽  
Hashem Alsaab ◽  
Mohammed Atef ◽  
Samaresh Sau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Ongoing Research

Identified as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American women after lung cancer, breast cancer of all types has been the focus of numerous research studies. Even though triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15–20% of the number of breast cancer cases worldwide, its existing therapeutic options are fairly limited. Due to the pivotal role of the presence/absence of specific receptors to luminal A, luminal B, HER-2+, and TNBC in the molecular classification of breast cancer, the lack of these receptors has accounted for the aforementioned limitation. Thereupon, in an attempt to participate in the ongoing research endeavors to overcome such a limitation, the conducted study adopts a combination strategy as a therapeutic paradigm for TNBC, which has proven notable results with respect to both: improving patient outcomes and survivability rates. The study hinges upon an investigation of a promising NPs platform for CD44 mediated theranostic that can be combined with JAK/STAT inhibitors for the treatment of TNBC. The ability of momelotinib (MMB), which is a JAK/STAT inhibitor, to sensitize the TNBC to apoptosis inducer (CFM-4.16) has been evaluated in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. MMB + CFM-4.16 combination with a combination index (CI) ≤0.5, has been selected for in vitro and in vivo studies. MMB has been combined with CD44 directed polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) loaded with CFM-4.16, namely CD44-T-PNPs, which selectively delivered the payload to CD44 overexpressing TNBC with a significant decrease in cell viability associated with a high dose reduction index (DRI). The mechanism underlying their synergism is based on the simultaneous downregulation of P-STAT3 and the up-regulation of CARP-1, which has induced ROS-dependent apoptosis leading to caspase 3/7 elevation, cell shrinkage, DNA damage, and suppressed migration. CD44-T-PNPs showed a remarkable cellular internalization, demonstrated by uptake of a Rhodamine B dye in vitro and S0456 (NIR dye) in vivo. S0456 was conjugated to PNPs to form CD44-T-PNPs/S0456 that simultaneously delivered CFM-4.16 and S0456 parenterally with selective tumor targeting, prolonged circulation, minimized off-target distribution.

The impact of breast cancer awareness and socioeconomic status on willingness to receive breast cancer prevention drugs

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Fasching ◽  
Gunter von Minckwitz ◽  
Thorsten Fischer ◽  
Manfred Kaufmann ◽  
Beate Schultz-Zehden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Breast Cancer Awareness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

scholarly journals Role of estrogen receptor coregulators in endocrine resistant breast cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 385-400
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Altwegg ◽  
Ratna K. Vadlamudi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Current State ◽  
Er Alpha

Breast cancer (BC) is the most ubiquitous cancer in women. Approximately 70-80% of BC diagnoses are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα). The steroid hormone estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] plays a vital role both in the initiation and progression of BC. The E2-ERα mediated actions involve genomic signaling and non-genomic signaling. The specificity and magnitude of ERα signaling are mediated by interactions between ERα and several coregulator proteins called coactivators or corepressors. Alterations in the levels of coregulators are common during BC progression and they enhance ligand-dependent and ligand-independent ERα signaling which drives BC growth, progression, and endocrine therapy resistance. Many ERα coregulator proteins function as scaffolding proteins and some have intrinsic or associated enzymatic activities, thus the targeting of coregulators for blocking BC progression is a challenging task. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that targeting coregulators to inhibit BC progression to therapy resistance is feasible. This review explores the current state of ERα coregulator signaling and the utility of targeting the ERα coregulator axis in treating advanced BC.

scholarly journals Impact of the Order of Initiation of Fluconazole and Amphotericin B in Sequential or Combination Therapy on Killing of Candida albicans In Vitro and in a Rabbit Model of Endocarditis and Pyelonephritis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Louie ◽  
Pamela Kaw ◽  
Partha Banerjee ◽  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
George Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In vitro time-kill studies and a rabbit model of endocarditis and pyelonephritis were used to define the impact that the order of exposure of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB), as sequential and combination therapies, had on the susceptibility of C. albicans to AMB and on the outcome. The contribution of FLC-induced resistance to AMB for C. albicans also was assessed. In vitro, AMB monotherapy rapidly killed each of four C. albicans strains; FLC alone was fungistatic. Preincubation of these fungi with FLC for 18 h prior to exposure to AMB decreased their susceptibilities to AMB for 8 to >40 h. Induced resistance to AMB was transient, but the duration of resistance increased with the length of FLC preincubation. Yeast sequentially incubated with FLC followed by AMB plus FLC (FLC→AMB+FLC) showed fungistatic growth kinetics similar to that of fungi that were exposed to FLC alone. This antagonistic effect persisted for at least 24 h. Simultaneous exposure of C. albicans to AMB and FLC [AMB+FLC(simult)] demonstrated activity similar to that with AMB alone for AMB concentrations of ≥1 μg/ml; antagonism was seen using an AMB concentration of 0.5 μg/ml. The in vitro findings accurately predicted outcomes in our rabbit infection model. In vivo, AMB monotherapy and treatment with AMB for 24 h followed by AMB plus FLC (AMB→AMB+FLC) rapidly sterilized kidneys and cardiac vegetations. AMB+FLC(simult) and FLC→AMB treatments were slower in clearing fungi from infected tissues. FLC monotherapy and FLC→AMB+FLC were both fungistatic and were the least active regimens. No adverse interaction was observed between AMB and FLC for the AMB→FLC regimen. However, FLC→AMB treatment was slower than AMB alone in clearing fungi from tissues. Thus, our in vitro and in vivo studies both demonstrate that preexposure of C. albicans to FLC reduces fungal susceptibility to AMB. The length of FLC preexposure and whether AMB is subsequently used alone or in combination with FLC determine the duration of induced resistance to AMB.

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