scholarly journals Histidine: A Systematic Review on Metabolism and Physiological Effects in Human and Different Animal Species

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
Philippe Schmidely ◽  
Tristan-Chalvon Demersay ◽  
Dalila Azzout-Marniche
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Meta Analyses

Histidine is an essential amino acid (EAA) in mammals, fish, and poultry. We aim to give an overview of the metabolism and physiological effects of histidine in humans and different animal species through a systematic review following the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). In humans, dietary histidine may be associated with factors that improve metabolic syndrome and has an effect on ion absorption. In rats, histidine supplementation increases food intake. It also provides neuroprotection at an early stage and could protect against epileptic seizures. In chickens, histidine is particularly important as a limiting factor for carnosine synthesis, which has strong anti-oxidant effects. In fish, dietary histidine may be one of the most important factors in preventing cataracts. In ruminants, histidine is a limiting factor for milk protein synthesis and could be the first limiting AA for growth. In excess, histidine supplementation can be responsible for eating and memory disorders in humans and can induce growth retardation and metabolic dysfunction in most species. To conclude, the requirements for histidine, like for other EAA, have been derived from growth and AA composition in tissues and also have specific metabolic roles depending on species and dietary levels.

scholarly journals Impact of Chemotherapy in the Adjuvant Setting of Early Stage Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rizzo ◽  
Margherita Nannini ◽  
Annalisa Astolfi ◽  
Valentina Indio ◽  
Pierandrea De Iaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence Rate ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Although the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) appears to be increasing over the past few years, several clinical trials and previous meta-analyses failed to determine whether AC could improve clinical outcomes in uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare AC (with or without radiotherapy) versus observation (obs) after primary surgery in early stage uLMS. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) were retrieved. Outcomes of interest were as follows: distant recurrence rate, locoregional recurrence rate and overall recurrence rate. Results about distant recurrence rate, locoregional recurrence rate and overall recurrence rate were compared by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); ORs were combined with Mantel–Haenszel method. Results: Nine studies were included in the analysis, involving 545 patients (AC: 252, obs: 293). Compared with obs, AC did not reduce locoregional and distant recurrence rate, with a pooled OR of 1.36 and 0.63, respectively. Similarly, administration of AC did not decrease overall recurrence rate in comparison to obs. Conclusion: According to our results, AC (with or without radiotherapy) did not decrease recurrence rate in early stage uLMS; thus, the role of AC in this setting remains unclear.

Relatively Poor Survival of Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma in Advanced Stage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Simons ◽  
Leon Massuger ◽  
Jolien Bruls ◽  
Johan Bulten ◽  
Steven Teerenstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Worse Prognosis

ObjectiveOverall, patients with mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) are considered to have a better prognosis compared with the whole group of nonmucinous carcinomas. However, some studies indicate that patients with advanced-stage MOC might have a worse prognosis than those with advanced-stage serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC). We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was carried out identifying 19 articles that compare survival of patients with MOC and patients with SOC. Meta-analyses were performed for risk ratio (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) for all International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages together, as well as for early- and advanced-stage diseases separately.ResultsOverall, patients with MOC showed a lower risk of dying within 5 years (RR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.69; n = 45 333) and a longer survival (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58–0.75; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98, for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively; n = 5540) compared with those with SOC. In contrast, in advanced-stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III and IV) disease, patients with MOC have a higher risk of dying within 5 years (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.13–1.17; n = 36 113) and a shorter survival (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.71–1.94; n = 19 907).ConclusionsPatients with advanced-stage MOC have a significantly worse prognosis compared with patients with SOC, whereas in early stage, the prognosis of patients with MOC is better.

scholarly journals The Use and Impact of Cognitive Enhancers among University Students: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Safia Sharif ◽  
Amira Guirguis ◽  
Suzanne Fergus ◽  
Fabrizio Schifano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cognitive Enhancers ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Cognitive enhancers (CEs), also known as “smart drugs”, “study aids” or “nootropics” are a cause of concern. Recent research studies investigated the use of CEs being taken as study aids by university students. This manuscript provides an overview of popular CEs, focusing on a range of drugs/substances (e.g., prescription CEs including amphetamine salt mixtures, methylphenidate, modafinil and piracetam; and non-prescription CEs including caffeine, cobalamin (vitamin B12), guarana, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and vinpocetine) that have emerged as being misused. The diverted non-prescription use of these molecules and the related potential for dependence and/or addiction is being reported. It has been demonstrated that healthy students (i.e., those without any diagnosed mental disorders) are increasingly using drugs such as methylphenidate, a mixture of dextroamphetamine/amphetamine, and modafinil, for the purpose of increasing their alertness, concentration or memory. Aim: To investigate the level of knowledge, perception and impact of the use of a range of CEs within Higher Education Institutions. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Whilst 1400 studies were identified within this study through a variety of electronic databases (e.g., 520 through PubMed, 490 through Science Direct and 390 through Scopus), 48 papers were deemed relevant and were included in this review. Results: The most popular molecules identified here included the stimulant CEs, e.g., methylphenidate, modafinil, amphetamine salt mixtures and caffeine-related compounds; stimulant CEs’ intake was more prevalent among males than females; drugs were largely obtained from friends and family, as well as via the Internet. It is therefore suggested that CEs are increasingly being used among healthy individuals, mainly students without any diagnosed cognitive disorders, to increase their alertness, concentration, or memory, in the belief that these CEs will improve their performance during examinations or when studying. The impact of stimulant CEs may include tolerance, dependence and/or somatic (e.g., cardiovascular; neurological) complications. Discussion: The availability of CEs for non-medical indications in different countries is influenced by a range of factors including legal, social and ethical factors. Considering the risk factors and motivations that encourage university students to use CE drugs, it is essential to raise awareness about CE-related harms, counteract myths regarding “safe” CE use and address cognitive enhancement in an early stage during education as a preventative public health measure.

Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs for patients with generalized epileptic seizures: systematic review and network meta-analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Silveira de Almeida Campos ◽  
Lorena Rocha Ayres ◽  
Manuela Roque Siane Morelo ◽  
Fabiana Angelo Marques Carizio ◽  
Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analyses

Psychological and Cognitive Aspects of Borderline Intellectual Functioning

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastianina Contena ◽  
Stefano Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Borderline Intellectual Functioning ◽  
General Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) refers to a global IQ ranging from 71 to 84, and it represents a condition of clinical attention for its association with other disorders and its influence on the outcomes of treatments and, in general, quality of life and adaptation. Furthermore, its definition has changed over time causing a relevant clinical impact. For this reason, a systematic review of the literature on this topic can promote an understanding of what has been studied, and can differentiate what is currently attributable to BIF from that which cannot be associated with this kind of intellectual functioning. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we have conducted a review of the literature about BIF. The results suggest that this condition is still associated with mental retardation, and only a few studies have focused specifically on this condition.

Vaccination in childhood and the risk of childhood cancer – a systematic review and meta-analyses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sadre Dadras ◽  
LK Brackmann ◽  
I Langner ◽  
U Haug ◽  
W Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Meta Analyses
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