scholarly journals Prebiotic Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on the Composition and Function of the Human Microbiota—Results from the PAGODA Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Reider ◽  
Simon Moosmang ◽  
Judith Tragust ◽  
Lovro Trgovec-Greif ◽  
Simon Tragust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

(1) Background: Alterations in the structural composition of the human gut microbiota have been identified in various disease entities along with exciting mechanistic clues by reductionist gnotobiotic modeling. Improving health by beneficially modulating an altered microbiota is a promising treatment approach. Prebiotics, substrates selectively used by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, are broadly used for dietary and clinical interventions. Herein, we sought to investigate the microbiota-modelling effects of the soluble fiber, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG). (2) Methods: We performed a 9 week clinical trial in 20 healthy volunteers that included three weeks of a lead-in period, followed by three weeks of an intervention phase, wherein study subjects received 5 g PHGG up to three times per day, and concluding with a three-week washout period. A stool diary was kept on a daily basis, and clinical data along with serum/plasma and stool samples were collected on a weekly basis. PHGG-induced alterations of the gut microbiota were studied by 16S metagenomics of the V1–V3 and V3–V4 regions. To gain functional insight, we further studied stool metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. (3) Results: In healthy subjects, PHGG had significant effects on stool frequency and consistency. These effects were paralleled by changes in α- (species evenness) and β-diversity (Bray–Curtis distances), along with increasing abundances of metabolites including butyrate, acetate and various amino acids. On a taxonomic level, PHGG intake was associated with a bloom in Ruminococcus, Fusicatenibacter, Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides and a reduction in Roseburia, Lachnospiracea and Blautia. The majority of effects disappeared after stopping the prebiotic and most effects tended to be more pronounced in male participants. (4) Conclusions: Herein, we describe novel aspects of the prebiotic PHGG on compositional and functional properties of the healthy human microbiota.

scholarly journals Study on the ability of partially hydrolyzed guar gum to modulate the gut microbiota and relieve constipation

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. e12715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Fu ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Tan Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Haijin Mou
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

scholarly journals Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Xiu Zhang ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

Ongoing Supplementation of Probiotics to Cesarean-Born Neonates during the First Month of Life may Impact the Gut Microbial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Yang ◽  
Liang Tian ◽  
Jiao Luo ◽  
Jialin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
And Function

Objective The delivery mode is considered to be a significant influencing factor in the early gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the long-term health of the host. In this study, we tried to explore the effects of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of C-section neonates. Study Design Twenty-six Chinese neonates were enrolled in this study. The neonates were divided into four groups: VD (natural delivery neonates, n = 3), CD (cesarean-born neonates, n = 9), CDL (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a lower dosage, n = 7), and CDH (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a higher dosage, n = 7). Fecal samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day since birth. The V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology. Results The α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota of cesarean delivery neonates was significantly lower than that of the naturally delivered neonates on the 28th day (p = 0.005). After supplementation with probiotics for 28 days, the α-diversity and the β-diversity of the gut flora in the cesarean-born infants (CDL28 and CDH28) was similar to that in the vaginally delivery infants. Meanwhile, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased since the 3rd day of probiotic supplementation. Besides, the sustained supplementation of probiotics to neonates would help improve the abundance of the operational taxonomic units in several different Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins. Conclusion This study showed that probiotics supplementation to cesarean-born neonates since birth might impact the diversity and function of gut microbiota. Key Points

scholarly journals Impact of Gluten-Friendly Bread on the Metabolism and Function of In Vitro Gut Microbiota in Healthy Human and Coeliac Subjects

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0162770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bevilacqua ◽  
Adele Costabile ◽  
Triana Bergillos-Meca ◽  
Isidro Gonzalez ◽  
Loretta Landriscina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Effect of Voluntary Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Intake Mice under High-Fat Diet Feeding

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Takafumi Aoki ◽  
Eri Oyanagi ◽  
Chihiro Watanabe ◽  
Nanako Kobiki ◽  
Suzuka Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

