scholarly journals Impact of Nutrient Intake on Hydration Biomarkers Following Exercise and Rehydration Using a Clustering-Based Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen X. Muñoz ◽  
Evan C. Johnson ◽  
Laura J. Kunces ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael Wininger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of nutrient intake on hydration biomarkers in cyclists before and after a 161 km ride, including one hour after a 650 mL water bolus consumed post-ride. To control for multicollinearity, we chose a clustering-based, machine learning statistical approach. Five hydration biomarkers (urine color, urine specific gravity, plasma osmolality, plasma copeptin, and body mass change) were configured as raw- and percent change. Linear regressions were used to test for associations between hydration markers and eight predictor terms derived from 19 nutrients merged into a reduced-dimensionality dataset through serial k-means clustering. Most predictor groups showed significant association with at least one hydration biomarker: (1) Glycemic Load + Carbohydrates + Sodium, (2) Protein + Fat + Zinc, (3) Magnesium + Calcium, (4) Pinitol, (5) Caffeine, (6) Fiber + Betaine, and (7) Water; potassium + three polyols, and mannitol + sorbitol showed no significant associations with any hydration biomarker. All five hydration biomarkers were associated with at least one nutrient predictor in at least one configuration. We conclude that in a real-life scenario, some nutrients may serve as mediators of body water, and urine-specific hydration biomarkers may be more responsive to nutrient intake than measures derived from plasma or body mass.

scholarly journals Effects of sex and menstrual cycle on volume-regulatory responses to 24-h fluid restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. R560-R565
Author(s):  
Gabrielle E. W. Giersch ◽  
Abigail T. Colburn ◽  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Cody R. Butler ◽  
Michaela L. Pruchnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Fluid Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Reproductive hormones have significant nonreproductive physiological effects, including altering fluid regulation. Our purpose was to explore the impact of sex and menstrual cycle (MC) phase on volume-regulatory responses to 24-h fluid restriction (24-h FR). Participants (men: n = 12, 20 ± 2 yr; women: n = 10, 20 ± 1 yr) were assigned two randomized and counterbalanced fluid prescriptions [Euhy: euhydrated, urine specific gravity (USG) < 1.020; Dehy: 24-h FR, USG > 1.020]. Men completed both (MEuhy, MDehy), while women completed both in the late-follicular ( days 10–13; FDehy, FEuhy) and midluteal ( days 18–22; LDehy, LEuhy) phases. We measured body mass, plasma and urine osmolality (Posm, Uosm), urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (Ucol), and serum copeptin; 24-h FR yielded mild dehydration without influence of sex or MC ( P > 0.05). Copeptin increased in men following Dehy (pre: 8.2 ± 5.2, post: 15.8 ± 12.6, P = 0.04) but not in women (FDehy pre: 4.3 ± 1.6, post: 10.5 ± 6.9, P = 0.06; LDehy pre: 5.6 ± 3.5, post: 10.4 ± 6.2, P = 0.16). In FDehy, Posm increased following FR (pre: 288 ± 2, post: 292 ± 1, P = 0.03) but not in men (pre: 292 ± 3, post: 293 ± 2, P = 0.46). No MC differences were observed between body mass loss, Posm, Uosm, USG, and copeptin ( P > 0.05). These results suggest that volume-regulatory responses to 24-h FR were present in men but not in women, without apparent effects of the menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals Changes in the Soundscape of the Public Space Close to a Highway by a Noise Control Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5284
Author(s):  
Timothy Van Renterghem ◽  
Francesco Aletta ◽  
Dick Botteldooren
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Noise Abatement ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Noise Shielding ◽  
Visual Preferences ◽  
The Impact

