scholarly journals Exploring the Provider-Level Socio-Demographic Determinants of Diet Quality of Preschool-Aged Children Attending Family Childcare Homes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Tovar ◽  
Patricia Markham Risica ◽  
Andrea Ramirez ◽  
Noereem Mena ◽  
Ingrid E. Lofgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Family Childcare

Since food preferences develop during early childhood and contribute to dietary patterns that can track into adulthood, it is critical to support healthy food environments in places where children spend significant amounts of time in, such as childcare. It is important to understand what factors influence the diet quality of children cared for in family childcare homes (FCCH). Methods: This study used baseline data from a cluster-randomized trial in FCCH, Healthy Start/Comienzos Sanos. Surveys capturing providers’ socio-demographic characteristics were completed. Food and beverage consumptions were estimated using the Dietary Observation in Childcare protocol, and diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. Comparison of mean HEI scores by provider socio-demographic variables were completed using ANOVAs, followed by multiple linear regression models for significant variables. Post-hoc ANOVA models compared mean HEI-2015 sub-components by income and ethnicity. Results: Significant differences in mean HEI-2015 scores were found for provider income level (less than $25,000, HEI: 64.8 vs. $25,001–$50,000: 62.9 vs. $75,001 or more: 56.2; p = 0.03), ethnicity (Non-Latinx: 56.6 vs. Latinx: 64.4; p = 0.002), language spoken outside of childcare (English: 58.6 vs. Spanish: 64.3, p = 0.005), and language spoken in childcare (English: 59.6 vs. Spanish: 64.4; p = 0.02). In linear regression models, a higher provider income ($75,001 or more) was negatively and significantly associated with the total HEI-2015 scores (β = −9.8, SE = 3.7; p = 0.009) vs. lower income (less than $25,000). When entering provider income and ethnicity to the same model, adjusting for Child and Adult Food Program (CACFP), only ethnicity was significant, with Latinx being positively associated with total HEI-2015 scores vs. non-Latinx (β = 6.5, SE = 2.4; p = 0.007). Statistically significant differences were found by ethnicity and language for greens/beans, total protein, and seafood and plant protein HEI-2015 component scores. Discussion: Lower income, and Latinx providers cared-for children had higher diet quality in FCCH compared to the other providers. Future studies should better understand what specific foods contribute to each of the HEI-2015 components in order to better tailor trainings and interventions.

More frequent cooking at home is associated with higher Healthy Eating Index-2015 score

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2384-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A Wolfson ◽  
Cindy W Leung ◽  
Caroline R Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between cooking frequency and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, overall and by income, among US adults.Design:Cross-sectional analysis using multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between cooking frequency and total HEI-2015 score adjusted for sociodemographic variables, overall and stratified by income.Setting:Nationally representative survey data from the USA.Participants:Adults aged ≥20 years (with 2 d of 24 h dietary recall data) obtained from the 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n 8668).Results:Compared with cooking dinner 0–2 times/week, greater cooking frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 score overall (≥7 times/week: +3·57 points, P < 0·001), among lower-income adults (≥7 times/week: +2·55 points, P = 0·001) and among higher-income adults (≥7 times/week: +5·07 points, P < 0·001). Overall, total HEI-2015 score was higher among adults living in households where dinner was cooked ≥7 times/week (54·54 points) compared with adults living in households where dinner was cooked 0–2 times/week (50·57 points). In households in which dinner was cooked ≥7 times/week, total HEI-2015 score differed significantly based on income status (lower-income: 52·51 points; higher-income: 57·35 points; P = 0·003). Cooking frequency was associated with significant differences in HEI-2015 component scores, but associations varied by income.Conclusions:More frequent cooking at home is associated with better diet quality overall and among lower- and higher-income adults, although the association between cooking and better diet quality is stronger among high-income adults. Strategies are needed to help lower-income Americans consume a healthy diet regardless of how frequently they cook at home.

scholarly journals Analysis of injected cement volume and clinical outcomes following kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mitchell Self ◽  
James Mooney ◽  
John Amburgy ◽  
Bonita Agee ◽  
Leah Schoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Patient Outcome Measures