Although dietary fiber treatment alters the gut microbiota and its metabolite production, it is unclear whether or not exercise habits can have a supplemental effect on changes in gut microbiota in dietary fiber-treated mice. To clarify the supplemental effect of voluntary exercise on gut microbiota in partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), which is a soluble dietary fiber, treated mice under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 80) were randomly divided into two dietary groups: the control-diet (CD) and HFD. Then, each dietary group was treated with or without PHGG, and with or without wheel running. After the experimental period, measurement of maximal oxygen consumption, a glucose tolerance test and fecal materials collection for analysis of gut microbiota were carried out. Voluntary exercise load in PHGG treatment under HFD feeding showed the supplemental effect of exercise on obesity (p < 0.01) and glucose tolerance (p < 0.01). Additionally, in both CD and HFD groups, voluntary exercise accelerated the decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in mice fed with PHGG (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that voluntary exercise might activate the prevention of obesity and insulin resistance more via change in gut microbiota in mice administrated with PHGG.

Effect of liquid diets with or without partially hydrolyzed guar gum on intestinal microbial flora and function of rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehisa Takahashi ◽  
Shigehiro Akachi ◽  
Yoshihiro Ueda ◽  
Shigemitsu Akachi ◽  
Mujo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽  
And Function ◽  
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

scholarly journals Diesel exhaust particles alter the profile and function of the gut microbiota upon subchronic oral administration in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille van den Brule ◽  
Margaux Rappe ◽  
Jérôme Ambroise ◽  
Caroline Bouzin ◽  
Chantal Dessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Exhaust Particles ◽  
And Function ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Ambient air pollution by particulate matters, including diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a major cause of cardiovascular and metabolic mortality worldwide. The mechanisms by which DEP cause these adverse outcomes are not completely understood. Because the gut microbiota controls cardiovascular and metabolic health, we hypothesized that the fraction of inhaled DEP which reach the gut after mucociliary clearance and swallowing might induce gut dysbiosis and, in turn, contribute to aggravate or induce cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Results Female ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet, and wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice fed standard diet were gavaged with DEP (SRM2975) doses corresponding to mucociliary clearance from inhalation exposure (200 or 1000 ng/day, 3 times a week for 3 months; and 40, 200 or 1000 ng/day, 3 times a week for 6 months, respectively). No mortality, overt systemic or digestive toxicity was observed. A dose-dependent alteration of the gut microbiota was recorded in both strains. In ApoE−/−, β-diversity was modified by DEP, but no significant modification of the relative abundance of the phyla, families or genera was identified. In C57BL/6 mice, DEP reduced α-diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices), and modified β-diversity, including a reduction of the Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria phyla, and an increase of the Campylobacterota phylum. In both mouse models, perturbation of the gut microbiota composition was associated with a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial short chain fatty acids (butyrate and propionate) in cecal content. However, DEP ingestion did not aggravate (ApoE−/−), or induce (C57BL/6 mice) atherosclerotic plaques, and no metabolic alteration (glucose tolerance, resistance to insulin, or lipidemia) was recorded. Conclusions We show here that oral exposure to DEP, at doses relevant for human health, changes the composition and function of the gut microbiota. These modifications were, however, not translated into ultimate atherosclerotic or metabolic outcomes.

scholarly journals The Challenge of ICIs Resistance in Solid Tumours: Could Microbiota and Its Diversity Be Our Secret Weapon?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Roberto ◽  
Catia Carconi ◽  
Micaela Cerreti ◽  
Francesca Matilde Schipilliti ◽  
Andrea Botticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies

The human microbiota and its functional interaction with the human body were recently returned to the spotlight of the scientific community. In light of the extensive implementation of newer and increasingly precise genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and culturomic, we now have an extraordinary ability to study the microorganisms that live within the human body. Most of the recent studies only focused on the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and one other factor. Considering the complexity of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, our aim was to investigate how microbiota is affected by intestinal microenvironment and how microenvironment alterations may influence the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this context, we show how diet is emerging as a fundamental determinant of microbiota’s community structure and function. Particularly, we describe the role of certain dietary factors, as well as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics in modifying the human microbiota. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a secret weapon to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, this review sheds new light on the possibility of administering fecal microbiota transplantation to modulate the gut microbiota in cancer treatment. These concepts and how these findings can be translated into the therapeutic response to cancer immunotherapies will be presented.

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