The deployment of measures to mitigate sound during propagation outdoors is most often a compromise between the acoustic design, practical limitations, and visual preferences regarding the landscape. The current study of a raised berm next to a highway shows a number of common issues like the impact of the limited length of the noise shielding device, initially non-dominant sounds becoming noticeable, local drops in efficiency when the barrier is not fully continuous, and overall limited abatement efficiencies. Detailed assessments of both the objective and subjective effect of the intervention, both before and after the intervention was deployed, using the same methodology, showed that especially the more noise sensitive persons benefit from the noise abatement. Reducing the highest exposure levels did not result anymore in a different perception compared to more noise insensitive persons. People do react to spatial variation in exposure and abatement efficiency. Although level reductions might not be excessive in many real-life complex multi-source situations, they do improve the perception of the acoustic environment in the public space.

scholarly journals Impact Loading During Distracted Running Before and After Auditory Gait Retraining

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (14) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ching ◽  
Winko An ◽  
Ivan Au ◽  
Janet Zhang ◽  
Zoe Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Gait Retraining ◽  
Positive Acceleration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Sound

AbstractVisual feedback gait retraining has been reported to successfully reduce impact loading in runners, even when the runners were distracted. However, auditory feedback is more feasible in real life application. Hence, this study compared the peak positive acceleration (PPA), vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) loading rate during distracted running before and after a course of auditory feedback gait retraining in 16 runners. The runners were asked to land with softer footfalls with and without auditory feedback. Low or high sound pitch was generated according to the impact of particular footfall, when compared with the preset target. Runners then received a course of auditory gait retraining, and after the gait retraining, runners completed a reassessment. Runners before gait retraining exhibited lower PPA, VALR and VILR with augmented auditory feedback (p<0.049). We found a reduction in PPA, VALR and VILR after gait retraining, regardless of the presence of feedback (p<0.018). However, runners after gait retraining did not demonstrate further reduction in PPA and VALR with auditory feedback (p>0.104). A small effect of auditory feedback on VILR in runners after gait retraining was observed (p=0.032). Real time auditory feedback gait retraining is effective in impact loading reduction, even when the runners were distracted.

Influence of Successive Badminton Matches on Muscle Strength, Power, and Body-Fluid Balance in Elite Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Abian-Vicen ◽  
Adrián Castanedo ◽  
Pablo Abian ◽  
Cristina Gonzalez-Millan ◽  
Juan José Salinero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Body Fluid Balance ◽  
Renal Responses

The aim was to analyze the influence of competitive round on muscle strength, body-fluid balance, and renal function in elite badminton players during a real competition. Body mass, jump height during a countermovement jump, handgrip force, and urine samples were obtained from 13 elite badminton players (6 men and 7 women) before and after the 2nd-round and quarterfinal matches of the national Spanish badminton championship. Sweat rate was determined by using prematch-to-postmatch body-mass change and by weighing individually labeled fluid bottles. Sweat rates were 1.04 ± 0.62 and 0.98 ± 0.43 L/h, while rehydration rate was 0.69 ± 0.26 and 0.91 ± 0.52 L/h for the 2nd round and quarterfinals, respectively. Thus, dehydration was 0.47% ± 1.03% after the 2nd round and 0.23% ± 0.43% after the quarterfinals. There were no differences in prematch-to-postmatch jump height, but jump height was reduced from 37.51 ± 8.83 cm after the 2nd-round game to 34.82 ± 7.37 cm after the quarterfinals (P < .05). No significant differences were found in handgrip force when comparing prepost matches or rounds, although there were significant differences between dominant and nondominant hands (P < .05). The succession of rounds caused the appearance of proteinuria, hematuria, glycosuria, and higher nitrite and ketone concentrations in urine. Rehydration patterns during a real badminton competition were effective to prevent dehydration. A badminton match did not affect jump height or handgrip force, but jump height was progressively reduced by the competitive round. Badminton players’ renal responses reflected diminished renal flux due to the high-intensity nature of this racket sport.