Background: It has been suggested that greater volumes of cement injected during kyphoplasty correlate with improved vertebral body height restoration and kyphotic angulation correction. However, there is little evidence tying cement volume to patient outcomes. Here, we analyzed the association between cement volume and outcome utilizing indices of pain, disability, and quality of life. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six patients undergoing kyphoplasty were analyzed retrospectively. The total volume of bone cement injected was recorded intraoperatively for each patient; the average total cement volume was 5.44 cc. Pre- and postoperative outcome indices were documented, using the visual analog scale (VAS), Roland-Morris disability index (RMDI), and the EuroQol 5 Dimension instrument (EQ5D). Pearson’s correlations and linear regression models were derived for the association of total cement volume with each of the patient outcome measures. This was a retrospective cohort study. Results: The average change in VAS, RMDI, and EQ5D scores for all patients was −6.8, +8.3, and +0.41, respectively. For VAS, RMDI, and EQ5D improvements, neither Pearson’s correlations nor multiple linear regression models revealed a correlation or an association with total cement volume. Conclusion: For patients undergoing kyphoplasty, outcomes were not associated with the total injected cement volume; all had a significant reduction in pain and most exhibited decreased disability with improved quality of life.

scholarly journals Differences in Diet Quality between School Lunch Participants and Nonparticipants in the United States by Income and Race

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3891
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Gearan ◽  
Kelley Monzella ◽  
Leah Jennings ◽  
Mary Kay Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Hispanic White

Prior research has shown that participation in the United States’ National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is associated with consuming higher-quality lunches and diets overall, but little is known about differences by income and race/ethnicity. This analysis used 24 h dietary recall data from the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study to examine how NSLP participation affects the diet quality of students in different income and racial/ethnic subgroups. Diet quality at lunch and over 24 h was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, where higher scores indicate higher-quality intakes. HEI-2010 scores for NSLP participants and nonparticipants in each subgroup were estimated, and two-tailed t-tests were conducted to determine whether participant–nonparticipant differences in scores within each subgroup were statistically significant. NSLP participants’ lunches received significantly higher total HEI-2010 scores than those of nonparticipants for lower-income, higher-income, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black students, suggesting that participating in the NSLP helps most students consume healthier lunches. These significantly higher total scores for participants’ lunch intakes persisted over 24 h for higher-income students and non-Hispanic White students but not for lower-income students or students of other races/ethnicities. For NSLP participants in all subgroups, the nutritional quality of their 24 h intakes was much lower than at lunch, suggesting that the positive influence of the NSLP on their overall diet quality was negatively influenced by foods consumed the rest of the day (outside of lunch).

Processing level and diet quality of the US grocery cart: is there an association?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2357-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippa Juul ◽  
Bárbara dos Santos Simões ◽  
Jacqueline Litvak ◽  
Euridice Martinez-Steele ◽  
Andrea Deierlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjective:The majority of groceries purchased by US households are industrially processed, yet it is unclear how processing level influences diet quality. We sought to determine if processing level is associated with diet quality of grocery purchases.Design:We analysed grocery purchasing data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey 2012–2013. Household grocery purchases were categorized by the NOVA framework as minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods or ultra-processed foods. The energy share of each processing level (percentage of energy; %E) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) component and total scores were calculated for each household’s purchases. The association between %E from processed foods and ultra-processed foods, respectively, and HEI-2015 total score was determined by multivariable linear regression. Foods purchased by households with the highest v. lowest ultra-processed food purchases and HEI-2015 total score &lt;40 v. ≥60 were compared using linear regression.Setting:USA.Participants:Nationally representative sample of 3961 households.Results:Processed foods and ultra-processed foods provided 9·2 (se 0·3) % and 55·8 (se 0·6) % of purchased energy, respectively. Mean HEI-2015 score was 54·7 (se 0·4). Substituting 10 %E from minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients for ultra-processed foods decreased total HEI-2015 score by 1·8 points (β = −1·8; 95 % CI −2·0, −1·5). Processed food purchases were not associated with diet quality. Among households with high ultra-processed food purchases, those with HEI-2015 score &lt;40 purchased less minimally processed plant-foods than households with HEI-2015 score ≥60.Conclusions:Increasing purchases of minimally processed foods, decreasing purchases of ultra-processed foods and selecting healthier foods at each processing level may improve diet quality.

