scholarly journals Reply to “Limitations of the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) and Choice of Statistical Reporting. Comment on “A Comparison of Dietary Protein Digestibility, Based on DIAAS Scoring, in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Athletes.” Nutrients 2019, 11, 3106”

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Carol S. Johnston ◽  
Heidi Lynch ◽  
Christopher Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Score

We appreciate the critique of our paper (Ciuris et al [...]

scholarly journals Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) better Estimates the Protein Value of Pistachios than Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Marie Bailey ◽  
Arianna Carughi ◽  
Hans-Henrik Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Amino Acid Score

AbstractPistachios (Pistacia Vera) are nutrient-dense foods with a healthy nutritional profile that contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, essential nutrients, phytochemicals and protein. However, the nutritional quality of the protein has not been characterized to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs. The values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and the standard ileal digestibility (SID) where calculated for these proteins. The CP content was greater for raw pistachios (27.1%) compared with roasted pistachios (25.1%). The amino acid (AA) in greatest concentrations for both types of pistachio were arginine followed by leucine. The AA in the lowest concentration were tryptophan followed by methionine. The AID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios, and the AID of most indispensable AA (IAA), except arginine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios. The SID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios, and the SID of all IAA, except phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios. The PDCAAS value calculated for both types of pistachios was based on the requirement for children from 2 to 5 years old (FAO, 1991), whereas the DIAAS value was calculated based on the requirement for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults (FAO, 2013). Both raw and roasted pistachios had a PDCAAS value of 75. In contrast, the DIAAS was numerically greater for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios with values of 86 and 83, respectively. For PDCAAS, the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 2 to 5 years was threonine. For DIAAS, lysine was the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults. Based on the DIAAS cut-off values describing protein quality (FAO, 2013), raw pistachios and roasted pistachios can both be considered a ‘Good’ quality protein if consumed by children older than 3 year, adolescents, and adults.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score with Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score to Evaluate Protein Quality of Raw and Roasted Pistachio Nuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 680-680
Author(s):  
Hannah Bailey ◽  
Arianna Carughi ◽  
Hans Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this research were to determine the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs, and to assess the effect of roasting on these measures of protein quality. Methods Twelve ileal cannulated barrows (body weight: 60.9 ± 3.2 kg) were randomly allotted to a 2-period switch-back design with 3 diets and 4 replicate pigs per period. Roasted pistachio nuts and raw pistachio nuts (American cultivated pistachio nuts) were each added to a single diet as the only protein source, and the third diet was a nitrogen-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental periods were 9 d with the initial 5 d for adaptation to the diets. On d 6 and 7, fecal samples were collected, and on d 8 and 9, ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 h each day. The PDCAAS and DIAAS were calculated according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all indispensable AA, except Arg and Phe, was less (P &lt; 0.05) in roasted than in raw pistachio nuts. Raw pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 73 and roasted pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 81, calculated for children 2 to 5 yr, and the first limiting AA when compared to human requirements was Thr for both pistachio nuts. The DIAAS calculated for children older than 3 years, adolescents, and adults was 86 and 83 for raw and roasted pistachio nuts, respectively. The limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachio nuts that determined the DIAAS for this age group was Lys. Conclusions Results of this research illustrate that raw and roasted pistachio nuts can be considered a good quality protein source with DIAAS greater than 75, however, heating conditions associated with roasting may decrease the digestibility of AA in pistachio nuts. Funding Sources The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Product was supplied by the American Pistachio Growers.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Quality in Humans—An Overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 874-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Abstract The first objective in evaluating protein quality is to permit a ranking of proteins according to their potential nutritive value and to permit detection of changes in nutritive value due to processing and/or storage. The second objective is to permit prediction of the contribution a food protein, or mixture of food proteins, makes toward meeting nitrogen and amino acid requirements for growth or maintenance. Different approaches are used in meeting these distinct aims. The preferred current method to meet the second aim is the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). This article introduces the concept of PDCAAS and places it in the context of the series of papers published in this Special Guest Editor Section addressing aspects of dietary amino acid utilization.

scholarly journals Making Nutritious Gluten-Free Foods from Quinoa Seeds and Its Flours

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Patricia Miranda Villa ◽  
Natalia Cervilla ◽  
Romina Mufari ◽  
Antonella Bergesse ◽  
Edgardo Calandri
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Celiac disease is affecting around 1% of the world population and an effective treatment needs to exclude gluten. Quinoa is a high-quality gluten-free protein, and starch-rich endosperm, like the cereals. Protein contents and theoretical Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) were evaluated in quinoas from Northwest and Centre of Argentina. A batter-type gluten-free quinoa bread was developed, showing good volume, taste, nutritional quality and a good long-lasting texture. Malted quinoa seeds’ quality indicators rose until 48 h of germination; after that, an unpleasant taste was developed. Muffins made with that flour showed acceptable taste.

scholarly journals Egg White Hydrolysate Retains the Nutritional Value of Proteins and Is Quickly Absorbed in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Matsuoka ◽  
Hitoshi Kurihara ◽  
Noriaki Nishijima ◽  
Yoshifumi Oda ◽  
Akihiro Handa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Egg White ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Difficult Challenge

Egg white protein has a high net protein utilisation, with a score of 100 in the amino acid rating system. Although the enzymatic breakdown of egg white yields hydrolysates that are rapidly absorbed and various physiological activities can be expected from them, flavouring egg white to meet taste requirements as a food has been a difficult challenge. Herein, we developed a high-molecular-weight egg white hydrolysate and compared the absorption rate and nutritional value of the hydrolysate with those of egg white proteins obtained from raw materials, whey proteins, and hydrolysates, also known as high-quality proteins. The absorption rate of egg white hydrolysates was faster than that of egg white and whey proteins in portal vein cannulated rats, and their bioavailability values were higher than those of whey proteins and hydrolysates. According to the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score and digestible indispensable amino acid score, the scores for egg white hydrolysates were equivalent to those of egg white and whey proteins but higher than those of whey hydrolysates. Our results show that egg white hydrolysates maintain the nutritional value of egg whites and are rapidly absorbed by the body.

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