scholarly journals Effects of caloric restriction on anthropometrical and specific performance in highly-trained university judo athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalia CHRARA ◽  
RIAD A.Raoui ◽  
Adel Belkadi ◽  
Hocine ASLI ◽  
Othman BENBERNOU
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the ultimate body mass, performance, and nutritional characteristics of the Algerian judo junior athletes, and also analysing the impact of nutritional intakes on stabilising Weight loss according to special performance of judo athletes. Material:Twenty-one male university athletes (aged: 21.45 ± 1.32; height: 1.81 ± 0.45 m; and body mass: 73.9 ± 4.1 kg) participated in this study during a period of stabilising Weight loss before and after 15 days of caloric restriction. Athletes were submitted to anthropometrical measurements and performed the Special Judo Fitness Test. Values for nutrient intakes were obtained from a 15 day food record kept during a training camp period of Weight maintenance and after a 15-day caloric restriction.Results:caloric restriction resulted in significant decreases in body mass (73.73 ± 2.1) and performance. However, Special Judo Fitness Test index increased significantly (14.00 ± 1.75) during caloric restriction in comparison to stabilising Weight loss.Conclusion:Exercise and caloric restriction lead to determine the ultimate Weight and physical performance. The present study provides baseline nutritional data that can be used in the prescription of individual training programs for university  judo Athletes.

scholarly journals Fluid Restriction Negatively Influences Perceived Morning Alertness and Visuomotor Ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Courteney L. Benjamin ◽  
Elliot P. Norton ◽  
Benjamin M. Shirley ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
College Age ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Fluid ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two fluid intake protocols on alertness and reaction time before and after fluid intake. Healthy college-age males (n = 12) followed two fluid intake protocols on separate occasions: (1) prescribed fluid (PF) and fluid restricted (FR). In PF, participants were instructed to consume 500 mL of fluid the night prior to and the morning of data collection. In FR, participants were instructed to refrain from the consumption of fluid for 12 h. To assess hydration status, urine specific gravity and urine color were measured. Participants perceived level of thirst and alertness were also recorded. Participants then completed visuomotor reaction time tests using the Dynavision LED board, using both a central visuomotor test and a peripheral visuomotor test (PVRT) prior to (1) and following (2) the ingestion of 100 mL of water. Participants displayed significantly improved PVRT in PF state as compared to FR (PF1 = 1.13 ± 0.16, PF2 = 1.04 ± 0.14; FR1 = 1.27 ± 0.27, FR2 = 1.18 ± 0.20; p = 0.038, ηp2 = 0.363). Both CVRT and PVRT improved over time, following the ingestion of 100 mL of fluid. Participants in the PF state were also significantly more alert than participants in the FR state (PF = 4 ± 2, FR = 5 ± 2; p = 0.019, ES = 0.839). Collectively, perceived alertness and PVRT were negatively impacted by FR.

scholarly journals Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilita Ozoliņa ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Igors Ķīsis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

scholarly journals Improving physical distancing among healthcare workers in a pediatric intensive care unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Anna C. Sick-Samuels ◽  
Sara Cosgrove ◽  
Clare Rock ◽  
Alejandra Salinas ◽  
Opeyemi Oladapo-Shittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Decline ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) not adhering to physical distancing recommendations is a risk factor for acquisition of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study objective was to assess the impact of interventions to improve HCW physical distancing on actual distance between HCWs in a real-life setting. Methods: HCWs voluntarily wore proximity beacons to measure the number and intensity of physical distancing interactions between each other in a pediatric intensive care unit. We compared interactions before and after implementing a bundle of interventions including changes to the layout of workstations, cognitive aids, and individual feedback from wearable proximity beacons. Results: Overall, we recorded 10,788 interactions within 6 feet (∼2 m) and lasting >5 seconds. The number of HCWs wearing beacons fluctuated daily and increased over the study period. On average, 13 beacons were worn daily (32% of possible staff; range, 2–32 per day). We recorded 3,218 interactions before the interventions and 7,570 interactions after the interventions began. Using regression analysis accounting for the maximum number of potential interactions if all staff had worn beacons on a given day, there was a 1% decline in the number of interactions per possible interactions in the postintervention period (incident rate ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–1.00; P = .02) with fewer interactions occurring at nursing stations, in workrooms and during morning rounds. Conclusions: Using quantitative data from wearable proximity beacons, we found an overall small decline in interactions within 6 feet between HCWs in a busy intensive care unit after a multifaceted bundle of interventions was implemented to improve physical distancing.