scholarly journals Exploring Provider-Level Socio-Demographic Determinants of Diet Quality of Preschool Aged Children Attending Family Child Care Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1090
Author(s):  
Alison Tovar ◽  
Patricia Risica ◽  
Andrea Ramirez ◽  
Noereem Mena ◽  
Ingrid Lofgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Child Care ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Family Child Care Homes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

Abstract Objectives To measure the dietary quality of meals and snacks consumed by preschool-aged children (2- to -5 years old) in family child care homes (FCCH) and explore whether dietary quality differs by sociodemographic characteristics and acculturation of FCCH providers. Methods This study used baseline data from a cluster-randomized trial, Healthy Start/Comienzos Sanos. Surveys including demographic characteristics were completed with FCCH providers. Food and beverage consumption was measured using the Dietary Observation in Child Care, then Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores were calculated. Differences in mean HEI-2015 scores by sociodemographic characteristics were calculated using one-way ANOVAs. Multiple linear regression models were then fit for statistically significant variables. Post-hoc ANOVA's were run to explore mean differences by HEI sub-components. Results There were statistically significant differences in mean total HEI scores by income (&lt;$25,000: HEI: 64.8 vs. $25,001-$50,000: 62.9 vs. $75,001 or more: 56.2, P = 0.03); ethnicity (Latinx: 64.4 vs. Non-Latinx: 56.6, P = 0.002); language spoken in childcare (Spanish: 64.4 vs. English: 59.6, P = 0.02); language spoken outside of childcare (Spanish: 64.3; vs. English: 58.6, P = 0.005). Results from multiple linear regression models revealed that higher provider income ($75,001 or more) was negatively and significantly associated with total HEI scores (b = −9.8, SE = 3.7, P = 0.009) vs. lower income (less than $25,000). There were also differences in the HEI greens/beans, total protein, and seafood/plant protein scores across ethnicity and language. Conclusions Provider income, ethnicity and language were important factors in what children consume in FCCH. Future studies should aim to better understand how these provider sociodemographic factors are related to meal and snack preparation/provision in order to better tailor interventions. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, NationalInstitutes of Health, HL123016.

Diet Quality of Canadian Preschool Children: Associations with Socio-demographic Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Leme ◽  
Dabrowka Muszynski ◽  
Julia A. Mirotta ◽  
Nicholas Caroll ◽  
Jaimie L. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Purpose: To examine associations between preschoolers’ diet quality and parent and child socio-demographic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis with 117 preschoolers. Parents reported socio-demographics and their children’s diet using 3-day food records. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. Linear regression models were used to analyze associations between socio-demographics and HEI scores. Results: A total of 86% of children had an HEI-2015 score in the “needs improvement” category (51–80 out of a maximum of 100). Children’s overall HEI-2015 score was inversely associated with children’s age (β = −0.19, 95% CI −0.37, −0.02). Parental education was positively associated with children’s overall HEI score (β = 9.58, 95% CI 3.81, 15.35) and with scores for total fruit (β = 1.00, 95% CI 0.39, 1.76), vegetables (β = 1.11, 95% CI 0.03, 2.18), total protein (β = 1.06, 95% CI 0.28, 1.84), and seafood/plant protein (β = 1.67, 95% CI 0.43, 2.89) components. Children who identified as Caucasian (β = 4.29, 95% CI 2.46, 6.14), had a Caucasian parent (β = 3.01, 95% CI 0.78, 5.25), or parents who were born in Canada (β = 2.32, 95% CI 0.53, 4.11) had higher scores for dairy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that preschoolers’ diet quality needs improvement and that children’s diet quality varies by children’s age and parental education level.

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