scholarly journals P1855ONLINE PATIENT/CAREGIVER EDUCATION ON HYPERKALEMIA CAN IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE AND COMPETENCE AS WELL AS PROMPT REAL LIFE CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Larkin ◽  
Don Blatherwick
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Outcomes Analysis ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Caregiver Education ◽  
Knowledge Question ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strict Diet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Managing hyperkalemia with a strict diet is limiting and difficult for patients. We sought to measure the impact of online education for patients/caregivers on knowledge and confidence as well as prompting change in daily life. Method The patient/caregiver education was designed as 2 online, interactive activities. Both were comprised of text and integrated visuals; the second also included a patient commentary video. Demographic questions were asked prior to starting the education. A knowledge question was asked both before and after the activity to assess learning gains, as well as intent to change and confidence questions at the end. Absolute improvements were calculated for pre/post questions. The activities launched in April and May of 2019, and data collected through October 2019. Results To date, 98,462 learners have participated in the patient/caregiver activity. Activity 1: High Potassium: Causes and reasons to Treat Participants: 60,060 Completers of all questions (included in outcomes analysis): 7,262 Demographics: 59% female; 49% white, non-Hispanic; 66% over the age of 54; 16% have hyperkalemia, 75% were interested in learning more about the condition Knowledge changes: 13% improvement in understanding what causes hyperkalemia (46% pre to 59% post) Intent-to-act: 66% plan to talk to an HCP about next steps for treating hyperkalemia Confidence changes: 82% reported increased confidence understanding why it’s important to treat hyperkalemia Activity 2: It’s Complicated: How to Manage High Potassium and Heart Failure Participants: 38,402 Completers of all questions (included in outcomes analysis): 3,816 Demographics: 60% female; 63% white, non-Hispanic; 69% over the age of 54; 58% were interested in learning more about the condition and 25% have this condition Knowledge changes: 13% improvement in recognizing how potassium levels effect the heart (76% pre to 89% post) Intent-to-act: 64% plan to talk to their healthcare provider about a plan to manage my hyperkalemia Confidence changes: 82% reported increased confidence understanding how important is it to manage my heart failure and hyperkalemia Conclusion The metrics and outcomes gathered in this assessment are a strong indicator that these patient/caregiver-focused online educational activities improved knowledge and confidence, and prompted intent to act by patients/caregivers related to hyperkalemia.

scholarly journals Hydration with maltodextrin vs. a regional beverage: effects on the performance of soccer players

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Juliana Tanise Costa Câmara ◽  
Amanda Maria de Jesus Ferreira ◽  
Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soccer Team

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is known that ingestion of carbohydrate-containing beverages can enhance sports perfor-mance. However, many teams do not have sufficient financial resources to invest in commercial products and need to prepare their own hydration drinks. Jacuba is a beverage used as sport drink (source of carbohydrate) in soccer clubs in Northeastern Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the influence of two beverages with carbohydrate on blood glucose, dehydration and fatigue in a soccer team of Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Twenty-two soccer players were evaluated in two days of physical training, with ingestion of water ad libitum and two beverages: 1) maltodextrin-based drink, or 2) Jacuba. Capillary blood glucose was measured before and after training. Fatigue was assessed using Borg Scale after exercise. To evaluate the dehydration of the athletes at the end of exercise, the urinalysis test and the verification of the body mass change during the training were performed. Results: Blood glucose changed to 13.1±29.5 mg/dL and 7.6±22.2 mg/dL on training days with consumption of maltodextrin and Jacuba, respectively, without statistical significance. There were no changes in body mass and in water and total fluids intake in the two days of training. The Borg Scale score after training was 15.2±2.6 and 14.9±3.0 for maltodextrin and Jacuba, respectively (p=0.12). Conclusion: Jacuba can be used to improve hydration and maintain blood glucose in soccer players because their results do not differ with those of mal-todextrin-based drink.

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